Telomeres, as physical ends of linear chromosomes, are targets of a number of specific proteins, including primarily telomerase reverse transcriptase. Access of proteins to the telomere may be affected by a number of diverse factors, e.g., protein interaction partners, local DNA or chromatin structures, subcellular localization/trafficking, or simply protein modification. Knowledge of composition of the functional nucleoprotein complex of plant telomeres is only fragmentary. Moreover, the plant telomeric repeat binding proteins that were characterized recently appear to also be involved in non-telomeric processes, e.g., ribosome biogenesis. This interesting finding was not totally unexpected since non-telomeric functions of yeast or animal telomeric proteins, as well as of telomerase subunits, have been reported for almost a decade. Here we summarize known facts about the architecture of plant telomeres and compare them with the well-described composition of telomeres in other organisms.

Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics National Centre for Biomolecular Research Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk UniversityBrno Czech Republic; Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics National Centre for Biomolecular Research Faculty of Science Masaryk UniversityBrno Czech Republic

Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk UniversityBrno Czech Republic; Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics National Centre for Biomolecular Research Faculty of Science Masaryk UniversityBrno Czech Republic; Institute of Biophysics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v v i Brno Czech Republic

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Adams S. P., Hartman T. P., Lim K. Y., Chase M. W., Bennett M. D., Leitch I. J., et al. (2001). Loss and recovery of PubMed DOI PMC

Amiard S., Depeiges A., Allain E., White C. I., Gallego M. E. (2011). PubMed DOI PMC

Amiard S., Olivier M., Allain E., Choi K., Smith-Unna R., Henderson I. R., et al. (2014). Telomere stability and development of ctc1 mutants are rescued by inhibition of EJ recombination pathways in a telomerase-dependent manner. PubMed DOI PMC

Arat N. O., Griffith J. D. (2012). Human Rap1 interacts directly with telomeric DNA and regulates TRF2 localization at the telomere. PubMed DOI PMC

Armstrong S. J., Franklin F. C., Jones G. H. (2001). Nucleolus-associated telomere clustering and pairing precede meiotic chromosome synapsis in PubMed

Aronen T., Ryynanen L. (2014). Silver birch telomeres shorten in tissue culture. DOI

Bass H. W., Marshall W. F., Sedat J. W., Agard D. A., Cande W. Z. (1997). Telomeres cluster de novo before the initiation of synapsis: a three-dimensional spatial analysis of telomere positions before and during meiotic prophase. PubMed DOI PMC

Baumann P., Cech T. R. (2001). Pot1, the putative telomere end-binding protein in fission yeast and humans. PubMed DOI

Beilstein M. A., Brinegar A. E., Shippen D. E. (2012). Evolution of the PubMed DOI PMC

Beilstein M. A., Renfrew K. B., Song X., Shakirov E. V., Zanis M. J., Shippen D. E. (2015). Evolution of the telomere-associated protein POT1a in PubMed DOI PMC

Beneke S., Cohausz O., Malanga M., Boukamp P., Althaus F., Burkle A. (2008). Rapid regulation of telomere length is mediated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. PubMed DOI PMC

Bianchi A., Shore D. (2008). How telomerase reaches its end: mechanism of telomerase regulation by the telomeric complex. PubMed DOI

Bilaud T., Koering C. E., Binet-Brasselet E., Ancelin K., Pollice A., Gasser S. M., et al. (1996). The telobox, a Myb-related telomeric DNA binding motif found in proteins from yeast, plants and human. PubMed DOI PMC

Blackburn E. H., Gall J. G. (1978). A tandemly repeated sequence at the termini of the extrachromosomal ribosomal RNA genes in PubMed

Boltz K. A., Jasti M., Townley J. M., Shippen D. E. (2014). Analysis of poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerases in PubMed DOI PMC

Boltz K. A., Leehy K., Song X., Nelson A. D., Shippen D. E. (2012). ATR cooperates with CTC1 and STN1 to maintain telomeres and genome integrity in PubMed DOI PMC

Broccoli D., Smogorzewska A., Chong L., de Lange T. (1997). Human telomeres contain two distinct Myb-related proteins, TRF1 and TRF2. PubMed DOI

Bundock P., Hooykaas P. (2002). Severe developmental defects, hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, and lengthened telomeres in PubMed DOI PMC

Bundock P., van Attikum H., Hooykaas P. (2002). Increased telomere length and hypersensitivity to DNA damaging agents in an PubMed DOI PMC

Byun M. Y., Hong J. P., Kim W. T. (2008). Identification and characterization of three telomere repeat-binding factors in rice. PubMed DOI

Celli G. B., de Lange T. (2005). DNA processing is not required for ATM-mediated telomere damage response after TRF2 deletion. PubMed DOI

Cesare A. J., Quinney N., Willcox S., Subramanian D., Griffith J. D. (2003). Telomere looping in PubMed DOI

Chai W., Ford L. P., Lenertz L., Wright W. E., Shay J. W. (2002). Human Ku70/80 associates physically with telomerase through interaction with hTERT. PubMed DOI

Charbonnel C., Allain E., Gallego M. E., White C. I. (2011). Kinetic analysis of DNA double-strand break repair pathways in PubMed DOI

