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Publikace se zaměřuje na biomedicínské využití uhlíkových nanomateriálů a jejich toxicitu a zdravotní rizika. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.
- MeSH
- nanostruktury MeSH
- nanotechnologie MeSH
- noxy MeSH
- otrava MeSH
- testy toxicity MeSH
- uhlík MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
- Konspekt
- Nauka o materiálu
- NLK Obory
- technika
- biomedicínské inženýrství
- toxikologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- kolektivní monografie
BACKGROUND: Biological aging is a physiological process that can be altered by various factors. The presence of a chronic metabolic disease can accelerate aging and increase the risk of further chronic diseases. The aim of the study was to determine whether the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) affects levels of markers that are associated with, among other things, aging. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 169 subjects (58 with MetS, and 111 without metabolic syndrome, i.e., non-MetS) participated in the study. Levels of telomerase, GDF11/15, sirtuin 1, follistatin, NLRP3, AGEs, klotho, DNA/RNA damage, NAD+, vitamin D, and blood lipids were assessed from blood samples using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. RESULTS: Telomerase (p < 0.01), DNA/RNA damage (p < 0.006) and GDF15 (p < 0.02) were higher in MetS group compared to non-MetS group. Only vitamin D levels were higher in the non-MetS group (p < 0.0002). Differences between MetS and non-MetS persons were also detected in groups divided according to age: in under 35-year-olds and those aged 35-50 years. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that people with MetS compared to those without MetS have higher levels of some of the measured markers of biological aging. Thus, the presence of MetS may accelerate biological aging, which may be associated with an increased risk of chronic comorbidities that accompany MetS (cardiovascular, inflammatory, autoimmune, neurodegenerative, metabolic, or cancer diseases) and risk of premature death from all causes.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Stárnutí je proces postupného snižování funkčních kapacit lidského těla, který vede k významnému vzestupu rizika úmrtí v čase. Ačkoliv se jedná o proces univerzální všem živočichům, není jeho rychlost stejná. Biomarkery stárnutí si kladou za cíl lépe popsat proces stárnutí na úrovni jedince, orgánu, tkáně nebo jednotlivých buněk. Slouží k odhadu rychlosti stárnutí a predikci pravděpodobnosti úmrtí. Měly by dobře vypovídat o aktuálním stavu organismu a zpřesňovat predikci vnímavosti osoby ke vzniku onemocnění, jeho průběhu a pravděpodobnosti výskytu komplikací a smrti. Jednoduché biomarkery měří jen jeden parametr nebo úzkou skupinu parametrů spolu souvisejících, které mají známou asociaci s věkem, ať jde o změny v průběhu stárnutí člověka nebo u laboratorního modelu. Můžeme je rozdělit na molekulární (vycházející ze znaků stárnutí), funkční (popisující snižující se funkční kapacity v průběhu stárnutí) a antropometrické (popisující strukturální změny). Složené biomarkery představují nejkomplexnější způsob měření biologického věku. Kombinují v sobě velké množství dat, která pomocí algoritmů, často postavených na umělé inteligenci, vyhodnocují. Do této skupiny patří i aktuálně nejrozšířenější metoda měření biologického věku – epigenetické hodiny (epigenetic clock). Cílem tohoto článku je přehledně rozdělit množství existujících markerů stárnutí do skupin a popsat jejich vztah ke stárnutí.
Aging is a process of gradual decline in the functional capacity of the human body that leads to a significant increase in the risk of death over time. Although it is a process universal to all animals, its rate is not the same. Biomarkers of aging aim to better describe the aging process at the level of the individual, organ, tissue, or single cell. They are used to estimate the rate of aging and predict the probability of death. They are good indication of the current state of the organism and are more accurate in predicting a person's susceptibility to disease, its progression and the likelihood of complications and death. Simple biomarkers measure only one parameter or a narrow group of related parameters that have a known association with age, in human or in a laboratory model. They can be divided into molecular (based on features of aging), functional (describing decreasing functional capacity during aging) and anthropometric (describing structural changes). Composite biomarkers are the most comprehensive way of measuring biological age. They combine a large amount of data, which they evaluate using algorithms often based on artificial intelligence. The most widely used method for measuring biological age in composite biomarkers is the epigenetic clock. The aim of this article is to review the many existing markers of aging and describe their relationship to aging.
