Objective: Impulsivity, observed in patients with various psychiatric disorders, is a heterogeneous construct with different behavioral manifestations. Through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), this study tests hypotheses about relationships between dimensions of impulsivity measured using personality questionnaires and behavioral tests. Method: The study included 200 healthy people, 40 patients with borderline personality disorder, and 26 patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who underwent a comprehensive impulsivity test battery including the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, a Go-NoGo task, a stop-signal task, and a delay discounting task. Results: A CFA model comprising three self-reported and three behavioral latent variables reached a good fit. Both patient groups scored higher in the self-reported dimensions and impulsive choice; only the ADHD patients displayed impaired waiting and stopping impulsivity. Conclusions: Using the developed CFA model, it is possible to describe relations between impulsivity dimensions and show different impulsivity patterns in patient populations.
- MeSH
- hraniční porucha osobnosti * MeSH
- hyperkinetická porucha * MeSH
- impulzivní chování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osobnost MeSH
- zpráva o sobě MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Impulsivity is a core symptom of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Impulsivity is a heterogeneous concept, and a comprehensive evaluation of impulsivity dimensions is lacking in the literature. Moreover, it is unclear whether BPD patients manifest impaired cognitive functioning that might be associated with impulsivity in another patient group, such as ADHD, a frequent comorbidity of BPD. METHODS: We tested 39 patients with BPD without major psychiatric comorbidities and ADHD, 25 patients with ADHD, and 55 healthy controls (HC) using a test battery consisting of a self-report measure of impulsivity (UPPS-P questionnaire), behavioral measures of impulsivity - impulsive action (Go/NoGo task, stop signal task) and impulsive choice (delay discounting task, Iowa gambling task), and standardized measures of attention (d2 test), working memory (digit span), and executive functioning (Tower of London). RESULTS: Patients with BPD and ADHD, as compared with HC, manifested increased self-reported impulsivity except sensation seeking and increased impulsive choice; patients with ADHD but not BPD showed increased impulsive action and deficits in cognitive functioning. Negative urgency was increased in BPD as compared to both HC and ADHD groups and correlated with BPD severity. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with BPD without ADHD comorbidity had increased self-reported impulsivity and impulsive choice, but intact impulsive action and cognitive functioning. Controlling for ADHD comorbidity in BPD samples is necessary. Negative urgency is the most diagnostically specific impulsivity dimension in BPD.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- exekutivní funkce MeSH
- hraniční porucha osobnosti psychologie MeSH
- hyperkinetická porucha psychologie MeSH
- impulzivní chování * MeSH
- kognice * MeSH
- krátkodobá paměť MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- rozhodování MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- zpráva o sobě MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Objective: Impulsivity, observed in patients with various psychiatric disorders, is a heterogeneous construct with different behavioral manifestations. Through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), this study tests hypotheses about relationships between dimensions of impulsivity measured using personality questionnaires and behavioral tests. Method: The study included 200 healthy people, 40 patients with borderline personality disorder, and 26 patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who underwent a comprehensive impulsivity test battery including the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, a Go-NoGo task, a stop-signal task, and a delay discounting task. Results: A CFA model comprising three self-reported and three behavioral latent variables reached a good fit. Both patient groups scored higher in the self-reported dimensions and impulsive choice; only the ADHD patients displayed impaired waiting and stopping impulsivity. Conclusions: Using the developed CFA model, it is possible to describe relations between impulsivity dimensions and show different impulsivity patterns in patient populations.