Charbonnel C., Gallego M. E., White C. I. (2010). Xrcc1-dependent and Ku-dependent DNA double-strand break repair kinetics in PubMed DOI

Chen C. M., Wang C. T., Ho C. H. (2001). A plant gene encoding a Myb-like protein that binds telomeric GGTTTAG repeats in vitro. PubMed DOI

Chen C. M., Wang C. T., Kao Y. H., Chang G. D., Ho C. H., Lee F. M., et al. (2005). Functional redundancy of the duplex telomeric DNA-binding proteins in

Chen L. Y., Lingner J. (2013). CST for the grand finale of telomere replication. PubMed DOI PMC

Chen L. Y., Redon S., Lingner J. (2012). The human CST complex is a terminator of telomerase activity. PubMed DOI

Chikashige Y., Tsutsumi C., Yamane M., Okamasa K., Haraguchi T., Hiraoka Y. (2006). Meiotic proteins bqt1 and bqt2 tether telomeres to form the bouquet arrangement of chromosomes. PubMed DOI

Cifuentes-Rojas C., Nelson A. D., Boltz K. A., Kannan K., She X., Shippen D. E. (2012). An alternative telomerase RNA in PubMed DOI PMC

Cokus S. J., Feng S., Zhang X., Chen Z., Merriman B., Haudenschild C. D., et al. (2008). Shotgun bisulphite sequencing of the PubMed DOI PMC

Comadira G., Rasool B., Kaprinska B., Garcia B. M., Morris J., Verrall S. R., et al. (2015). WHIRLY1 functions in the control of responses to nitrogen deficiency but not aphid infestation in barley. PubMed DOI PMC

Cook B. D., Dynek J. N., Chang W., Shostak G., Smith S. (2002). Role for the related poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerases tankyrase 1 and 2 at human telomeres. PubMed DOI PMC

Corredor E., Naranjo T. (2007). Effect of colchicine and telocentric chromosome conformation on centromere and telomere dynamics at meiotic prophase I in wheat-rye additions. PubMed DOI

Court R., Chapman L., Fairall L., Rhodes D. (2005). How the human telomeric proteins TRF1 and TRF2 recognize telomeric DNA: a view from high-resolution crystal structures. PubMed DOI PMC

Cowan C. R., Carlton P. M., Cande W. Z. (2001). The polar arrangement of telomeres in interphase and meiosis. Rabl organization and the bouquet. PubMed PMC

Cowan C. R., Carlton P. M., Cande W. Z. (2002). Reorganization and polarization of the meiotic bouquet-stage cell can be uncoupled from telomere clustering. PubMed DOI

da Costa e Silva O., Klein L., Schmelzer E., Trezzini G. F., Hahlbrock K. (1993). BPF-1, a pathogen-induced DNA-binding protein involved in the plant defense response. PubMed

de Lange T. (2005). Shelterin: the protein complex that shapes and safeguards human telomeres. PubMed DOI

Decottignies A. (2013). Alternative end-joining mechanisms: a historical perspective. PubMed DOI PMC

Denchi E. L., de Lange T. (2007). Protection of telomeres through independent control of ATM and ATR by TRF2 and POT1. PubMed DOI

Deng W., Buzas D. M., Ying H., Robertson M., Taylor J., Peacock W. J., et al. (2013). PubMed DOI PMC

Derboven E., Ekker H., Kusenda B., Bulankova P., Riha K. (2014). Role of STN1 and DNA polymerase alpha in telomere stability and genome-wide replication in PubMed DOI PMC

Desveaux D., Allard J., Brisson N., Sygusch J. (2002). A new family of plant transcription factors displays a novel ssDNA-binding surface. PubMed DOI

Desveaux D., Despres C., Joyeux A., Subramaniam R., Brisson N. (2000). PBF-2 is a novel single-stranded DNA binding factor implicated in PR-10a gene activation in potato. PubMed DOI PMC

Dokládal L., Honys D., Rana R., Lee L.-Y., Gelvin S., Sýkorová E. (2015). cDNA library screening identifies protein interactors potentially involved in non-telomeric roles of PubMed DOI PMC

Dong F., Jiang J. (1998). Non-Rabl patterns of centromere and telomere distribution in the interphase nuclei of plant cells. PubMed DOI

Du H., Wang Y. B., Xie Y., Liang Z., Jiang S. J., Zhang S. S., et al. (2013). Genome-wide identification and evolutionary and expression analyses of MYB-related genes in land plants. PubMed DOI PMC

Dvořáčková M., Fojtova M., Fajkus J. (2015). Chromatin dynamics of plant telomeres and ribosomal genes. PubMed DOI

Dvorácková M., Rossignol P., Shaw P. J., Koroleva O. A., Doonan J. H., Fajkus J. (2010). AtTRB1, a telomeric DNA-binding protein from PubMed DOI

Fajkus J., Fulneckova J., Hulanova M., Berkova K., Riha K., Matyasek R. (1998). Plant cells express telomerase activity upon transfer to callus culture, without extensively changing telomere lengths. PubMed DOI

Fajkus J., Kovarik A., Kralovics R. (1996). Telomerase activity in plant cells. PubMed DOI

