The mechanisms behind the cardiovascular and renal benefits of empagliflozin is not fully understood. The positive impact of the medication on cardiovascular mortality can not be solely attributed to its antidiabetic effect, with a metabolic mechanism possibly involved. To investigate the metabolic effects of empagliflozin treatment (10 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks), we used an adult male rat model with serious vascular complications associated with metabolic syndrome and prediabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance, severe albuminuria and impaired insulin sensitivity were induced by intragastric administration of methylglyoxal and high sucrose diet feeding for four months. Although empagliflozin decreased body weight, non-fasting glucose and insulin, glucagon levels remained unchanged. In addition, empagliflozin increased adiponectin levels (+40%; p < 0.01) and improved skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. Increased non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in empagliflozin-treated rats is understood to generate ketone bodies. Empagliflozin increased β-hydroxybutyrate levels in serum (+66%; p < 0.05) and the myocardium (30%; p < 0.01), suggesting its possible involvement as an alternative substrate for metabolism. Empagliflozin switched substrate utilisation in the myocardium, diverting glucose oxidation to fatty acid oxidation. Representing another favorable effect, empagliflozin also contributed to decreased uric acid plasma levels (-19%; p < 0.05). In the kidney cortex, empagliflozin improved oxidative and dicarbonyl stress parameters and increased gene expression of β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in ketone body utilisation. In addition, empagliflozin decreased microalbuminuria (-27%; p < 0.01) and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) excretion (-29%; p < 0.01). Our results reveal the important systemic metabolic effect of empagliflozin on alterations in substrate utilisation and on increased ketone body use in prediabetic rats. Improved oxidative and dicarbonyl stress and decreased uric acid are also possibly involved in the cardio- and reno-protective effects of empagliflozin.
- MeSH
- benzhydrylové sloučeniny farmakologie MeSH
- glukosa metabolismus MeSH
- glukosidy farmakologie MeSH
- inzulinová rezistence MeSH
- ketolátky metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- ledviny účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- ochranné látky farmakologie MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- prediabetes farmakoterapie metabolismus MeSH
- srdce účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Water molecules (H2O) often reduce luminescence lifetimes of various luminescence probes. The change of lifetime is usually caused by dynamic luminescence quenching induced by O-H oscillators which effectively take away energy from excited molecule. The process can be described by Stern-Volmer equation. We have studied selected luminescence systems where it is possible to detect considerable changes of lifetime in presence/absence of H2O and D2O in this work for analytical purposes. We have tested both, inorganic (Ln3+) and organic compounds using three different instrumentation in order to find the largest change between τH and τD. The Ln3+ containing systems have shown considerable increase/decrease of lifetimes in the presence/absence of D2O (Eu3+: τD/τH = 34.5) whereas organic systems gave significantly lower values of τD/τH (coumarin 123 lifetime ratio, τD/τH = 1.94). The calculated LOD varied from 0.04 mol l-1 (samarium nitrate) to 6.55 mol l-1 (riboflavin).
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Crystals are well known structures of urinary sediment, most of which are identified by the combined knowledge of crystal morphology, birefringence features at polarized light, and urine pH. In this paper, we report on a cohort of subjects whose urine contained a very rare type of crystal, which we first described in 2004 and which, based on its peculiar morphology, we define as "daisy-like crystal" (DLcr). METHODS: Reports on DLcr were spontaneously sent to our laboratory over a 10.5-year period by different laboratory professionals and by one veterinary clinician who, in their everyday work, had come across DLcr. After the examination of DLcr images submitted, a number of other information were requested and partly obtained. RESULTS: DLcr were found in 9 human beings in 7 different laboratories, located in 4 countries (Italy, Belgium, Croatia, France). DLcr were found mostly in female (8/9), at all ages (3.5 to 93years), mostly in alkaline urine (pH6.0 to 7.5), at variable specific gravity values (1.010 to 1.030), either as isolated particles (2/8) or in association with other crystals (5/8) and/or leucocytes or bacteria (3/8). In addition, DLcr were found in the urine of a 1-year-old dog, examined in a veterinary clinic of Czech Republic. In 3 cases, DLcr were identified by manual microscopy, while in 7 cases by automated urine sediment analyzers. CONCLUSIONS: This paper confirms the possible presence in the urine of DLcr. However, further cases are needed to clarify their frequency, clinical meaning, and composition.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fosforečnany vápenaté moč MeSH
- krystalizace MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- psi MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- šťavelan vápenatý moč MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- psi MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Gamma- and neutron doses in an experimental reactor were measured using alanine/electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry. The absorbed dose in alanine was decomposed into contributions caused by gamma and neutron radiation using neutron kerma factors. To overcome a low sensitivity of the alanine/ESR response to thermal neutrons, a novel method has been proposed for the assessment of a thermal neutron flux using the (14)N(n,p) (14)C reaction on nitrogen present in alanine and subsequent measurement of (14)C by liquid scintillation counting (LSC).
