Butyrate produced by the intestinal microbiota is essential for proper functioning of the intestinal immune system. Total dependence on parenteral nutrition (PN) is associated with numerous adverse effects, including severe microbial dysbiosis and loss of important butyrate producers. We hypothesised that a lack of butyrate produced by the gut microbiota may be compensated by its supplementation in PN mixtures. We tested whether i.v. butyrate administration would (a) positively modulate intestinal defence mechanisms and (b) counteract PN-induced dysbiosis. Male Wistar rats were randomised to chow, PN, and PN supplemented with 9 mM butyrate (PN+But) for 12 days. Antimicrobial peptides, mucins, tight junction proteins, and cytokine expression were assessed by RT-qPCR. T-cell subpopulations in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were analysed by flow cytometry. Microbiota composition was assessed in caecum content. Butyrate supplementation resulted in increased expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, claudin-7, E-cadherin), antimicrobial peptides (Defa 8, Rd5, RegIIIγ), and lysozyme in the ileal mucosa. Butyrate partially alleviated PN-induced intestinal barrier impairment and normalised IL-4, IL-10, and IgA mRNA expression. PN administration was associated with an increase in Tregs in MLN, which was normalised by butyrate. Butyrate increased the total number of CD4+ and decreased a relative amount of CD8+ memory T cells in MLN. Lack of enteral nutrition and PN administration led to a shift in caecal microbiota composition. Butyrate did not reverse the altered expression of most taxa but did influence the abundance of some potentially beneficial/pathogenic genera, which might contribute to its overall beneficial effect.
- MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- butyráty farmakologie MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- ileum účinky léků patologie MeSH
- kolon účinky léků patologie MeSH
- lymfatické uzliny účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- lymfocyty účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- messenger RNA genetika metabolismus MeSH
- modely u zvířat MeSH
- muciny biosyntéza MeSH
- Panethovy buňky účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- parenterální výživa * MeSH
- peptidy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- permeabilita MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- potravní doplňky * MeSH
- proteiny těsného spoje metabolismus MeSH
- regulace genové exprese účinky léků MeSH
- střeva patologie MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * účinky léků MeSH
- tenké střevo účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Germinal epithelium of seminiferous tubules in adult, infertile hypodactylous males displays significant reduction in the number of germ-line cells. Detection of apoptosis in the germ-line cells during postnatal differentiation was performed to elucidate the mechanism of the decreased number of germ cells in the testes of adult rats. Evaluation of DNA fragmentation and expression of activated caspase-3 in germ cells did not confirm marked germ cell death during the onset of spermatogenesis as a main cause of significant reduction of germ cells in Hd/Hd testes of adult males. The primary cause of spermatogenesis defect seems to be rather associated with a disorder in the cell cycle regulation and interrelation of germ-line cells with Sertoli cells.
- MeSH
- apoptóza MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mutantní kmeny potkanů MeSH
- mužská infertilita patologie patofyziologie MeSH
- spermatogeneze MeSH
- testis patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- glomerulus anatomie a histologie krevní zásobení MeSH
- kuřecí embryo MeSH
- mezonefros anatomie a histologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- kuřecí embryo MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
- MeSH
- elektronová mikroskopie metody využití MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- fluorescenční protilátková technika metody využití MeSH
- konexin 43 analýza MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- semenný epitel anatomie a histologie cytologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- MeSH
- glomerulus anatomie a histologie embryologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- kuřecí embryo anatomie a histologie embryologie MeSH
- ledvinové kanálky anatomie a histologie embryologie krevní zásobení MeSH
- mezonefros anatomie a histologie embryologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- kuřecí embryo anatomie a histologie embryologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
