The human body gets exposed to a variety of toxins intentionally or unintentionally on a regular basis from sources such as air, water, food, and soil. Certain toxins can be synthetic, while some are biological. The toxins affect the various parts of the body by activating numerous pro-inflammatory markers, like oxidative stresses, that tend to disturb the normal function of the organs ultimately. Nowadays, people use different types of herbal treatments, viz., herbal drinks that contain different spices for detoxification of their bodies. One such example is turmeric, the most commonly available spice in the kitchen and used across all kinds of households. Turmeric contains curcumin, which is a natural polyphenol. Curcumin is a medicinal compound with different biological activities, such as antioxidant, antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial. Hence, this review gives a comprehensive insight into the promising potential of curcumin in the detoxification of heavy metals, carbon tetrachloride, drugs, alcohol, acrylamide, mycotoxins, nicotine, and plastics. The review encompasses diverse animal-based studies portraying curcumin's role in nullifying the different toxic effects in various organs of the body (especially the liver, kidney, testicles, and brain) by enhancing defensive signaling pathways, improving antioxidant enzyme levels, inhibiting pro-inflammatory markers activities and so on. Furthermore, this review also argues over curcumin's safety assessment for its utilization as a detoxifying agent.
- MeSH
- akrylamid toxicita MeSH
- antioxidancia farmakologie MeSH
- Curcuma chemie MeSH
- kurkumin * farmakologie chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolická inaktivace MeSH
- mykotoxiny toxicita MeSH
- nikotin MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- těžké kovy toxicita MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the acrylamide exposure of different children and adult population groups (10-14 years, 15-17 years, 18-24 years, 25-44 years, 45-64 years, and 65-74 years) resulting from the consumption of potato chips and wheat-based bread from Montenegrin market and to evaluate it in terms of health risk. METHODS: The acrylamide content was monitored in 51 samples of bread and 20 samples of chips. The carcinogenic health risk in different population groups was assessed through the incremental lifetime cancer risk (CR) and total cancer risk (TCR). RESULTS: The average acrylamide content in potato chips and bread was calculated to be 238 μg/kg and 30 μg/kg, respectively. Acrylamide content in a tested sample met the criteria prescribed by Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/2158 in 98% of the tested samples of chips and 85% of bread samples. The carcinogenic health risk of acrylamide exposure for the investigated population groups is of concern. The values of CR for all the investigated groups were in the range of 10-6 < CR < 10-4 and the values of TCR were 10-5 order of magnitude, indicating a potential cancer risk. CONCLUSION: The youngest population (10-14 years) was exposed to the highest cancer risk through the consumption of both, chips and bread. For the population of 10-14 years, 15-17 years, 25-44 years, 45-64 years, and 65-74 years, a higher risk of cancer was found due to the consumption of bread compared to the consumption of chips. Only the population aged 18-24 years was faced with a higher risk of cancer due to the consumption of chips compared to the consumption of bread.
- MeSH
- akrylamid * analýza MeSH
- analýza potravin MeSH
- chléb analýza MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- kontaminace potravin analýza MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nádory epidemiologie chemicky indukované MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Solanum tuberosum chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Černá Hora MeSH
In the present study, we investigated the effect of acrylamide (ACR) exposure during pregnancy on the ovary of female adult offspring of two subsequent generations. Sixty-day-old Wistar albino female rats were given different doses of ACR (2.5 and 10 mg/kg/day) from day 6 of pregnancy until giving birth. Females from the first generation (AF1) were fed ad libitum, and thereafter, a subgroup was euthanized at 8 weeks of age and ovary samples were obtained. The remaining females were maintained until they reached sexual maturity (50 days old) and then treated in the same way as the previous generation to obtain the second generation of females (AF2). The histopathological examination indicated a high frequency of corpora lutea along with an increased number of antral follicles that reached the selectable stage mainly at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg/day. Interestingly, ACR exposure significantly increased the mRNA levels of CYP19 gene and its corresponding CYP19 protein expression in AF1 females. The TUNEL assay showed a significantly high rate of apoptosis in stromal cells except for dose of 2.5 mg/kg/day. However, in AF2 females, ACR exposure significantly increased the number of degenerating follicles and cysts while the number of growing follicles was reduced. Moreover, in both ACR-treated groups, estradiol-producing enzyme CYP19A gene and its corresponding protein were significantly reduced, and an excessive apoptosis was produced. We concluded that the ovarian condition of AF1 females had considerable similarity to the typical early perimenopausal stage, whereas that of AF2 females was similar to the late perimenopausal stage in women.
