The present study was aimed at comparing the milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and milk fatty acid (MFA) compositions in Holstein cows with subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) to those values of Holstein cows that did not have SARA. Also, the correlations among rumen pH value and the compositions of MUN and MFA in milk were determined. Dairy cows (n = 16) with subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) (pH value 5.60 ± 0.02) and control dairy cows (n = 16) (control) (pH value 6.20 ± 0.04) were studied. The MUN concentrations (578 µg/l) of the dairy cows with SARA was lower than those (1 315 µg/l) of the control dairy cows (P < 0.001). In the milk of the dairy cows with SARA, the unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), thrombogenic index (TI), and hypocholesterolemic fatty acid index (hcFA) decreased; but the saturated fatty acids (SFA), atherogenic (AI) and hypercholesterolemic fatty acid (HcFA) indexes (P < 0.01) increased. The rumen pH value and the concentration of the MUN were positively correlated with the proportions of the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega-3 fatty acids (n-3), omega-6 fatty acids (n-6), omega-9 fatty acids (n-9), long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) and very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) and the n-3/n-6 ratio of the milk samples (P < 0.05). Consequently, the dairy cow with SARA that are in early-lactation can affect the carbohydrate fermentation, fatty acid hydrogenation and protein degradation. The MUN concentration in the dairy cows with SARA seriously decreased. The SARA changes the milk fatty acid composition and decreases the MUFA, PUFA, n-3, oleic acid and hypocholesterolemic fatty acids and the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (h/H) values of milk. Therefore, the nutritional and functional quality for human nutrition decreases in the milk of dairy cows with SARA.
Our study aimed to investigate subacute exposure to alcohol in relation to bone microstructure of mice. Animals from experimental (E) group drank a solution composed of 15 % ethanol and water for 14 days (one remodeling cycle), while those from control (C) group drank only water. In the compact bone of E group, decreased bone formation and increased porosity were observed which corresponds with lower levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and glutathione. Alcohol significantly increased sizes of primary osteon's vascular canals and decreased those of secondary osteons, Haversian canals. Relative bone volume, bone mineral density (BMD), relative bone volume without marrow cavity were also lower in E group. On the contrary, trabecular bone microstructure did not differ significantly between E and C groups. Liver function test showed higher levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase in alcohol-fed mice. Serum calcium, phosphate were significantly lower in E group. According to our study, only changes in compact bone microstructure of mice following one remodeling cycle were observed due to both direct and indirect effects of alcohol.
- MeSH
- ethanol aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- kostní denzita účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- kostní matrix diagnostické zobrazování účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zobrazování trojrozměrné metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Acrylamide (AA) is one of the most common toxins in foods. Its effect on bone microstructure has not been investigated. The aim of our study was to analyze the impact of acute exposure to AA on femoral bone microstructure in mice. Adult animals were treated perorally with 2 doses of AA (E1 group, 1 mg/kg b.w.) in a 24-h period and with 3 doses of AA (E2 group, 1 mg/kg b.w.) in a 48-h period. Mice exposed to AA had smaller sizes of primary osteon's vascular canals. Secondary osteons were significantly smaller in mice from E2 group; however their increased number (from 38 % to 77 %) was identified in both E1 and E2 groups. In these groups, a higher number of resorption lacunae (from 100 % to 122 %) was also found. The values for bone volume, trabecular number were increased and that for trabecular separation was decreased in mice administered AA. Significantly higher value of bone surface was observed in mice from E1 group whereas trabecular thickness was increased in E2 group. The effect of AA on microstructure of compact and trabecular bone tissues is different. In our study, one dose of AA was used and acute effects of AA were investigated. Therefore, further studies are needed to study mechanisms by which AA acts on bone.
- MeSH
- akrylamid toxicita MeSH
- femur diagnostické zobrazování účinky léků patologie MeSH
- kontaminace potravin * MeSH
- kortikální kost diagnostické zobrazování účinky léků patologie MeSH
- myši MeSH
- rentgenová mikrotomografie MeSH
- trabekulární kostní tkáň diagnostické zobrazování účinky léků patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
While Pseudogymnoascus destructans has been responsible for mass bat mortalities from white-nose syndrome (WNS) in North America, its virulence in Europe has been questioned. To shed the light on the issue of host-pathogen interaction between European bats and P. destructans, we examined seventeen bats emerging from the fungus-positive underground hibernacula in the Czech Republic during early spring 2013. Dual wing-membrane biopsies were taken from Barbastella barbastellus (1), Myotis daubentonii (1), Myotis emarginatus (1), Myotis myotis (11), Myotis nattereri (1) and Plecotus auritus (2) for standard histopathology and transmission electron microscopy. Non-lethal collection of suspected WNS lesions was guided by trans-illumination of the wing membranes with ultraviolet light. All bats selected for the present study were PCR-positive for P. destructans and showed microscopic findings consistent with the histopathological criteria for WNS diagnosis. Ultramicroscopy revealed oedema of the connective tissue and derangement of the fibroblasts and elastic fibres associated with skin invasion by P. destructans. Extensive fungal infection induced a marked inflammatory infiltration by neutrophils at the interface between the damaged part of the wing membrane replaced by the fungus and membrane tissue not yet invaded by the pathogen. There was no sign of keratinolytic activity in the stratum corneum. Here, we show that lesions pathognomonic for WNS are common in European bats and may also include overwhelming full-thickness fungal growth through the wing membrane equal in severity to reports from North America. Inter-continental differences in the outcome of WNS in bats in terms of morbidity/mortality may therefore not be due to differences in the pathogen itself.
- MeSH
- Ascomycota patogenita MeSH
- Chiroptera mikrobiologie MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- interakce hostitele a patogenu fyziologie MeSH
- kůže mikrobiologie MeSH
- mykózy epidemiologie patologie veterinární MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce veterinární MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- transmisní elektronová mikroskopie veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
The present article provides results of analyses of trace elements from dental tissues and their relations with social status, dietary habits, and pathological changes in vertebras in the skeletal remains from the former family crypt in the St. Catherine Church ruins. Three aristocratic families (the Labsánszkys from the Korlátko castle, the Erdődys and the Apponyis) were buried under St. Catherine church in the 18th century. Skeletal material from one of the three crypts was investigated. The family allegiance of these skeletal remains is still not known; our considerations based on the historical sources indicated the Labsánszky family. The concentrations of Ca, Sr and Zn in 8 permanent teeth obtained from 8 individuals were analysed. The number of analysed teeth was limited by the number of buried individuals and the preservation state of the skulls. Concentrations of the trace elements and their ratios – a relatively low content of strontium and a higher concentration of zinc – indicated a rich protein diet. Despite the small number of teeth analysed, the results are relatively homogenous and show that probably all of the buried persons had belonged to a higher society. The results were also confirmed indirectly by the palaeopathological findings in the bones of the postcranial skeleton. The Forestier disease (DISH) was diagnosed in three individuals at minimum, which can also indicate that they suffered from obesity or type 2 diabetes. However, DISH is a hereditary disease; therefore we must also consider the familiar appearance.
- MeSH
- antropologie fyzická metody MeSH
- difuzní idiopatická skeletální hyperostóza patologie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kosti a kostní tkáň chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- stopové prvky analýza MeSH
- stravovací zvyklosti etnologie MeSH
- stroncium analýza MeSH
- vápník analýza MeSH
- zinek analýza MeSH
- zuby chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- genetika MeSH
- Jobův syndrom komplikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mentální retardace prevence a kontrola MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- vrozené vady chirurgie patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