Fajkus J., Kovarik A., Kralovics R., Bezdek M. (1995). Organization of telomeric and subtelomeric chromatin in the higher plant PubMed DOI

Fajkus J., Sykorova E., Leitch A. R. (2005). Telomeres in evolution and evolution of telomeres. PubMed DOI

Fajkus J., Trifonov E. N. (2001). Columnar packing of telomeric nucleosomes. PubMed DOI

Fajkus P., Peska V., Sitova Z., Fulnecková J., Dvorackova M., Gogela R., et al. (2016). PubMed DOI

Feldbrugge M., Sprenger M., Hahlbrock K., Weisshaar B. (1997). PcMYB1, a novel plant protein containing a DNA-binding domain with one MYB repeat, interacts in vivo with a light-regulatory promoter unit. PubMed DOI

Fell V. L., Schild-Poulter C. (2015). The Ku heterodimer: function in DNA repair and beyond. PubMed DOI

Fojtova M., Peska V., Dobsakova Z., Mozgova I., Fajkus J., Sykorova E. (2011). Molecular analysis of T-DNA insertion mutants identified putative regulatory elements in the AtTERT gene. PubMed DOI PMC

Fojtova M., Sykorova E., Najdekrova L., Polanska P., Zachova D., Vagnerova R., et al. (2015). Telomere dynamics in the lower plant PubMed DOI

Foyer C. H., Karpinska B., Krupinska K. (2014). The functions of WHIRLY1 and REDOX-RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1 in cross tolerance responses in plants: a hypothesis. PubMed DOI PMC

Freeling M. (2009). Bias in plant gene content following different sorts of duplication: tandem, whole-genome, segmental, or by transposition. PubMed DOI

Fu D., Collins K. (2007). Purification of human telomerase complexes identifies factors involved in telomerase biogenesis and telomere length regulation. PubMed DOI PMC

Fulcher N., Riha K. (2016). Using centromere mediated genome elimination to elucidate the funcional redudancy of candidate telomere binding proteins in PubMed DOI PMC

Fulneckova J., Fajkus J. (2000). Inhibition of plant telomerase by telomere-binding proteins from nuclei of telomerase-negative tissues. PubMed DOI

Fulnecková J., Sevcíková T., Fajkus J., Lukesová A., Lukes M., Vlcek C., et al. (2013). A broad phylogenetic survey unveils the diversity and evolution of telomeres in eukaryotes. PubMed DOI PMC

Fulnečková J., Ševčikova T., Lukešová A., Sýkorová E. (2015). Transtitions between the PubMed DOI

Gallego M. E., Jalut N., White C. I. (2003). Telomerase dependence of telomere lengthening in Ku80 mutant PubMed DOI PMC

Gallego M. E., White C. I. (2001). RAD50 function is essential for telomere maintenance in PubMed DOI PMC

Garvik B., Carson M., Hartwell L. (1995). Single-stranded DNA arising at telomeres in cdc13 mutants may constitute a specific signal for the RAD9 checkpoint. PubMed DOI PMC

Giraud-Panis M. J., Pisano S., Benarroch-Popivker D., Pei B., Le Du M. H., et al. (2013). One identity or more for telomeres? PubMed DOI PMC

Giraud-Panis M. J., Teixeira M. T., Geli V., Gilson E. (2010). CST meets shelterin to keep telomeres in check. PubMed DOI

Grabowski E., Miao Y., Mulisch M., Krupinska K. (2008). Single-stranded DNA-binding protein Whirly1 in barley leaves is located in plastids and the nucleus of the same cell. PubMed DOI PMC

Grandin N., Charbonneau M. (2001). Hsp90 levels affect telomere length in yeast. PubMed DOI

Graumann K., Runions J., Evans D. E. (2010). Characterization of SUN-domain proteins at the higher plant nuclear envelope. PubMed DOI

Grossi S., Puglisi A., Dmitriev P. V., Lopes M., Shore D. (2004). Pol12, the B subunit of DNA polymerase alpha, functions in both telomere capping and length regulation. PubMed DOI PMC

Guo X., Deng Y., Lin Y., Cosme-Blanco W., Chan S., He H., et al. (2007). Dysfunctional telomeres activate an ATM-ATR-dependent DNA damage response to suppress tumorigenesis. PubMed PMC

Harrington L., McPhail T., Mar V., Zhou W., Oulton R., Bass M. B., et al. (1997). A mammalian telomerase-associated protein. PubMed DOI

He H., Multani A. S., Cosme-Blanco W., Tahara H., Ma J., Pathak S., et al. (2006). POT1b protects telomeres from end-to-end chromosomal fusions and aberrant homologous recombination. PubMed DOI PMC

He Q., Chen L., Xu Y., Yu W. (2013). Identification of centromeric and telomeric DNA-binding proteins in rice. PubMed DOI

He X. L., Zhang J. Z. (2005). Gene complexity and gene duplicability. PubMed DOI

Heller K., Kilian A., Piatyszek M. A., Kleinhofs A. (1996). Telomerase activity in plant extracts. PubMed DOI

