In the last decade, undiagnosed disease programs have emerged to address the significant number of individuals with suspected but undiagnosed rare genetic diseases. In our single-center study, we have launched a pilot program for pediatric patients with undiagnosed diseases in the second-largest university hospital in the Czech Republic. This study was prospectively conducted at the Department of Pediatrics at University Hospital Brno between 2020 and 2023. A total of 58 Czech patients with undiagnosed diseases were enrolled in the study. All children underwent singleton WES with targeted phenotype-driven analysis. We identified 28 variants, including 11 pathogenic, 13 likely pathogenic, and 4 VUS according to ACMG guidelines, as diagnostic of genetic diseases in 25 patients, resulting in an overall diagnostic yield of 43%. Eleven variants were novel and had not been previously reported in any public database. The overall clinical utility (actionability) enabling at least one type of change in the medical care of the patient was 76%, whereas the average number of clinical implications to individual patient care was two. Singleton WES facilitated the diagnostic process in the Czech undiagnosed pediatric population. We believe it is an effective approach to enable appropriate counseling, surveillance, and personalized clinical management.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- genetické testování metody MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nediagnostikované nemoci * genetika diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- sekvenování exomu * metody MeSH
- vzácné nemoci * genetika diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Sakrokokcygeální teratom patří mezi velmi vzácné vrozené vývojové vady. Prognóza je závislá na faktorech ovlivňujících již fetální vývoj. Diagnostika se opírá o ultrazvukové vyšetření v I. a II. trimestru těhotenství. Pokračuje snaha o identifikaci spolehlivých ultrazvukových markerů, které by prenatálně umožnily stanovení co nejpřesnější prognózy pro plod a usnadnily rodičům rozhodování o dalším osudu gravidity. K dispozici je pouze omezený počet studií s převahou kazuistických případů. Uvádíme literární přehled aktuálních informací týkajících se zejména diagnostiky sakrokokcygeálního teratomu, možností terapie a výskytu prenatálních i postnatálních komplikací teratomů v souvislosti s prenatálními nálezy. Ukazuje se, že v prognosticky příznivých případech dle prenatálního ultrazvukového vyšetření a při adekvátní chirurgické léčbě po porodu je postnatální prognóza této vrozené vývojové vady velmi dobrá.
: Sacrococcygeal teratoma is a rare congenital malformation, the prognosis depends on factors affecting foetal development. The diagnosis is based on ultrasound examination, especially the evaluation of the detailed morphology of the foetus in the 20th week of pregnancy. Therefore, it is crucial to keep looking for ultrasound markers that would prenatally determine the most accurate prognosis for the foetus. Now, we rely on a small number of studies with a predominance of case reports. We offer a literature review of the essential information concerning sacrococcygeal teratoma diagnostics, therapy, and complications of sacrococcygeal teratomas in connection with prenatal diagnosis. It turns out that in cases with a favourable prognosis according to prenatal ultrasound examination and adequate surgical treatment after childbirth, the prognosis of this congenital malformation is excellent.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci plodu chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- plod chirurgie patologie MeSH
- prenatální diagnóza * metody MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- sakrokokcygeální krajina patologie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- teratom * chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování klasifikace patologie MeSH
- ultrasonografie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Imperforate hymen is the most common congenital defect of the female urogenital tract. The spectrum of clinical manifestations is broad, ranging from mild cases undiagnosed until adolescence to severe cases of giant intraabdominal masses. The most common complication of hydrocolpos is bladder compression, resulting in obstructive uropathy and hydronephrosis. CASE PRESENTATION: We present here the case of a preterm neonate who was admitted to the surgical neonatal intensive care unit for bowel obstruction. The baby did not appear septic or unwell, a small amount of meconium passed frequently, and no bilious gastric residuals occurred. Based on these findings, acute abdominal obstruction was doubtful, and the surgeon chose a conservative (watch and wait) approach. Subsequently, we performed abdominal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging based on unclear information about a suspicious abdominal mass raised by the gynecologist shortly before the emergency C-section. The final diagnosis was congenital hydrocolpos due to imperforate hymen. The pediatric gynecologist indicated an incision of the imperforate hymen under general anesthesia. The incision resolved abdominal distention as well as the bowel obstruction. CONCLUSION: The presentation of hydrocolpos was not typical (no bulging in the vaginal introitus) in our case, and clinical symptoms implied acute bowel obstruction shortly after birth. The surgeon chose a conservative (watch and wait) approach as the baby did not appear unwell on the second day of life. Fortunately, diagnostic laparotomy was not required as the next step in bowel obstruction management. All clinical symptoms resolved after a minor surgical procedure.