Replication stress (RS) is a major driver of genomic instability and tumorigenesis. Here, we investigated whether RS induced by the nucleotide analog fludarabine and specific kinase inhibitors [e.g. targeting checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) or ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR)] led to apoptosis or senescence in four cancer cell lines differing in TP53 mutation status and expression of lamin A/C (LA/C). RS resulted in uneven chromatin condensation in all cell types, as evidenced by the presence of metaphasic chromosomes with unrepaired DNA damage, as well as detection of less condensed chromatin in the same nucleus, frequent ultrafine anaphase bridges, and micronuclei. We observed that responses to these chromatin changes may be distinct in individual cell types, suggesting that expression of lamin A/C and lamin B1 (LB1) may play an important role in the transition of damaged cells to senescence. MCF7 mammary carcinoma cells harboring wild-type p53 (WT-p53) and LA/C responded to RS by transition to senescence with a significant reduction of lamin B receptor and LB1 proteins. In contrast, a lymphoid cancer cell line WSU-NHL (WT-p53) lacking LA/C and expressing low levels of LB1 died after several hours, while lines MEC-1 and SU-DHL-4, both with mutated p53, and SU-DHL-4 with mutations in LA/C, died at different rates by apoptosis. Our results show that, in addition to being influenced by p53 mutation status, the response to RS (apoptosis or senescence) may also be influenced by lamin A/C and LB1 status.
- MeSH
- apoptóza fyziologie MeSH
- lamin typ A metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- MFC-7 buňky MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- nádorový supresorový protein p53 genetika MeSH
- replikace DNA fyziologie MeSH
- stárnutí buněk fyziologie MeSH
- vidarabin analogy a deriváty farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Anchoring of heterochromatin to the nuclear envelope appears to be an important process ensuring the spatial organization of the chromatin structure and genome function in eukaryotic nuclei. Proteins of the inner nuclear membrane (INM) mediating these interactions are able to recognize lamina-associated heterochromatin domains (termed LAD) and simultaneously bind either lamin A/C or lamin B1. One of these proteins is the lamin B receptor (LBR) that binds lamin B1 and tethers heterochromatin to the INM in embryonic and undifferentiated cells. It is replaced by lamin A/C with specific lamin A/C binding proteins at the beginning of cell differentiation and in differentiated cells. Our functional experiments in cancer cell lines show that heterochromatin in cancer cells is tethered to the INM by LBR, which is downregulated together with lamin B1 at the onset of cell transition to senescence. The downregulation of these proteins in senescent cells leads to the detachment of centromeric repetitive sequences from INM, their relocation to the nucleoplasm, and distension. In cells, the expression of LBR and LB1 is highly coordinated as evidenced by the reduction of both proteins in LBR shRNA lines. The loss of the constitutive heterochromatin structure containing LADs results in changes in chromatin architecture and genome function and can be the reason for the permanent loss of cell proliferation in senescence.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Cellular transition to senescence is associated with extensive chromatin reorganization and changes in gene expression. Recent studies appear to imply an association of lamin B1 (LB1) reduction with chromatin rearrangement in human fibroblasts promoted to senescence, while the mechanisms and structural features of these relationships have not yet been clarified. In this work, we examined the functions of LB1 and the lamin B receptor (LBR) in human cancer cells. We found that both LB1 and LBR tend to deplete during cancer cell transfer to senescence by γ-irradiation. A functional study employing silencing of LBR by small hairpin ribonucleic acid (shRNA) constructs revealed reduced LB1 levels suggesting that the regulation of both proteins is interrelated. The reduced expression of LBR resulted in the relocation of centromeric heterochromatin (CSH) from the inner nuclear membrane (INM) to the nucleoplasm and is associated with its unfolding. This indicates that LBR tethers heterochromatin to INM in cycling cancer cells and that LB1 is an integral part of this tethering. Down-regulation of LBR and LB1 at the onset of senescence are thus necessary for the release of heterochromatin binding to lamina, resulting in changes in chromatin architecture and gene expression. However, the senescence phenotype was not manifested in cell lines with reduced LBR and LB1 expression suggesting that other factors, such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, are needed to trigger senescence. We conclude that the primary response of cells to various stresses leading to senescence consists of the down-regulation of LBR and LB1 to attain reversal of the chromatin architecture.
- MeSH
- centromera metabolismus účinky záření ultrastruktura MeSH
- heterochromatin metabolismus účinky záření ultrastruktura MeSH
- jaderný obal metabolismus účinky záření ultrastruktura MeSH
- lamin typ B genetika metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- malá interferující RNA genetika metabolismus MeSH
- MFC-7 buňky MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- osteoblasty metabolismus patologie účinky záření MeSH
- receptory cytoplazmatické a nukleární antagonisté a inhibitory genetika metabolismus MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u nádorů * MeSH
- signální transdukce MeSH
- stárnutí buněk účinky záření MeSH
- záření gama MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Terminally-differentiated cells cease to proliferate and acquire specific sets of expressed genes and functions distinguishing them from less differentiated and cancer cells. Mature granulocytes show lobular structure of cell nuclei with highly condensed chromatin in which HP1 proteins are replaced by MNEI. These structural features of chromatin correspond to low level of gene expression and the loss of some important functions as DNA damage repair, shown in this work and, on the other hand, acquisition of a new specific function consisting in the release of chromatin extracellular traps in response to infection by pathogenic microbes. Granulocytic differentiation is incomplete in myeloid leukemia and is manifested by persistence of lower levels of HP1γ and HP1β isoforms. This immaturity is accompanied by acquisition of DDR capacity allowing to these incompletely differentiated multi-lobed neutrophils of AML patients to respond to induction of DSB by γ-irradiation. Immature granulocytes persist frequently in blood of treated AML patients in remission. These granulocytes contrary to mature ones do not release chromatin for NETs after activation with phorbol myristate-12 acetate-13 and do not exert the neutrophil function in immune defence. We suggest therefore the detection of HP1 expression in granulocytes of AML patients as a very sensitive indicator of their maturation and functionality after the treatment. Our results show that the changes in chromatin structure underlie a major transition in functioning of the genome in immature granulocytes. They show further that leukemia stem cells can differentiate ex vivo to mature granulocytes despite carrying the translocation BCR/ABL.