Higgins J. D., Perry R. M., Barakate A., Ramsay L., Waugh R., Halpin C., et al. (2012). Spatiotemporal asymmetry of the meiotic program underlies the predominantly distal distribution of meiotic crossovers in barley. PubMed DOI PMC

Hirata Y., Suzuki C., Sakai S. (2004). Characterization and gene cloning of telomere-binding protein from tobacco BY-2 cells. PubMed DOI

Hofr C., Sultesova P., Zimmermann M., Mozgova I., Prochazkova Schrumpfova P., Wimmerova M., et al. (2009). Single-Myb-histone proteins from PubMed DOI

Holt S. E., Aisner D. L., Baur J., Tesmer V. M., Dy M., Ouellette M., et al. (1999). Functional requirement of p23 and Hsp90 in telomerase complexes. PubMed DOI PMC

Hong J. P., Byun M. Y., An K., Yang S. J., An G., Kim W. T. (2010). OsKu70 is associated with developmental growth and genome stability in rice. PubMed DOI PMC

Hong J. P., Byun M. Y., Koo D. H., An K., Bang J. W., Chung I. K., et al. (2007). Suppression of RICE TELOMERE BINDING PROTEIN 1 results in severe and gradual developmental defects accompanied by genome instability in rice. PubMed DOI PMC

Hrdlickova R., Nehyba J., Liss A. S., Bose H. R., Jr. (2006). Mechanism of telomerase activation by v-Rel and its contribution to transformation. PubMed DOI PMC

Hwang M. G., Chung I. K., Kang B. G., Cho M. H. (2001). Sequence-specific binding property of PubMed DOI

Hwang M. G., Kim K., Lee W. K., Cho M. H. (2005). AtTBP2 and AtTRP2 in PubMed DOI

Idziak D., Robaszkiewicz E., Hasterok R. (2015). Spatial distribution of centromeres and telomeres at interphase varies among PubMed DOI PMC

Janouskova E., Necasova I., Pavlouskova J., Zimmermann M., Hluchy M., Marini V., et al. (2015). Human Rap1 modulates TRF2 attraction to telomeric DNA. PubMed DOI PMC

Kaminker P. G., Kim S. H., Desprez P. Y., Campisi J. (2009). A novel form of the telomere-associated protein TIN2 localizes to the nuclear matrix. PubMed DOI PMC

Kang S. S., Kwon T., Kwon D. Y., Do S. I. (1999). Akt protein kinase enhances human telomerase activity through phosphorylation of telomerase reverse transcriptase subunit. PubMed DOI

Kannan K., Nelson A. D., Shippen D. E. (2008). Dyskerin is a component of the PubMed DOI PMC

Karamysheva Z. N., Surovtseva Y. V., Vespa L., Shakirov E. V., Shippen D. E. (2004). A C-terminal Myb extension domain defines a novel family of double-strand telomeric DNA-binding proteins in PubMed DOI

Kasbek C., Wang F., Price C. M. (2013). Human TEN1 maintains telomere integrity and functions in genome-wide replication restart. PubMed DOI PMC

Kazda A., Zellinger B., Rossler M., Derboven E., Kusenda B., Riha K. (2012). Chromosome end protection by blunt-ended telomeres. PubMed DOI PMC

Kim J. H., Kim W. T., Chung I. K. (1998). Rice proteins that bind single-stranded G-rich telomere DNA. PubMed DOI

Kiss T., Fayet-Lebaron E., Jady B. E. (2010). Box H/ACA small ribonucleoproteins. PubMed DOI

Ko S., Jun S. H., Bae H., Byun J. S., Han W., Park H., et al. (2008). Structure of the DNA-binding domain of NgTRF1 reveals unique features of plant telomere-binding proteins. PubMed DOI PMC

Koonin E. V. (2010). Preview. The incredible expanding ancestor of eukaryotes. PubMed DOI PMC

Kovarik A., Fajkus J., Koukalova B., Bezdek M. (1996). Species-specific evolution of telomeric and rDNA repeats in the tobacco composite genome. PubMed DOI

Krause K., Kilbienski I., Mulisch M., Rodiger A., Schafer A., Krupinska K. (2005). DNA-binding proteins of the Whirly family in PubMed DOI

Krutilina R. I., Oei S., Buchlow G., Yau P. M., Zalensky A. O., Zalenskaya I. A., et al. (2001). A negative regulator of telomere-length protein trf1 is associated with interstitial (TTAGGG)n blocks in immortal Chinese hamster ovary cells. PubMed DOI

Kuchar M., Fajkus J. (2004). Interactions of putative telomere-binding proteins in PubMed DOI

Kwon C., Chung I. K. (2004). Interaction of an PubMed DOI

Kwon C., Kwon K., Chung I. K., Kim S. Y., Cho M. H., Kang B. G. (2004). Characterization of single stranded telomeric DNA-binding proteins in cultured soybean ( PubMed

Lamarche B. J., Orazio N. I., Weitzman M. D. (2010). The MRN complex in double-strand break repair and telomere maintenance. PubMed DOI PMC

Lazzerini-Denchi E., Sfeir A. (2016). Stop pulling my strings – what telomeres taught us about the DNA damage response. PubMed DOI PMC

