INTRODUCTION: There are only sporadic references in literature regarding general medicine and dentistry student´s preparedness for Histology, study resources and how students might use them in the era of virtual microscopy. METHODS: A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate students´ opinion, with 192 students of general medicine and 82 students of dentistry responding. RESULTS: The dentistry students evaluate their previous knowledge of basic high school disciplines as less helpful when compared to their general medicine colleagues, but this difference diminishes during the first year of medical school studies. Students of dentistry display a better orientation in the amount of study resources (electronic vs printed) and also the ways of their use (practical vs theoretical preparation). The main problems surfacing in the study of Histology have been: the lack of time due to the high demands of Anatomy, problems with correct identification of structures in specimens and correct orientation in a large number of available study resources. Students indicate that they would appreciate the introduction of interactive exercise tests to verify practical and theoretical knowledge. CONCLUSION: We revealed significant differences between students of general medicine and dentistry in terms of student´s preparedness and learning habits. According to our findings, it is still necessary to further develop teaching methods utilising virtual microscopy, taking into account the needs of both general medicine and dental school students.
- MeSH
- histologie * výchova MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- školy stomatologické * MeSH
- studenti MeSH
- studium stomatologie MeSH
- učení MeSH
- zvyky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Virtual microscopy, used as a method to teach histology, has many undeniable advantages. However, the usefulness of this method is somewhat limited by the difficulties students face in finding their way through huge amounts of digital data, compounded by decreased interaction between students and teachers. We describe the results of a recent pilot project which combined the modern teaching methods of active learning, where students themselves present histological slides and make use of the virtual microscopy system. METHODS: Students' responses to a structured questionnaire and examination results were evaluated. RESULTS: We found that a combination of both electronic materials and textbooks was commonly used by students to prepare for practical teaching sessions, with electronic resources being used regularly by the majority of students. No statistically relevant differences were found between the approaches of dentistry vs general medicine students. Cooperation between students' groups during the preparation for individual presentations was seen to be beneficial by a majority of dentistry students; they reported that the introduction of student-led presentations improved their quality of preparation for practical lessons, as well as increasing their participation and activity level in the lessons themselves. These different approaches and motivations between students of dentistry and general medicine are reflected in the test results where dentistry students are more successful. CONCLUSION: We confirm that there are differences in motivation, approaches and examination results between both groups of students, which should be taken into account and which could lead to differentiation of future curricula for both study courses.
- MeSH
- histologie výchova MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikroskopie metody MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- studenti lékařství psychologie MeSH
- studenti stomatologie psychologie MeSH
- studium stomatologie metody MeSH
- učební pomůcky MeSH
- učení * MeSH
- virtuální realita * MeSH
- vyučování * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Human skin explant (HSE) seems to be a useful model for dermatological/cosmetic testing. HSE prepared from donor superfluous skin from plastic surgery operations is cheap and easily obtainable compared to reconstructed models. The HSE use, however, may be limited by the degeneration processes during cultivation. The aim was to monitor changes in metabolic activity and selected apoptotic, inflammatory and antioxidant parameters during 7 day cultivation. The significant changes were found in the superoxide dismutase-2 level from day 5, glutathione S-reductase level from day 6, metabolic activity and fibulin-5 level from day 4, cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 from day 1 to 2. Other selected markers (lipid peroxidation products and glutathione level, glutathione S-transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-reductase activity, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-reductase levels) were not modified significantly due to high inter-individual variability of skin donors. The HSE microstructure as well as cytokeratin-10 and proliferation marker Ki67 expression was also only minimally affected during cultivation. Collectively, the results demonstrate that HSE represents a good model for short-term studies focused on the physical and chemical agent toxicity, protective potential of compounds or metabolic biotransformation. However, reduced metabolic activity, increased inflammation and the high inter-individual variability and sensitivity of donors have to be taken into consideration.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- biologické markery metabolismus MeSH
- biologické modely MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- cyklooxygenasa 2 metabolismus MeSH
- glutathionperoxidasa metabolismus MeSH
- glutathionreduktasa metabolismus MeSH
- interleukin-6 metabolismus MeSH
- kůže * imunologie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- superoxiddismutasa metabolismus MeSH
- techniky tkáňových kultur metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Skin explants are a suitable model which can replace dermatological experiments on animals or human volunteers. In this study, we searched for a fast, cheap and reproducible method for screening skin explant viability after treatment with UVA radiation or/and chemical agents. We compared frequently used methods: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), neutral red (NR) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity assay with a rarely used 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) assay for the evaluation of UVA radiation and/or chlorpromazine and 8-methoxypsoralen effect as model agents. Histological analysis of skin explants was also performed by a simple haematoxylin-eosin method. Only the TTC assay was able to show the toxicity of model agents in a dose- and concentration-dependent manner. LDH assay was partially able to demonstrate results comparable to the TTC method, however, the agents' effect was less pronounced. The MTT and NR assays completely failed in the evaluation. Haematoxylin-eosin staining showed discrete structural changes in samples treated with UVA alone and CPZ+UVA, but only after 48h. Therefore, the method is not useful for screening of toxic or phototoxic effects either. In conclusion, the TTC assay was the most suitable for the evaluation of toxicity or phototoxicity in ex vivo skin.
- MeSH
- biotest * MeSH
- chlorpromazin toxicita MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- kůže cytologie účinky léků patologie MeSH
- L-laktátdehydrogenasa metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methoxsalen toxicita MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- tetrazoliové soli chemie MeSH
- ultrafialové záření * MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků účinky záření MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- virtual microscopy,
- MeSH
- histologie * výchova MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- počítačem řízená výuka MeSH
- tréninková simulace * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
We introduced a new method of teaching practical histology using virtual slides (VS) at the Department of Histology and Embryology in Olomouc. In the database of e-practical sessions there are sets of virtual slides for each topic taught, and several supporting documents available to students that help them to orient easily in the subject of the practical session. We have also introduced practical examination of histology slides with electronic tests on personal computers (PC). We have prepared our own specific set of evaluation questions and allowed students to evaluate this new method of practical sessions. The results of these anonymous questionnaires are of a great importance to our teaching staff, as they represent an important feedback for further improvement of teaching practical histology. Comparing student´s responses in three subsequent academic years, we have found no changes in their highly positive evaluation of the use of PC for observation of virtual slides. Increase in positive responses were observed in answers to questions concerning the use of supporting documents attached to the database of virtual slides (from 50% to 68%) and active preparation of students prior to practical sessions (from 3% to 15%). Students also admitted that they increasingly benefited from the in-course electronic testing (from 86% to 93%) that motivated students to more systematic studies during two semesters of the histology course. They unequivocally preferred electronic forms of examinations over oral ones. On the other hand, students agreed that they were not able to express their theoretical knowledge properly in oral discussions or exams.
- Klíčová slova
- PC testing,
- MeSH
- histologie výchova MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- počítačem řízená výuka * klasifikace metody MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- studenti lékařství MeSH
- studium lékařství metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