- MeSH
- akutní myeloidní leukemie genetika metabolismus patologie MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace * MeSH
- chromatin genetika MeSH
- chromozomální proteiny, nehistonové genetika metabolismus MeSH
- fluorescenční protilátková technika MeSH
- granulocyty metabolismus patologie MeSH
- hematopoetické kmenové buňky metabolismus patologie MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- messenger RNA genetika MeSH
- neutrofily patologie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
- poškození DNA * MeSH
- proliferace buněk MeSH
- tetradekanoylforbolacetát MeSH
- western blotting MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Francisella tularensis, z čeledi Francisellaceae, je etiologickým agens zoonózy tularémie, která je rozšířená po celé severní polokouli. V současné době je v rámci tohoto druhu odlišeno několik poddruhů s různou patogenitou a s různým geografickým rozšířením. V humánní medicíně se jedná o sporadické případy onemocnění nebo jen o lokální epidemie. Tularémie se svojí vysokou patogenitou pro člověka a možností snadného přenosu aerosolem, vodou či potravinami, je řazena mezi bakterie zneužitelné jako biologická zbraň. Kultivačně patří mezi kmeny náročné na složení kultivačních půd.
Francisella tularensis belongs to the family Francisellaceae. It is the aetiological agent of a zoonosis called tularaemia, spread throughout the northern hemisphere. Currently, several subspecies of F. tuiarensis may be distinguished with various pathogenicity and geographical distribution. In human medicine, only sporadic infections or local epidemics are reported. Given the fact that F. tuiarensis is highly pathogenic for humans and is easily spread by aerosol, water or food, it may be exploited as a biological weapon. It belongs to fastidious strains requiring specially prepared culture media.
- MeSH
- Francisella tularensis klasifikace patogenita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- tularemie dějiny epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- zoonózy mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Francisella tuiarensis, z čeledi Francisellaceae, je etiologickým agens zoonózy tularémie, která je rozšířená po celé severní polokouli. Její nebezpečí spočívá v extrémně nízké infekční dávce (10 CFU), schopnosti způsobit vážné onemocnění a v neléčených případech i smrt. Cesty přenosu na člověka mají vždy spojitost se zvířaty, ať už jde o přímý kontakt s nimi nebo kontakt s jejich znečištěným životním prostředím. Klinické příznaky tohoto onemocnění mohou být velmi různé a hší se podle místa vstupu agens do organizmu. Tularémie může probíhat i bez lokálních příznaků nebo se příznaky jednotlivých klinických forem mohou kombinovat. Kultivačně patří francisela mezi bakterie náročné na složení kultivačních půd a její záchyt pomocí hemokultivace je vzácný.
Francisella tularensis, from the family Francisellaceae, is the aetiological agent of a zoonosis called tularaemia, spread throughout the northern hemisphere. The infectious dose is extremely low (10 CFU/ml) and the infection causes severe diseases or even death if untreated. The transmission to humans is always related to animals, either by a direct contact or by a contact with the environment contaminated by them. Clinical symptoms of the disease can vary depending on the point of entry of the infection. Tularaemia may also occur without any local symptoms or can be manifested by a combination of the symptoms of various typical clinical forms. F. tularensis is a fastidious bacterium and it is rarely diagnosed by blood culture.
- MeSH
- bakteriální infekce diagnóza krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- tularemie diagnóza terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- MeSH
- granulocyty MeSH
- heterochromatin MeSH
- histony MeSH
- krevní buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metylace MeSH
- myeloidní leukemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- buněčné jádro genetika ultrastruktura MeSH
- chromatin genetika ultrastruktura MeSH
- DNA nádorová genetika MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- hybridizace in situ MeSH
- kolorektální nádory genetika patologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lidské chromozomy genetika ultrastruktura MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
Závěrečná zpráva o řešení grantu Interní grantové agentury MZ ČR
Přeruš. str. : tab., grafy ; 32 cm
Struktura a lokalizace genů,jejichž mutace vedou k vývoji kolorektálního karcinomu, bude zkoumána v buněčných jádrech kolorektální tkáně a lymfocytů postižených osob a osob se zvýšeným rizikem predispozice pomocí fluorescenční mikroskopie v reálném čase.; Location of principal genes involved in the development of colorectal carcinoma in cell nuclei of individuals with increased risk of cancer induction will be analyzed by means of confocal fluorescence microscopy in real time.
- MeSH
- amplifikace genu MeSH
- chromatin MeSH
- kolorektální nádory genetika MeSH
- molekulární sondy - techniky MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery MeSH
- vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- fyzika, biofyzika
- onkologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR