DNA methylation plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes. Several genetic diseases and most malignancies tend to be associated with aberrant DNA methylation. Among other analytical methods, electrochemical approaches have been successfully employed for characterisation of DNA methylation patterns that are essential for the diagnosis and treatment of particular diseases. This article discusses current trends in the electrochemical sensing and biosensing of DNA methylation. Particularly, it provides an overview of applied electrode materials, electrode modifications and biorecognition elements applications with an emphasis on strategies that form the core DNA methylation detection approaches. The three main strategies as (i) bisulfite treatment, (ii) cleavage by restriction endonucleases, and (iii) immuno/affinity reaction were described in greater detail. Additionally, the availability of the reviewed platforms for early cancer diagnosis and the approval of methylation inhibitors for anticancer therapy were discussed.
- MeSH
- biosenzitivní techniky přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- DNA analýza genetika MeSH
- elektrochemické techniky přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- elektrody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metylace DNA * MeSH
- nádory diagnóza genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The prion protein (PrPC) can be structurally shifted to its PrPScisoform causing a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases, which are currently incurable. There is an evidence that metallothioneins (MTs), and especially MT-3, are associated with neurodegenerative diseases. PrPCand MTs play pivotal roles in maintaining metal homeostasis; therefore, it is conceivable that each of them has its own significance in prion diseases. In this paper, we study the nature of interactions between PrPC, MT, and copper ions, Cu(II), using the method of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) coupled with adsorptive transfer stripping technique (AdTS). Electrochemical properties of PrP itself and its interactions with both the Cu(II) ions and MTs have been found. Based on the results obtained, we hypothesised the formation of the complex in molar ratio 2:1 (PrPC:MT). Surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) was used as a control reference assay to further confirm results obtained by the electrochemical approach, such as the specific interactions between PrPCand MT-3.
- MeSH
- elektrochemické techniky * MeSH
- měď MeSH
- metalothionein MeSH
- prionová bílkovina MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Boron-doped diamond (BDD) is a prospective electrode material that possesses many exceptional properties including wide potential window, low noise, low and stable background current, chemical and mechanical stability, good biocompatibility, and last but not least exceptional resistance to passivation. These characteristics extend its usability in various areas of electrochemistry as evidenced by increasing number of published articles over the past two decades. The idea of chemically modifying BDD electrodes with molecular species attached to the surface for the purpose of creating a rational design has found promising applications in the past few years. BDD electrodes have appeared to be excellent substrate materials for various chemical modifications and subsequent application to biosensors and biosensing. Hence, this article presents modification strategies that have extended applications of BDD electrodes in electroanalytical chemistry. Different methods and steps of surface modification of this electrode material for biosensing and construction of biosensors are discussed.
- MeSH
- biosenzitivní techniky přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- bor chemie MeSH
- diamant chemie MeSH
- elektrody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
This review summarizes and discusses electrophoretic methods for the fabrication deposited graphene and graphene-based structures. Graphenes are commonly dispersed in organic solvents or in water. Deposition procedures are performed mostly under constant voltage and deposition time seems to be an important parameter for influence prepared graphene structures. It was shown that electrophoretically deposited graphene layers have excellent properties suitable for electrochemical sensors and biosensors construction, e.g. high electrical conductivity and large surface area. Electrophoretic deposition enables also preparation of material which combines graphene with metal nanoparticles or polymers.
An electrochemical DNA biosensor based on the screen printed carbon paste electrode (SPCPE) with an immobilized layer of calf thymus double-stranded DNA has been used for in vitro investigation of the interaction between genotoxic nitro derivatives of fluorene (namely 2-nitrofluorene and 2,7-dinitrofluorene) and DNA. Two types of DNA damage have been detected at the DNA/SPCPE biosensor: first, that caused by direct association of the nitrofluorenes, for which an intercalation association has been found using the known DNA intercalators [Cu(phen)(2)](2+) and [Co(phen)(3)](3+) as competing agents, and, second, that caused by short-lived radicals generated by electrochemical reduction of the nitro group (observable under specific conditions only).
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- financování organizované MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakty MeSH
Quinazolines - 1,3-benzodiazines are biological active compounds, which are used in the phamaceutical industry, in agriculture and in the medicine. As documented in the literature, many derivatives demonstrated anticancer activity and they act as multitarget agents. 3-(5-Nitro-2-thienyl)-9-chloro-5-morpholin-4-yl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c] quinazoline (NTCHMTQ) - a new synthetically prepared quinazoline derivative was the most effective derivative in our primary cytotoxic screening. In this study, we evaluated cytotoxic/antiproliferative activity of NTCHMTQ using human tumor cell line HeLa. Possible interaction of 3-(5-nitro-2-thienyl)-9-chloro-5-morpholin-4-yl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c] quinazoline with calf thymus DNA was tested by the DNA - modified screen - printed electrode. Quinazoline derivative acted cytotoxically on tumor cell line HeLa. The IC(100) value was 10 microg/ml. The IC(50) values was found to be less than 4 microg/ml, a limit put forward by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) for classification of he compound as a potential anticancer drug. Quinazoline at micromolar concentrations induced morphological changes and necrosis of HeLa cells. Using the DNA based electrochemical biosensor, we have not found damage to DNA under in vitro conditions at an incubation of the biosensor in mixture with quinazoline.
- MeSH
- antitumorózní látky farmakologie MeSH
- chinazoliny farmakologie MeSH
- HeLa buňky MeSH
- léky antitumorózní - screeningové testy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poškození DNA účinky léků MeSH
- skot MeSH
- triazoly farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