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Sepsis is one of the most common causes of death in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). The development of sepsis is significantly influenced by genetic predisposition. In this study, we highlight a potential association between a variant of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene and risk of sepsis in children and adolescents. METHODS: We investigated a first-intron tagging FTO polymorphism (rs17817449) by comparing a severe condition (SC) group, comprising 598 paediatric patients (ages 0-19 years) admitted to an ICU with fever, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock, or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), with a control group consisting of 616 healthy young adults. RESULTS: We observed a lower prevalence (p < 0.01; OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.39-0.87) of the FTO TT genotype in febrile and SIRS patients compared to patients with severe illness. There was a borderline trend towards a lower prevalence of the FTO TT genotype in the control group compared to the SC group (p < 0.09, OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.62-1.06). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that rs17817449, a common FTO polymorphism, may be a predictor of sepsis in paediatric patients, and that higher body weight is protective against this clinical complication.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- gen pro FTO * genetika MeSH
- genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- multiorgánové selhání genetika MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- polymorfismus genetický MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- sepse * genetika MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- syndrom systémové zánětlivé reakce genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Although necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious, life-threatening disease, improved neonatal care is increasing the number of survivors with NEC among extremely preterm neonates. Therapy is nevertheless mostly symptomatic and the mortality rate remains high, especially among neonates requiring surgery. Therefore, it is important to focus on preventing the disease and modifiable risk factors. NEC's pathophysiology is multifaceted, with key factors being immaturity of the immune and barrier protective mechanisms of the premature gut and exaggerated proinflammatory reaction to insults like gut hypoxia, enteral nutrition or microbial dysbiosis. The role of the intestinal microbiome in the pathophysiology of NEC has been a subject of research for many years, but to date no specific pathogen or type of dysbiosis has been connected with NEC development. This review assesses current knowledge as to the role of the intestinal microbiota in the pathophysiology of NEC and the possibilities for positively influencing it.
- MeSH
- dysbióza komplikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nekrotizující enterokolitida * etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- nemoci novorozenců * MeSH
- novorozenec nedonošený MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Sepsis is a major cause of lethality in neonatal intensive care units. Despite significant advances in neonatal care and growing scientific knowledge about the disease, 4 of every 10 infants born in developed countries and suffering from sepsis die or experience considerable disability, including substantial and permanent neurodevelopmental impairment. Pharmacological treatment strategies for neonatal sepsis remain limited and mainly based upon early initiation of antibiotics and supportive treatment. In this context, numerous clinical and serum-based markers have been evaluated for diagnosing sepsis and evaluating its severity and etiology. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) do not encode for proteins but regulate gene expression by inhibiting the translation or transcription of their target mRNAs. Recently, it was demonstrated in adult patients that miRNAs are released into the circulation and that the spectrum of circulating miRNAs is altered during various pathologic conditions, such as inflammation, infection, and sepsis. Here, we summarize current findings on the role of circulating miRNAs in the diagnosis and staging of neonatal sepsis. The conclusions point to substantial diagnostic potential, and several miRNAs have been validated independently by different teams, namely miR-16a, miR-16, miR-96-5p, miR-141, miR-181a, and miR-1184.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Prezentujeme případ kojence s variantou septooptické dysplazie (forma holoprosencefalie) s náhodně zjištěnou závažnou hypernatremií. Kazuistické sdělení poukazuje na možnost koincidence hypopituitarismu u pacientů s touto formou malformace předního mozku. Důsledkem kombinovaného primárního endokrinního deficitu u novorozenců a kojenců mohou být různé poruchy vnitřního prostředí. Závažná hypernatremie v důsledku centrálního diabetu insipidu patří mezi potenciálně fatální komplikace vyžadující velmi pozvolnou, přísně kontrolovanou korekci parametrů vnitřního prostředí. Jedině tak je možné předejít závažným neurologickým komplikacím v důsledku rychle se měnícího vnitřního prostředí.
We present acase report of an infant with septooptic dysplasia variant (holoprosencephaly spectrum) with accidentally found severe hypernatremia. The case report points to the possibility of coincidence of hypopituitarism in patients with this form of forebrain malformation. Combined primary endocrine deficits in neonates and infants may result in derangement of body internal environment. Severe hypernatremia due to central diabetes insipidus is one of the potentially fatal complications requiring avery gradual, strictly controlled correction of the internal environment parameters. This is the only way to prevent serious neurological complications due to the rapidly changing internal environment.
- MeSH
- desmopresin aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- diabetes insipidus etiologie terapie MeSH
- holoprosencefalie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- hypernatremie * etiologie terapie MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
