Silychristin is the second most abundant flavonolignan (after silybin) present in the fruits of Silybum marianum. A group of compounds containing silychristin (3) and its derivatives such as 2,3-dehydrosilychristin (4), 2,3-dehydroanhydrosilychristin (5), anhydrosilychristin (6), silyhermin (7), and isosilychristin (8) were studied. Physicochemical data of these compounds acquired at high resolution were compared. The absolute configuration of silyhermin (7) was proposed to be identical to silychristin A (3a) in ring D (10R,11S). The preparation of 2,3-dehydrosilychristin (4) was optimized. The Folin-Ciocalteau reduction and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays revealed silychristin and its analogues to be powerful antioxidants, which were found to be more potent than silybin and 2,3-dehydrosilybin. Compounds 4-6 exhibited inhibition of microsomal lipoperoxidation (IC50 4-6 μM). Moreover, compounds 4-8 were found to be almost noncytotoxic for 10 human cell lines of different histogenetic origins. On the basis of these results, compounds 3-6 are likely responsible for most of the antioxidant properties of silymarin attributed traditionally to silybin (silibinin).

CZ OPENSCREEN National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology Institute of Molecular Genetics Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ 142 20 Praha 4 Czech Republic

Institute of Microbiology Laboratory of Biotransformation Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ 142 20 Prague Czech Republic

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo náměstí 2 CZ 166 10 Prague Czech Republic

Stolařská 601 4 CZ 747 14 Ludgeřovice Czech Republic

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