Zubní kaz (ZK) je jedno z nejčastějších chronických infekčních onemocnění dětského věku. Kromě nadměrného příjmu sacharidů a přítomnosti zubního mikrobiálního plaku se za další významné rizikové faktory vzniku ZK pokládá složení tvrdých zubních tkání a sliny. Slina odráží fyziologický a patologický stav dutiny ústní a hraje významnou roli při vzniku a prevenci zubního kazu. Možnými biomarkery zubního kazu je řada měřitelných vlastností sliny - množství sliny, pH sliny, pufrovací kapacita, přítomnost a množství kariogenních mikroorganismů. Hlavními složkami sliny jsou voda a různé anorganické a organické substance. Za významné organické látky se považují antimikrobiální peptidy, slinné glykoproteiny a proteiny s enzymatickou aktivitou. Tyto látky mohou sloužit jako zdroj biomarkerů pro stanovení rizika vzniku zubního kazu. Slinné biomarkery mohou být využity nejen pro predikci, diagnostiku, prognózu a ošetřování zubního kazu, ale i pro hodnocení výsledků léčení. Cílem dalších výzkumů bude charakterizovat vztahy mezi jednotlivými proteiny, jejich interakce a určit, jakým způsobem ovlivňují vznik a progresi zubního kazu.
Dental caries is one of the most common chronic infectious diseases of childhood. In addition to excessive sugar intake and presence of dental microbial plaque, other risk factors related to dental caries are the composition of hard dental tissues and saliva. Saliva can reflect the physiological and pathological state of the oral cavity and plays a crucial role in the initiation of dental caries and protection against dental caries. Many measurable characteristics of saliva are potential biomarkers for dental caries - salivary flow rate, salivary pH, buffering capacity, evaluation of the presence and amount of cariogenic bacteria. The major salivary components are water and various, inorganic and organic substances. The most important organic components of saliva comprise antibacterial peptides, salivary glycoproteins, salivary proteins and proteins with enzymatic activity. These substances can serve as a source of biomarkers for caries risk assessment. Salivary biomarkers may be exploited for the prediction, diagnosis, prognosis and management of dental caries, as well as for evaluating the outcome of therapeutic regimens. Future research is essential to characterize the interaction of salivary proteins, and determine how these affect the initiation and development of dental caries.
Často se vyskytující cystické léze měkkých tkání dutiny ústní novorozenců a kojenců mohou vyvolat diagnostické rozpaky i obavy a strach rodičů. Cystické léze měkkých tkání dutiny ústní jsou často chybně diagnostikovány nebo ponechány bez léčení, protože neonatologové, pediatři a zubní lékaři nemají dostatek zkušeností a znalostí, které se týkají patologických lézí v dutině ústní u novorozenců a kojenců. Většina cyst je asymptomatická a zpravidla vymizí spontánně. Pečlivé klinické vyšetření dutiny ústní a znalost klinických symptomů těchto lézí jsou však nezbytné pro včasné a správné stanovení diagnózy, naplánování postupu léčení a informování rodičů.
The soft tissue cystic lesions are often present in the oral cavity of neonates and sucklings and can create diagnostic hesitations and apprehension and anxiety among parents. The soft tissue cystic lesions are often misdiagnosed or left untreated due to lack of experience and knowledge of neonatologists, paediatricians and dentists that are focused to pathological lesions on oral cavity of neonates and sucklings. The majority of oral cystic lesions is asymptomatic and commonly resolve without any interventions. However, precise clinical examination of oral cavity and knowledge of clinical symptoms of these lesions are essential for early and exact diagnosis, management and parental counselling.
AIMS: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the general and oral health status of a group of preterm one-year-old very low (VLBW) and extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants and make a comparison with full-term one-year-old normal birthweight infants (NBW). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 102 one-year-old preterm VLBW and ELBW infants, and the data obtained were compared to 87 one-year-old full-term NBW infants. The infants' medical histories were obtained from hospital records and interviews with the mothers. The oral cavities of all infants were examined under the same conditions. The chi-square test, Pearson's chi-square test of independence and Mann-Whitney test were used for the statistical evaluation, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) estimates for variables significantly associated with oral findings were calculated. RESULTS: Both perinatal variables (gestational age, mode of delivery, birthweight, Apgar score, resuscitation, orotracheal intubation and presence of intraoral pathology) and neonatal variables (antibiotic treatment and infections) had a significant association with prematurity, VLBW and ELBW. The one-year-old preterm VLBW and ELBW infants frequently suffered from general diseases, frequently received regular medication and had fewer erupted primary teeth; they also had a higher prevalence of developmental defects of the enamel and deformations of the hard palate. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed anamnestic, medical and oral differences between one-year-old preterm VLBW and ELBW and full-term NBW infants.
- MeSH
- gestační stáří MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec s velmi nízkou porodní hmotností * MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- orální zdraví * MeSH
- porodní hmotnost MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Prematurely erupted teeth are rare in fullterm neonates and extremely rare in prematurely delivered infants. The aim of this study was to present macroscopic and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations of prematurely erupted primary teeth of preterm very low birthweight (VLBW) and extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants. Three preterm VLBW and ELBW infants with prematurely erupted lower incisors were examined. The dental examination assessed the type, location, clinical appearance, and degree of mobility of the prematurely erupted teeth. The structural appearance of enamel and dentin of three extracted and longitudinally sectioned prematurely erupted teeth was investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Lower incisors were rootless with hypermobility. The surface of enamel of the prematurely erupted primary teeth was hypoplastic and hypomineralized and had a typical "honeycomb" appearance in SEM. The aprismatic type of enamel was visible in some regions. The neonatal line separating the layer of prenatal enamel from postnatal enamel was observed. The enamel prisms were interconnected by interprismatic substances, and cross-striations of prisms were visible. Dentin presented a typical tubular character. The dentinal layer near the enamel dentin junction had Y-shaped branching of dentinal tubules. On the pulpal side, dentin had a globular character. The macroscopic and SEM investigations particularly revealed alterations in enamel, while the dentin of neonatal teeth had a nearly normal appearance.
- MeSH
- dentin * MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
- novorozenec nedonošený * MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- řezáky MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- diskolorace,
- MeSH
- herpes simplex MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci úst diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- nemoci zubů etiologie klasifikace prevence a kontrola MeSH
- novorozenec nedonošený MeSH
- novorozenec * MeSH
- prořezávání zubů MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- stomatologické nemoci * etiologie klasifikace patologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- ústní sliznice patologie MeSH
- zubní kaz prevence a kontrola MeSH
- zubní sklovina patologie MeSH
- zuby růst a vývoj MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