Lee J. H., Kim J. H., Kim W. T., Kang B. G., Chung I. K. (2000). Characterization and developmental expression of single-stranded telomeric DNA-binding proteins from mung bean ( PubMed DOI

Lee L. Y., Wu F. H., Hsu C. T., Shen S. C., Yeh H. Y., Liao D. C., et al. (2012). Screening a cDNA library for protein-protein interactions directly in planta. PubMed DOI PMC

Lee W. K., Cho M. H. (2016). Telomere-binding protein regulates the chromosome ends through the interaction with histone deacetylases in PubMed DOI PMC

Lee W. K., Yun J. H., Lee W., Cho M. H. (2012). DNA-binding domain of AtTRB2 reveals unique features of a single Myb histone protein family that binds to both PubMed DOI

Lee Y. W., Kim W. T. (2010). Tobacco GTBP1, a homolog of human heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein, protects telomeres from aberrant homologous recombination. PubMed DOI PMC

Lee Y. W., Kim W. T. (2013). Telomerase-dependent 3′ G-strand overhang maintenance facilitates GTBP1-mediated telomere protection from misplaced homologous recombination. PubMed DOI PMC

Leehy K. A., Lee J. R., Song X., Renfrew K. B., Shippen D. E. (2013). MERISTEM DISORGANIZATION1 encodes TEN1, an essential telomere protein that modulates telomerase processivity in PubMed DOI PMC

Lei M., Baumann P., Cech T. R. (2002). Cooperative binding of single-stranded telomeric DNA by the Pot1 protein of PubMed DOI

Lermontova I., Schubert V., Bornke F., Macas J., Schubert I. (2007). PubMed DOI

Linger B. R., Price C. M. (2009). Conservation of telomere protein complexes: shuffling through evolution. PubMed DOI PMC

Lugert T., Werr W. (1994). A novel DNA-binding domain in the Shrunken initiator-binding protein (IBP1). PubMed DOI

Maï M. E., Wagner K. D., Michiels J. F., Ambrosetti D., Borderie A., Destree S., et al. (2014). The telomeric protein TRF2 regulates Angiogenesis by binding and activating the PDGFRβ promoter. PubMed DOI

Maillet G., White C. I., Gallego M. E. (2006). Telomere-length regulation in inter-ecotype crosses of PubMed DOI

Majerova E., Fojtova M., Mozgova I., Bittova M., Fajkus J. (2011). Hypomethylating drugs efficiently decrease cytosine methylation in telomeric DNA and activate telomerase without affecting telomere lengths in tobacco cells. PubMed DOI

Mandakova T., Lysak M. A. (2008). Chromosomal phylogeny and karyotype evolution in x = 7 crucifer species (Brassicaceae). PubMed DOI PMC

Marian C. O., Bass H. W. (2005). The terminal acidic SANT 1 (Tacs1) gene of maize is expressed in tissues containing meristems and encodes an acidic SANT domain similar to some chromatin-remodeling complex proteins. PubMed DOI

Marian C. O., Bordoli S. J., Goltz M., Santarella R. A., Jackson L. P., Danilevskaya O., et al. (2003). The maize single myb histone 1 gene, Smh1, belongs to a novel gene family and encodes a protein that binds telomere DNA repeats in vitro. PubMed PMC

Martinez P., Thanasoula M., Carlos A. R., Gomez-Lopez G., Tejera A. M., Schoeftner S., et al. (2010). Mammalian Rap1 controls telomere function and gene expression through binding to telomeric and extratelomeric sites. PubMed DOI PMC

Martinez-Perez E., Shaw P., Reader S., Aragon-Alcaide L., Miller T., Moore G. (1999). Homologous chromosome pairing in wheat. PubMed

Mignon-Ravix C., Depetris D., Delobel B., Croquette M. F., Mattei M. G. (2002). A human interstitial telomere associates in vivo with specific TRF2 and TIN2 proteins. PubMed DOI

Mimori T., Akizuki M., Yamagata H., Inada S., Yoshida S., Homma M. (1981). Characterization of a high molecular weight acidic nuclear protein recognized by autoantibodies in sera from patients with polymyositis-scleroderma overlap. PubMed DOI PMC

Moore J. (2009).

Moriguchi R., Kanahama K., Kanayama Y. (2006). Characterization and expression analysis of the tomato telomere-binding protein LeTBP1. DOI

Morse R. H. (2000). RAP, RAP, open up! New wrinkles for RAP1 in yeast. PubMed

Mozgova I., Schrumpfova P. P., Hofr C., Fajkus J. (2008). Functional characterization of domains in AtTRB1, a putative telomere-binding protein in PubMed DOI

Najdekrova L., Siroky J. (2012). NBS1 plays a synergistic role with telomerase in the maintenance of telomeres in PubMed DOI PMC

Nelson A. D. J. (2012).