- MeSH
- akrylamid toxicita MeSH
- apoptóza MeSH
- aromatasa * genetika MeSH
- furylfuramid MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poměr pohlaví MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice * chemicky indukované MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
ʟ-Asparaginasa (EC 3.5.1.1) je klíčovým enzymem, který hydrolyzuje ʟ-asparagin na ʟ-asparagovou kyselinu a amoniak. Této vlastnosti ʟ-asparaginasy je využíváno v protinádorové terapii k inhibici syntézy proteinů v rakovinných buňkách. ʟ-Asparaginasa je díky tomu základem pro chemoterapii využívanou k léčbě pacientů s akutní lymfoblastickou leukémií v pediatrii. Komerční ʟ-asparaginasy jsou pro aplikace ve zdravotnictví získávány především z Escherichia coli a Erwinia chrysanthemi (přejmenována na Dickeya dadantii). Nicméně, vysoká míra nežádoucích účinků komplikuje dlouhodobé klinické použití ʟ-asparaginasy, a proto se současný výzkum zaměřuje na hledání enzymů nových či na modifikaci vlastností enzymů již známých. Zároveň se ʟ-asparaginasa v posledních letech stala nepostradatelnou pro potravinářský průmysl, ve kterém je uznávána jako jeden z možných prostředků pro odstraňování ʟ-asparaginu z potravin, u kterých hrozí vznik akrylamidu během tepelného zpracování. Tento článek poskytuje přehled informací o současném využití ʟ-asparaginas a jejich úskalích.
ʟ-Asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) is a key enzyme that hydrolyzes ʟ-asparagine to ʟ-aspartic acid and ammonia. This feature of ʟ-asparaginase is used in anti‐cancer therapy to inhibit protein synthesis in cancer cells. Therefore, ʟ-asparaginase is used as a basis for chemotherapy to treat patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in pediatrics. Commercial ʟ-asparaginases for healthcare applications are mainly obtained from Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi (renamed to Dickeya dadantii). However, the high prevalence of adverse effects complicates the long‐term clinical use of ʟ-asparaginase, and therefore current research focuses on the search for new enzymes or on modifying the properties of enzymes already known. At the same time, ʟ-asparaginase has become indispensable for the food industry in recent years, when it had been recognized as one of the possible tools for removing ʟ-asparagine from foods that are at risk of acrylamide formation during thermal processing. This review provides an overview of the current use of ʟ-asparaginase and its pitfalls.
ʟ-Asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) is a key enzyme that hydrolyzes ʟ-asparagine to ʟ-aspartic acid and ammonia. This feature of ʟ-asparaginase is used in anti‐cancer therapy to inhibit protein synthesis in cancer cells. Therefore, ʟ-asparaginase is used as a basis for chemotherapy to treat patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in pediatrics. Commercial ʟ-asparaginases for healthcare applications are mainly obtained from Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi (renamed to Dickeya dadantii). However, the high prevalence of adverse effects complicates the long‐term clinical use of ʟ-asparaginase, and therefore current research focuses on the search for new enzymes or on modifying the properties of enzymes already known. At the same time, ʟ-asparaginase has become indispensable for the food industry in recent years, when it had been recognized as one of the possible tools for removing ʟ-asparagine from foods that are at risk of acrylamide formation during thermal processing. This review provides an overview of the current use of ʟ-asparaginase and its pitfalls.
19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using fluoropolymer tracers has recently emerged as a promising, non-invasive diagnostic tool in modern medicine. However, despite its potential, 19F MRI remains overlooked and underused due to the limited availability or unfavorable properties of fluorinated tracers. Herein, we report a straightforward synthetic route to highly fluorinated 19F MRI nanotracers via aqueous dispersion polymerization-induced self-assembly of a water-soluble fluorinated monomer. A polyethylene glycol-based macromolecular chain-transfer agent was extended by RAFT-mediated N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)acrylamide (TFEAM) polymerization in water, providing fluorine-rich self-assembled nanoparticles in a single step. The resulting nanoparticles had different morphologies and sizes ranging from 60 to 220 nm. After optimizing their structure to maximize the magnetic relaxation of the fluorinated core, we obtained a strong 19F NMR/MRI signal in an aqueous environment. Their non-toxicity was confirmed on primary human dermal fibroblasts. Moreover, we visualized the nanoparticles by 19F MRI, both in vitro (in aqueous phantoms) and in vivo (after subcutaneous injection in mice), thus confirming their biomedical potential.