OBJECTIVES: Emotion regulation is one of the most prevalent objectives for real-time fMRI neurofeedback (rt-fMRI-NF) studies. The existing studies differ in a number of methodological parameters. This study provides a literature review of the main parameters and results of studies using rt-fMRI-NF for emotion regulation enhancement. METHOD: A search of the Web of Science database up through November 8, 2018, identified 144 articles written in English, 89 of which were excluded as irrelevant for this study. The remaining 51 original studies and four secondary analyses of previously published original studies were included in the literature review. The selection of target brain areas, target populations, emotion regulation protocols, NF presentation, control group types, and emotion regulation instructions were examined in relation to achieved brain regulation and changes in cognitive or clinical outcomes. Study results were evaluated in terms of their statistical robustness. RESULTS: The results show that healthy people are able to regulate their brain activity in the presence of rt-fMRI-NF from various brain regions related to emotion regulation, including the amygdala, anterior insula, and anterior cingulate cortex. The regulation of brain activity using rt-fMRI-NF from prefrontal-limbic connectivity or from individually navigated brain areas is feasible as well. Most studies that used a control group show that rt-fMRI-NF actually induces some effects on brain regulation, cognitive variables, and clinical variables. Generally, the success of ROI regulation during NF training is related to the combination of target brain region, the type of emotion regulation task, and the population undergoing the training. In terms of patient groups, the strongest support for the beneficial effects of rt-fMRI-NF has been shown in increased positive emotion experiencing in patients with depression and in decreased anxiety in patients with anxiety disorders. Symptom reduction following NF training has been also reported in patients with PTSD, BPD, and schizophrenia, but direct comparisons with control groups in these studies makes it impossible to evaluate the added value of NF. Studies often do not report all the relevant analyses for evaluating NF success and many studies lack statistical robustness. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, rt-fMRI-NF seems a promising tool for emotion regulation enhancement with the potential to induce long-term symptom reduction in patients with various mental disorders. Preplanning of statistical analyses, careful interpretations of the results, and evaluations of the NF effect on symptom reduction in patient groups is recommended.
- MeSH
- duševní poruchy terapie MeSH
- emoce fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- mozek fyziologie MeSH
- neurofeedback metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
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x
- Klíčová slova
- Barrattova škála, škála UPPS-P,
- MeSH
- faktorová analýza statistická MeSH
- impulzivní chování klasifikace MeSH
- impulzivní poruchy * diagnóza klasifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- psychometrie * MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Článek poskytuje přehled současného dominantního pojetí impulzivity, které rozlišuje osobnostní a behaviorální modely impulzivního chování. V rámci osobnostních modelů je impulzivita měřena sebeposuzovacími dotazníky. Behaviorální modely dále rozdělují motorickou a rozhodovací impulzivitu. Oba podtypy impulzivity jsou měřeny pomocí různých behaviorálních testů. Článek se podrobně věnuje nejčastěji používaným metodám v jednotlivých kategoriích (Barrattova škála, UPPS-P škála, Go/NoGo Task, Stop Signal Task a Delay Dis42 / Přehledové studie counting Task) a vybraným metodologickým aspektům měření impulzivity, které mohou přispívat k heterogenitě výsledků v současné literatuře (zejména vysoká variabilita parametrů testů a nedostatek výzkumů kombinujících různé testy u různých populací). Diskutovány jsou také vztahy mezi jednotlivými dimenzemi impulzivity a specifické typy impulzivity, jako je emoční impulzivita nebo impulzivita zaměřená na konkrétní podněty (např. jídlo nebo alkohol), jejichž existence může vysvětlit, proč se v některých případech nedaří zachytit impulzivitu testovými metodami u pacientů, kteří zjevně potížemi se sebekontrolou trpí. Článek dále navrhuje možnosti budoucího směřování výzkumu impulzivního chování s důrazem na odlišitelnost typů impulzivity a predikci rizikového chování.
The article provides a review of current dominant view on impulsivity which distinguishes personality and behavioral models. In the context of personality models, impulsivity is measured by self-report questionnaires. Behavioral models further divide impulsivity into impulsive action and impulsive choice. Both impulsivity subtypes are measured by different behavioral tests. The present article focuses in detail on the most frequently used tests in the individual categories (Barratt Scale, UPPS-P Scale, Go/NoGo Task, Stop Signal Task and Delay Discounting Task) and on selected methodological aspects of impulsivity measuring which can contribute to heterogeneous results in the current literature (especially high test parameters variability and the lack of studies comparing different tests in different populations). The review also discusses the relations between different impulsivity dimensions and specific impulsivity types, such as emotional impulsivity or impulsivity targeted on specific stimuli (e.g. food or alcohol). The existence of such impulsivity subtypes can explain why impulsivity tests sometimes won’t detect impulsivity in people who clearly suffer from poor self-control. The article suggests future directions of impulsivity research with emphasis on specific impulsivity types detection and risky behaviour prediction.
- Klíčová slova
- impulzivita,
- MeSH
- hodnocení výsledků péče pacientem MeSH
- impulzivní chování * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odložení výhody MeSH
- psychiatrické posuzovací škály * MeSH
- psychologické modely MeSH
- psychologické testy * MeSH
- terminologie jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
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