Nelson A. D. J., Forsythe E. S., Gan X., Tsiantis M., Beilstein M. A. (2014). Extending the model of PubMed DOI

Oguchi K., Tamura K., Takahashi H. (2004). Characterization of PubMed DOI

Olivier M., Da Ines O., Amiard S., Serra H., Goubely C., White C., et al. (2016). The structure-specific endonucleases MUS81 and SEND1 ere essential for telomere stability in PubMed DOI PMC

Ottaviani A., Gilson E., Magdinier F. (2008). Telomeric position effect: from the yeast paradigm to human pathologies? PubMed DOI

Peska V., Fajkus P., Fojtova M., Dvorackova M., Hapala J., Dvoracek V., et al. (2015). Characterisation of an unusual telomere motif (TTTTTTAGGG)n in the plant Cestrum elegans (Solanaceae), a species with a large genome. PubMed DOI

Peska V., Schrumpfova P. P., Fajkus J. (2011). Using the telobox to search for plant telomere binding proteins. PubMed DOI

Peska V., Sykorova E., Fajkus J. (2008). Two faces of Solanaceae telomeres: a comparison between PubMed DOI

Phillips D., Nibau C., Wnetrzak J., Jenkins G. (2012). High resolution analysis of meiotic chromosome structure and behaviour in barley ( PubMed DOI PMC

Pisano S., Galati A., Cacchione S. (2008). Telomeric nucleosomes: forgotten players at chromosome ends. PubMed DOI PMC

Podlevsky J. D., Bley C. J., Omana R. V., Qi X., Chen J. J. (2008). The telomerase database. PubMed DOI PMC

Price C. M., Boltz K. A., Chaiken M. F., Stewart J. A., Beilstein M. A., Shippen D. E. (2010). Evolution of CST function in telomere maintenance. PubMed DOI PMC

Price C. M., Cech T. R. (1987). Telomeric DNA-protein interactions of PubMed DOI

Qi H., Zakian V. A. (2000). The PubMed PMC

Rabl C. (1885). Uber Zelltheilung.

Recker J., Knoll A., Puchta H. (2014). The PubMed DOI PMC

Ren S., Johnston J. S., Shippen D. E., McKnight T. D. (2004). TELOMERASE ACTIVATOR1 induces telomerase activity and potentiates responses to auxin in PubMed DOI PMC

Ren S., Mandadi K. K., Boedeker A. L., Rathore K. S., McKnight T. D. (2007). Regulation of telomerase in PubMed DOI PMC

Renfrew K. B., Song X., Lee J. R., Arora A., Shippen D. E. (2014). POT1a and components of CST engage telomerase and regulate its activity in PubMed DOI PMC

Richards E. J., Ausubel F. M. (1988). Isolation of a higher eukaryotic telomere from PubMed DOI

Riha K., Fajkus J., Siroky J., Vyskot B. (1998). Developmental control of telomere lengths and telomerase activity in plants. PubMed DOI PMC

Riha K., McKnight T. D., Fajkus J., Vyskot B., Shippen D. E. (2000). Analysis of the G-overhang structures on plant telomeres: evidence for two distinct telomere architectures. PubMed DOI

Riha K., Watson J. M., Parkey J., Shippen D. E. (2002). Telomere length deregulation and enhanced sensitivity to genotoxic stress in PubMed DOI PMC

Rossignol P., Collier S., Bush M., Shaw P., Doonan J. H. (2007). PubMed DOI

Rotkova G., Sykorova E., Fajkus J. (2009). Protect and regulate: Recent findings on plant POT1-like proteins. DOI

Ruckova E., Friml J., Prochazkova Schrumpfova P., Fajkus J. (2008). Role of alternative telomere lengthening unmasked in telomerase knock-out mutant plants. PubMed DOI

Schmidt J. C., Cech T. R. (2015). Human telomerase: biogenesis, trafficking, recruitment, and activation. PubMed DOI PMC

Schober H., Ferreira H., Kalck V., Gehlen L. R., Gasser S. M. (2009). Yeast telomerase and the SUN domain protein Mps3 anchor telomeres and repress subtelomeric recombination. PubMed DOI PMC

Schrumpfova P., Kuchar M., Mikova G., Skrisovska L., Kubicarova T., Fajkus J. (2004). Characterization of two PubMed DOI

Schrumpfova P. P., Kuchar M., Palecek J., Fajkus J. (2008). Mapping of interaction domains of putative telomere-binding proteins AtTRB1 and AtPOT1b from PubMed DOI

Schrumpfova P. P., Vychodilova I., Dvorackova M., Majerska J., Dokladal L., Schorova S., et al. (2014). Telomere repeat binding proteins are functional components of PubMed DOI PMC

Schrumpfova P. P., Vychodilova I., Hapala J., Schorova S., Dvoracek V., Fajkus J. (2016). Telomere binding protein TRB1 is associated with promoters of translation machinery genes in vivo. PubMed DOI

Schwacke R., Fischer K., Ketelsen B., Krupinska K., Krause K. (2007). Comparative survey of plastid and mitochondrial targeting properties of transcription factors in PubMed DOI

Sfeir A. (2012). Telomeres at a glance. PubMed DOI PMC

Shakirov E. V., McKnight T. D., Shippen D. E. (2009a). POT1-independent single-strand telomeric DNA binding activities in Brassicaceae. PubMed DOI PMC

Shakirov E. V., Perroud P. F., Nelson A. D., Cannell M. E., Quatrano R. S., Shippen D. E. (2010). Protection of telomeres 1 is required for telomere integrity in the moss PubMed DOI PMC