OBJECTIVES: Acrylamide (AA) is considered one of the contaminants that occur in heat-processed agri-food products, which through diet can increase the risk of developing cancer for consumers of all age groups. METHODS: This review analysed the level of acrylamide of the most important heat-processed agri-food products that contribute to the dietary exposure of the population of different European countries and the assessment of health risks related to the presence of AA in food. RESULTS: The results of monitoring AA concentrations in agri-food products, reported individually by researchers or projects such as CONTAM in 2015 and the UK Food Standard Agency in 2017, show that some products exceeding the recently set European reference level are reported as such for specific values - mean UB/RLs in μg.kg-1: French fries (550/500), coffee dry (523/400), coffee substitutes (1,499/500, 400), processed cereal-based baby foods (76/40), potato crisps and snacks (2,214/750), breakfast cereals (744/300), biscuits and crackers (637/350, 400), and coffee substitutes (1,897/500). Average values (μg/kg body weight per day) of exposure to AA from food for different age groups (EFSA) are estimated at 0.4-1.9, but in different European countries, as reported by several studies (including Romania), are between 1.4 and 3.4. CONCLUSION: Starting from the genotoxic and carcinogenic potential of acrylamide, it is important to regularly monitor the presence of acrylamide and its levels in food and to investigate the food pattern of the population to detect the share of foods at risk of exposure.
- MeSH
- akrylamid * analýza MeSH
- dietární expozice * analýza MeSH
- karcinogeny MeSH
- kontaminace potravin analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- vysoká teplota MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
We present a method for finely adjustable electroosmotic flow (EOF) velocity in cathodic direction for the optimization of separations in capillary electrophoresis. To this end, we use surface modification of the separation fused silica capillary by the covalently attached copolymer of acrylamide (AM) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate (AMPS), that is, poly(AM-co-AMPS) or PAMAMPS. Coatings were formed by the in-capillary polymerization of a mixture of the neutral AM and anionic AMPS monomers premixed in various ratios in order to control the charge density of the copolymer. EOF mobility varies in the 0 to ∼40 × 10-9 m2 V-1 s-1 interval for PAMAMPS coatings ranging from 0 to 60 mol.% of charged AMPS monomer. For EOF in PAMAMPS-treated capillaries, we observed (i) a negligible dependence on pH in the 2-10 interval, (ii) a minor variance among background electrolytes (BGEs) in function of their components and (iii) its standard decrease with increasing ionic strength of the BGE. Interest in variable cathodic EOF was demonstrated by the amelioration of separation of two kinds of isomeric anionic analytes, that is, monosaccharides phosphates and helquat enantiomers, in counter-EOF mode.
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of widely grown fruits (wild roses, elderberries, sea buckthorns, rowans, chokeberries, and hawthorns) as a functional ingredient in wheat-flour cookie formulation on antioxidative properties with a simultaneous reduction of the carcinogen-like compound acrylamide. The organoleptic features of the cookies were assessed by a panel of consumers. The following parameters were measured: chemical composition, total polyphenols, polyphenolic profile, antioxidant activity, and acrylamide content. The overall ratings of the tested cookies with the addition of chokeberries, hawthorns, sea buckthorns, and elderberries were more than satisfactory, while wild rose and rowan cookies were the most widely accepted and best rated by the panelists. The antioxidant activity of the tested cookies was 1.1-15.22 μmol trolox·g-1 dm and 2.46-26.12 μmol Fe (II)·g-1 dm as measured by the ABTS and FRAP methods, respectively. All the fruit-enriched cookies had significantly higher antioxidative properties (p < 0.05) in comparison to the control cookies, but among the fruit-enriched cookies, there were differences in the quality and quantity of particular polyphenols. The acrylamide content was significantly decreased by 59% (hawthorn), 71% (rowan), 87% (wild rose), 89% (sea buckthorn), 91% (elderberry), and 94% (chokeberry) compared with the control cookies (p < 0.05). Cookies enriched with wild-grown fruits could constitute a promising novel snack food.
Highly stable, small-sized and evenly distributed solid mercury nanoparticles capped with ibuprofen (Ibu-HgNPs) were prepared via reduction with hydrazine and capped with ibuprofen as a stabilizing agent. Characterization of Ibu-HgNPs was carried out by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The prepared Ibu-HgNPs were immobilized onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and used for the first time as the sensing element for voltammetric determination of low concentrations of acrylamide (AA) in aqueous solutions. Various parameters such as the type of supporting electrolyte, voltammetric mode, frequency, deposition time, stirring rate and initial potential were optimized to obtain the highest peak current of AA. The sensor delivered the best results in combination with the square wave voltammetry (SWV) mode, with good repeatability (relative standard deviation (RSD) of 25 repetitions was 1.4% for 1000 ppb AA). The study further revealed that Ibu-HgNPs are strongly adhered to GCE and hence do not contaminate the environment even after several runs. The newly developed AA sensor provides linear calibration dependence in the range of 100-1300 ppb with an R2 value of 0.996 and limit of detection (LOD) of 8.5 ppb. Negligible interference was confirmed from several organic compounds, cations and anions. The developed sensor was successfully applied for AA determination in various types of environmental real water samples to prove its practical usefulness and applicability.
- MeSH
- akrylamid MeSH
- elektrochemické techniky MeSH
- elektrody MeSH
- ibuprofen MeSH
- nanočástice * MeSH
- rtuť * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