- MeSH
- biologické markery * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- stárnutí buněk genetika MeSH
- stárnutí * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris involves changes in DNA molecules, genomic instability, telomere attrition, and epigenetic alterations among them. These changes are also considered important mechanisms of aging in cells and tissues. OBJECTIVE: This study dealt with oxidation damage, telomere length and methylation status in DNA originating from peripheral blood of 41 psoriatic patients and 30 healthy controls. METHODS: Oxidative damage of serum DNA/RNA was determined immunochemically. Real-time PCR was used for the analysis of the telomere length. ELISA technique determined levels of 5-methylcytosine in blood cells' DNA. RESULTS: Oxidative damage of serum DNA/RNA was higher in patients than in controls (median, 3758 vs. 2286pg/mL, p<0.001). A higher length of telomeres per chromosome was found in patients whole-cell DNA than in controls (3.57 vs. 3.04 kilobases, p=0.011). A negative correlation of the length of telomeres with an age of the control subjects was revealed (Spearman's rho=-0.420, p=0.028). Insignificantly different levels of 5-methylcytosine in patients and controls were observed (33.20 vs. 23.35%, p=0.234). No influences of sex, smoking, BMI, PASI score, and metabolic syndrome on the methylation status were found. STUDY LIMITATIONS: i) A relatively small number of the participants, particularly for reliable subgroup analyses, ii) the Caucasian origin of the participants possibly influencing the results of the parameters determined, and iii) Telomerase activity was not directly measured in serum or blood cells. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated increased levels of oxidized DNA/RNA molecules in the serum of patients with exacerbated psoriasis vulgaris. The results were minimally influenced by sex, the presence of metabolic syndrome, or cigarette smoking. In the psoriatic blood cells' DNA, the authors observed longer telomeres compared to healthy controls, particularly in females. Insignificantly higher global DNA methylation in psoriasis cases compared to the controls indicated marginal clinical importance of this epigenetic test performed in the blood cells' DNA.
- MeSH
- 5-methylcytosin MeSH
- DNA metabolismus MeSH
- epigeneze genetická MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolický syndrom * MeSH
- oxidační stres genetika MeSH
- psoriáza * genetika MeSH
- RNA metabolismus MeSH
- telomery genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Aging is a natural, gradual, and inevitable process associated with a series of changes at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels that can lead to an increased risk of many diseases, including cancer. The most significant changes at the genomic level (DNA damage, telomere shortening, epigenetic changes) and non-genomic changes are referred to as hallmarks of aging. The hallmarks of aging and cancer are intertwined. Many studies have focused on genomic hallmarks, but non-genomic hallmarks are also important and may additionally cause genomic damage and increase the expression of genomic hallmarks. Understanding the non-genomic hallmarks of aging and cancer, and how they are intertwined, may lead to the development of approaches that could influence these hallmarks and thus function not only to slow aging but also to prevent cancer. In this review, we focus on non-genomic changes. We discuss cell senescence, disruption of proteostasis, deregualation of nutrient sensing, dysregulation of immune system function, intercellular communication, mitochondrial dysfunction, stem cell exhaustion and dysbiosis.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezibuněčná komunikace MeSH
- nádory * MeSH
- stárnutí buněk genetika MeSH
- stárnutí * metabolismus MeSH
- zkracování telomer MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Aging is a natural process of gradual decrease in physical and mental capacity. Biological age (accumulation of changes and damage) and chronological age (years lived) may differ. Biological age reflects the risk of various types of disease and death from any cause. We selected potential biomarkers of aging - telomerase, AGEs, GDF11 and 15 (growth differentiation factor 11/15), sirtuin 1, NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), inflammasome NLRP3, DNA/RNA damage, and klotho to investigate changes in their levels depending on age and sex. We included 169 healthy volunteers and divided them into groups according to age (under 35; 35-50; over 50) and sex (male, female; male and female under 35; 35-50, over 50). Markers were analyzed using commercial ELISA kits. We found differences in values depending on age and gender. GDF15 increased with age (under 30 and 35-50 p < 0.002; 35-50 and over 50; p < 0.001; under 35 and over 50; p < 0.001) as well as GDF11 (35-50 and over 50; p < 0.03; under 35 and over 50; p < 0.02), AGEs (under 30 and 35-50; p < 0.005), NLRP3 (under 35 over 50; p < 0.03), sirtuin 1 (35-50 and over 50; p < 0.0001; under 35 and over 50; p < 0.004). AGEs and GDF11 differed between males and females. Correlations were identified between individual markers, markers and age, and markers and sex. Markers that reflect the progression of biological aging vary with age (GDF15, GDF11, AGEs, NLRP3, sirtuin) and sex (AGEs, GDF11). Their levels could be used in clinical practice, determining biological age, risk of age-related diseases and death of all-causes, and initiating or contraindicating a therapy in the elderly based on the patient's health status.
- MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- DNA MeSH
- kostní morfogenetické proteiny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- NAD * MeSH
- produkty pokročilé glykace MeSH
- protein NLRP3 MeSH
- růstové diferenciační faktory metabolismus MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sirtuin 1 MeSH
- stárnutí genetika MeSH
- telomerasa * MeSH
- zdravotní stav MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