Shakirov E. V., Song X., Joseph J. A., Shippen D. E. (2009b). POT1 proteins in green algae and land plants: DNA-binding properties and evidence of co-evolution with telomeric DNA. PubMed DOI PMC

Shakirov E. V., Shippen D. E. (2004). Length regulation and dynamics of individual telomere tracts in wild-type PubMed DOI PMC

Shakirov E. V., Surovtseva Y. V., Osbun N., Shippen D. E. (2005). The PubMed DOI PMC

Simonet T., Zaragosi L. E., Philippe C., Lebrigand K., Schouteden C., Augereau A., et al. (2011). The human TTAGGG repeat factors 1 and 2 bind to a subset of interstitial telomeric sequences and satellite repeats. PubMed DOI PMC

Smith S., Giriat I., Schmitt A., de Lange T. (1998). Tankyrase, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase at human telomeres. PubMed DOI

Smogorzewska A., van Steensel B., Bianchi A., Oelmann S., Schaefer M. R., Schnapp G., et al. (2000). Control of human telomere length by TRF1 and TRF2. PubMed DOI PMC

Song X., Leehy K., Warrington R. T., Lamb J. C., Surovtseva Y. V., Shippen D. E. (2008). STN1 protects chromosome ends in PubMed DOI PMC

Starr D. A., Hermann G. J., Malone C. J., Fixsen W., Priess J. R., Horvitz H. R., et al. (2001). unc-83 encodes a novel component of the nuclear envelope and is essential for proper nuclear migration. PubMed

Stewart J. A., Wang F., Chaiken M. F., Kasbek C., Chastain P. D., II, Wright W. E., et al. (2012). Human CST promotes telomere duplex replication and general replication restart after fork stalling. PubMed DOI PMC

Surovtseva Y. V., Churikov D., Boltz K. A., Song X., Lamb J. C., Warrington R., et al. (2009). Conserved telomere maintenance component 1 interacts with STN1 and maintains chromosome ends in higher eukaryotes. PubMed DOI PMC

Surovtseva Y. V., Shakirov E. V., Vespa L., Osbun N., Song X., Shippen D. E. (2007). PubMed DOI PMC

Sykorova E., Fajkus J. (2009). Structure-function relationships in telomerase genes. PubMed DOI

Sykorova E., Fulneckova J., Mokros P., Fajkus J., Fojtova M., Peska V. (2012). Three TERT genes in PubMed DOI

Sykorova E., Leitch A. R., Fajkus J. (2006). Asparagales telomerases which synthesize the human type of telomeres. PubMed DOI

Sykorova E., Lim K. Y., Kunicka Z., Chase M. W., Bennett M. D., Fajkus J., et al. (2003). Telomere variability in the monocotyledonous plant order Asparagales. PubMed DOI PMC

Tamura K., Goto C., Hara-Nishimura I. (2015). Recent advances in understanding plant nuclear envelope proteins involved in nuclear morphology. PubMed DOI

Tamura K., Liu H., Takahashi H. (1999). Auxin induction of cell cycle regulated activity of tobacco telomerase. PubMed DOI

Tani A., Murata M. (2005). Alternative splicing of Pot1 (Protection of telomere)-like genes in PubMed DOI

Taylor J. S., Raes J. (2004). Duplication and divergence: the evolution of new genes and old ideas. PubMed DOI

Tiang C. L., He Y., Pawlowski W. P. (2012). Chromosome organization and dynamics during interphase, mitosis, and meiosis in plants. PubMed DOI PMC

Ting N. S., Yu Y., Pohorelic B., Lees-Miller S. P., Beattie T. L. (2005). Human Ku70/80 interacts directly with hTR, the RNA component of human telomerase. PubMed DOI PMC

To T. K., Kim J. M., Matsui A., Kurihara Y., Morosawa T., Ishida J., et al. (2011). PubMed DOI PMC

Tomaska L., Nosek J., Kramara J., Griffith J. D. (2009). Telomeric circles: universal players in telomere maintenance? PubMed DOI PMC

Tran D. T., Cao H. X., Jovtchev G., Neumann P., Novak P., Fojtova M., et al. (2015). Centromere and telomere sequence alterations reflect the rapid genome evolution within the carnivorous plant genus PubMed DOI

Uringa E. J., Youds J. L., Lisaingo K., Lansdorp P. M., Boulton S. J. (2011). RTEL1: an essential helicase for telomere maintenance and the regulation of homologous recombination. PubMed DOI PMC

van der Fits L., Zhang H., Menke F. L., Deneka M., Memelink J. (2000). A PubMed DOI

Vannier J. B., Depeiges A., White C., Gallego M. E. (2009). ERCC1/XPF protects short telomeres from homologous recombination in PubMed DOI PMC

Vannier J. B., Pavicic-Kaltenbrunner V., Petalcorin M. I., Ding H., Boulton S. J. (2012). RTEL1 dismantles T loops and counteracts telomeric G4-DNA to maintain telomere integrity. PubMed DOI

Venteicher A. S., Meng Z., Mason P. J., Veenstra T. D., Artandi S. E. (2008). Identification of ATPases pontin and reptin as telomerase components essential for holoenzyme assembly. PubMed DOI PMC