- MeSH
- alanin chemie účinky záření MeSH
- elektronová paramagnetická rezonance metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- jaderné elektrárny normy MeSH
- neutrony * MeSH
- radioizotopy uhlíku analýza MeSH
- radiometrie metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- scintilace - počítání metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- vztah dávky záření a odpovědi MeSH
- záření gama * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Wound infections represent a major problem, particularly in patients with chronic wounds. Bacteria in the wound exist mainly in the form of biofilms and are thus resistant to most antibiotics and antimicrobials. A simple and cost-effective in vitro model of chronic wound biofilms applied for testing treatments and solid devices, especially wound dressings, is presented in this work. The method is based on the well-established Lubbock chronic wound biofilm transferred onto an artificial agar wound bed. The biofilm formed by four bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was stable for up to 48h post-transplant. The applicability of the model was evaluated by testing two common iodine wound treatments. These observations indicate that this method enables assessing the effects of treatments on established resilient wound biofilms and is clinically highly relevant.
- MeSH
- antiinfekční látky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace účinky léků genetika růst a vývoj MeSH
- bakteriální geny MeSH
- bakteriální nálož MeSH
- biofilmy účinky léků MeSH
- chronická nemoc MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- infekce v ráně farmakoterapie mikrobiologie MeSH
- jod aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- obvazy * MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to determine the cause of selected canine urolith formation using less conventional but more advanced analytical methods. METHODS: A routine laboratory specialising in urinary calculi analysis noticed a special type of core zone in some canine uroliths, which was typically made up of cylindrical holes. Of 4028 canine samples analysed, non-absorbable suture material was detected in 9 (0·22%) cases. A hollow cylindrical central area was found in a further 13 (0·32%) samples. X-ray microtomography (μCT) was utilised in order to reveal the channel structure inside this urolith sample. Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionisation - time of flight mass spectrometry was used in order to assess the cause of this urinary stone formation. RESULTS: The diameter of the channel structure corresponded with the diameter of the previously utilised suture material and indicated that this urolith was formed around residual suture material. Further confirmation was provided by the comparative matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionisation - time of flight mass spectrometry chemical analysis. This channel structure is formed by a surgical thread that serves as a base for the urolith growth. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Results of this study confirm the causative role of absorbable suture material in the pathogenesis of hollow channel structures in some canine compound uroliths.
- MeSH
- močové kameny etiologie veterinární MeSH
- nemoci psů etiologie MeSH
- psi MeSH
- spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice veterinární MeSH
- tomografie rentgenová veterinární MeSH
- urolitiáza etiologie veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- psi MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Ve svém sdělení bych se chtěl krátce zmínit o problematice distalizace molárů v horní čelisti. Také při distalizaci horních molárů se setkáváme s problematikou ztráty kotvení - v tomto případě se ztrátou anteriorního kotvení. Pomocí kotevních miniimplatátů můžeme ztrátu anteriorního kotvení výrazně snížit - otázkou zůstává, jaký postup je v dané situaci optimální. Součástí této přednášky bude také prezentace kazuistiky - řešení jednostranné mezializace horního prvního molárů po předčasné ztrátě druhého dočasného molárů.