Vespa L., Warrington R. T., Mokros P., Siroky J., Shippen D. E. (2007). ATM regulates the length of individual telomere tracts in PubMed DOI PMC

Vrbsky J., Akimcheva S., Watson J. M., Turner T. L., Daxinger L., Vyskot B., et al. (2010). siRNA-mediated methylation of PubMed DOI PMC

Wang H., Liu C., Cheng J., Liu J., Zhang L., He C., et al. (2016). PubMed DOI PMC

Wang Y., Ghosh G., Hendrickson E. A. (2009). Ku86 represses lethal telomere deletion events in human somatic cells. PubMed DOI PMC

Watson J. M., Shippen D. E. (2007). Telomere rapid deletion regulates telomere length in PubMed DOI PMC

Wei C., Price C. M. (2004). Cell cycle localization, dimerization, and binding domain architecture of the telomere protein cPot1. PubMed DOI PMC

Weiss H., Scherthan H. (2002). Aloe spp. - plants with vertebrate-like telomeric sequences. PubMed DOI

Wellinger R. J., Zakian V. A. (2012). Everything you ever wanted to know about PubMed DOI PMC

Wen R., Moore G., Shaw P. J. (2012). Centromeres cluster de novo at the beginning of meiosis in PubMed DOI PMC

Wu L., Multani A. S., He H., Cosme-Blanco W., Deng Y., Deng J. M., et al. (2006). Pot1 deficiency initiates DNA damage checkpoint activation and aberrant homologous recombination at telomeres. PubMed DOI

Yang D., Xiong Y., Kim H., He Q., Li Y., Chen R., et al. (2011). Human telomeric proteins occupy selective interstitial sites. PubMed DOI PMC

Yang S. W., Jin E., Chung I. K., Kim W. T. (2002). Cell cycle-dependent regulation of telomerase activity by auxin, abscisic acid and protein phosphorylation in tobacco BY-2 suspension culture cells. PubMed DOI

Yang S. W., Kim D. H., Lee J. J., Chun Y. J., Lee J. H., Kim Y. J., et al. (2003). Expression of the telomeric repeat binding factor gene NgTRF1 is closely coordinated with the cell division program in tobacco BY-2 suspension culture cells. PubMed DOI

Yang S. W., Kim S. K., Kim W. T. (2004). Perturbation of NgTRF1 expression induces apoptosis-like cell death in tobacco BY-2 cells and implicates NgTRF1 in the control of telomere length and stability. PubMed DOI PMC

Ye J., Renault V. M., Jamet K., Gilson E. (2014). Transcriptional outcome of telomere signalling. PubMed DOI

Yoo H. H., Kwon C., Lee M. M., Chung I. K. (2007). Single-stranded DNA binding factor AtWHY1 modulates telomere length homeostasis in PubMed DOI

Yu E. Y., Kim S. E., Kim J. H., Ko J. H., Cho M. H., Chung I. K. (2000). Sequence-specific DNA recognition by the Myb-like domain of plant telomeric protein RTBP1. PubMed DOI

Yun J. H., Lee W. K., Kim H., Kim E., Cheong C., Cho M. H., et al. (2014). Solution structure of telomere binding domain of AtTRB2 derived from PubMed DOI

Zachova D., Fojtova M., Dvorackova M., Mozgova I., Lermontova I., Peska V., et al. (2013). Structure-function relationships during transgenic telomerase expression in PubMed DOI

Zellinger B., Akimcheva S., Puizina J., Schirato M., Riha K. (2007). Ku suppresses formation of telomeric circles and alternative telomere lengthening in PubMed DOI

Zentgraf U. (1995). Telomere-binding proteins of PubMed DOI

Zhang P., Pazin M. J., Schwartz C. M., Becker K. G., Wersto R. P., Dilley C. M., et al. (2008). Nontelomeric TRF2-REST interaction modulates neuronal gene silencing and fate of tumor and stem cells. PubMed DOI PMC

Zhou X., Graumann K., Wirthmueller L., Jones J. D., Meier I. (2014). Identification of unique SUN-interacting nuclear envelope proteins with diverse functions in plants. PubMed DOI PMC

Zhou Y., Hartwig B., James G. V., Schneeberger K., Turck F. (2016). Complementary activities of TELOMERE REPEAT BINDING proteins and polycomb group complexes in transcriptional regulation of target genes. PubMed DOI PMC

Zhu Q. H., Ramm K., Shivakkumar R., Dennis E. S., Upadhyaya N. M. (2004). The ANTHER INDEHISCENCE1 gene encoding a single MYB domain protein is involved in anther development in rice. PubMed DOI PMC

Identification of the Sequence and the Length of Telomere DNA

Telomeres and Their Neighbors

Insights into the Karyotype Evolution of Charinidae, the Early-Diverging Clade of Whip Spiders (Arachnida: Amblypygi)

Composition and Function of Telomerase-A Polymerase Associated with the Origin of Eukaryotes

Telomeres in Plants and Humans: Not So Different, Not So Similar

Telomere elongation upon transfer to callus culture reflects the reprogramming of telomere stability control in Arabidopsis

An armadillo-domain protein participates in a telomerase interaction network