The 3D imaging technologies have become of paramount importance for example in disciplines such as forensic anthropology and bioarchaeology, where they are being used more and more frequently. There are several new possibilities that they offer; for instance, the easier and faster sharing of data among institutions, the possibility of permanent documentation, or new opportunities of data analysis. An important requirement, however, is whether the data obtained from different scanning devices are comparable and whether the possible varying outputs could affect further analyses, such as the estimation of the biological profile. Therefore, we aimed to investigate two important questions: (1) whether 3D models acquired by two different scanning technologies (structured light and laser) are comparable and (2) whether the scanning equipment has an effect on the anthropological analyses, such as age-at-death estimation and sex assessment. 3D models of ossa coxa (n = 29) were acquired by laser (NextEngine) and structured light (HP 3D Structured Light Scanner PRO 2) scanners. The resulting 3D models from both scanners were subjected to age-at-death analyses (via the quantitative method of Stoyanova et al., 2017) and sex analyses (via Diagnose Sexuelle Probabiliste 2 of Brůžek et al., 2017). Furthermore, high quality scans of a small sample (n = 5) of pubic symphyseal surfaces with the RedLux Profiler device were acquired as reference surfaces to which the outputs from both scanners were compared. Small deviations between surfaces were more evident in more rugged surfaces (in areas of depression and protrusion). Even though small differences from the reference surfaces were found, they did not have a significant effect on the age and sex estimates. It never resulted in the opposite sex assignment, and no significant differences were observed between age estimates (with the exception of those with the TPS/BE model).
- MeSH
- lasery * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odchylka pozorovatele MeSH
- pánevní kosti diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- počítačová simulace * MeSH
- regresní analýza MeSH
- soudní antropologie MeSH
- určení kostního věku * MeSH
- určení pohlaví podle kostry * MeSH
- zobrazování trojrozměrné * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Preoperative planning for total hip arthroplasty includes templating on anteroposterior radiographs. It is necessary to consider radiographic magnification in order to scale templates accurately. Studies dealing with hip templating report different values of radiographic magnification. It is not clear if the observed difference in magnification between the studies is caused by variability in studied groups, methodology or instrumentation. We hypothesize that there is a difference in magnification between clinical workplaces. Within this study, radiographic magnification was estimated on 337 radiographs of patients after total hip surgery from five orthopaedic departments in the Czech Republic. Magnification was determined for each patient as a ratio between diameter of implanted femoral head measured on radiogram and its true size. One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in magnification between workplaces (F(4,332) = 132, p≤0.001). These results suggest that radiographic magnification depends on the workplace where it is taken or more precisely on radiographic device. It indicates potential limits in generalizability of results of studies dealing with preoperative planning accuracy to other institutions.
BACKGROUND: The aim of this paper was to design a finite element model for a hinged PROSPON oncological knee endoprosthesis and to verify the model by comparison with ankle flexion angle using knee-bending experimental data obtained previously. METHOD: Visible Human Project CT scans were used to create a general lower extremity bones model and to compose a 3D CAD knee joint model to which muscles and ligaments were added. Into the assembly the designed finite element PROSPON prosthesis model was integrated and an analysis focused on the PEEK-OPTIMA hinge pin bushing stress state was carried out. To confirm the stress state analysis results, contact pressure was investigated. The analysis was performed in the knee-bending position within 15.4-69.4° hip joint flexion range. RESULTS: The results showed that the maximum stress achieved during the analysis (46.6 MPa) did not exceed the yield strength of the material (90 MPa); the condition of plastic stability was therefore met. The stress state analysis results were confirmed by the distribution of contact pressure during knee-bending. CONCLUSION: The applicability of our designed finite element model for the real implant behaviour prediction was proven on the basis of good correlation of the analytical and experimental ankle flexion angle data.
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- analýza metodou konečných prvků MeSH
- analýza selhání vybavení MeSH
- biologické modely * MeSH
- design s pomocí počítače MeSH
- kolenní kloub patofyziologie MeSH
- kosterní svaly patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mechanický stres MeSH
- modul pružnosti MeSH
- nádory kostí patofyziologie chirurgie MeSH
- pevnost v tahu MeSH
- pevnost v tlaku MeSH
- počítačová simulace MeSH
- protetické vybavení metody MeSH
- protézy - design MeSH
- protézy kolene * MeSH
- šlachy patofyziologie MeSH
- software MeSH
- svalová kontrakce MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- validační studie MeSH
- MeSH
- analýza metodou konečných prvků * MeSH
- kolenní kloub anatomie a histologie fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely anatomické MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Alcohol use has been identified as a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis. Eight male Wistar rats at two months of age were alcoho-fed (7.6 g 95 % ethanol/kg b.w. per day) to evaluate the effects of long-term administration (three months) of alcohol in drinking water. We have used a dose which is considered to be comparable to a dose of 1 liter of wine or 2.5 liters of 12° beer used in male adults daily. The bones were tested mechanically by a three-point bending test in a Mini Bionix (MTS) testing system. The bones from alcohol-fed rats were characterized by a reduction in bone density as well as in ash, calcium and phosphate content. In alcohol-fed rats the reduction in bone mineral density (10 %) was reflected by about 12 % reduction of mechanical strength of femur (158±5.5 vs. 178±3.2 N/mm2). Alcohol significantly altered femoral cortical thickness. In our experiment alcohol itself did not exert any antiandrogenic effect and it did not produce changes in the weight of seminal vesicles. Liver function test (GGT, ALP, AST) did not differ between alcohol-fed rats and control rats. Alcohol-induced bone loss is associated with increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. These results document the efficacy of alcohol at the dose of 7.6 g 95 % ethanol/kg b.w. to cause bone loss and loss of bone mechanical strength in intact rats. The results of the present study may be interpreted as supporting the hypothesis of alcohol as a risk factor for osteoporosis.
- MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- biomechanika MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- enzymy krev MeSH
- ethanol aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- femur metabolismus patologie účinky léků MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- fosfáty krev MeSH
- jaterní testy MeSH
- játra enzymologie účinky léků MeSH
- kostní denzita účinky léků MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- osteogeneze účinky léků MeSH
- osteoporóza chemicky indukované metabolismus patologie MeSH
- pití alkoholu MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- resorpce kosti chemicky indukované metabolismus patologie MeSH
- semenné váčky účinky léků MeSH
- vápník krev MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
Moderní léčebnou metodou lokálního ohraničeného poškození zdravé kloubní chrupavky je transplantace štěpů kultivovaných autologních chondrocytů na poškozené místo. Po transplantaci, která je provedena artroskopicky, se transplantát hojí přibližně rok. Pro sledování pooperační fáze hojení transplantátu bylo vyvinuto dotykové měřidlo pro měření tuhosti kloubní chrupavky. Dotykové měřidlo je artroskopický diagnostický nástroj, kterým je porovnána tuhost fyziologické a transplantované chrupavky pacienta. Funkce je založena na snímání deformace měřící části, která je při artroskopickém zákroku vsunuta do kloubu a přitlačena k povrchu chrupavky. Cílem práce bylo navrhnout konstrukční řešení měřidla, navrhnout elektrické vybavení, kalibrace měřidla, ověření měřících metod a plná automatizace měřícího procesu. Konstrukce a funkce měřidla je v souladu s náročnými požadavky na artroskopický diagnostický nástroj.
Modern surgical healing method of large local defects placed on the physiological articular cartilage was transplantation of cultivated autologous chondrocyt graft on the defect. First, there was sample healthy chondrocyt tissue of patient. This tissue was cultivated and after that was transplanted back on the defect. Surgical investigation was done arthroscopicly. Transplanted tissue had different mechanical properties in comparison with physiologic tissue. Graft healed approximately one year and then the mechanical properties were the same. For the purpose of monitoring of surgical phase healing graft with clinical practise indentation instrument for the measurement of cartilage stiffness was developed. Indentation instrument was arthroscopic diagnostic instrument which compared stiffness of physiological and transplanted cartilage of the patient. The result of patient investigation was percentage value of stiffness of transplanted cartilage. By means of the result was given diagnosis. Cartilage stiffness was measured by the front indentation part which was inserted into the joint and pressed to the surface of the physiological and transplanted cartilage during investigation. Function of indentation instrument was based on measurement of the bending deformation of indentation part. Indentation part consisted of two beams, external tube and internal rod. Deformation was measured by three strain gauges which were placed on perimeter of external indentation part and two strain gauges on internal indentation part. Each of the three external strain gauges were connected to own Wheatstone bridge and there were three output signals from them. Other two internal strain gauges were connected to one Wheatstone bridge and there was only one output signal. Output signals obtained from the strain gauges were processed and analyzed automatically. It was necessary to ensure always the same conditions of measurements for correct result and repeatability of measurements. The conditions of measurements were value of indentation force and value of angle deviation of force application. The three output signals from strain gauges of external indentation part were used for calculation of measurements conditions. The one output signal from two strain gauges of internal part was used for cartilage stiffness measurement. Value of this output signal was saved for investigation of transplanted and physiological cartilage for the same conditions of measurements. Value of signal for investigation of physiological cartilage determined the maximum stiffness. Values of signals were compared and the result was percentage value of stiffness of transplanted cartilage. Design of indentation instrument corresponded to exacting requirement on arthroscopic diagnostic instrument. The indentation instrument was reliable and safe in wet environment, made from biocompatible materials, waterproof, chemical resistant and had small weight.
- MeSH
- artroskopie metody trendy využití MeSH
- autologní transplantace metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- chondrocyty transplantace MeSH
- diagnostické techniky a postupy využití MeSH
- diagnostické vybavení využití MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kloubní chrupavka patologie transplantace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ortopedické vybavení využití MeSH
- ortopedické výkony metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- regenerace fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- biomedicínské inženýrství metody trendy MeSH
- diagnostické zobrazování trendy využití MeSH
- laboratoře organizace a řízení trendy využití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely anatomické MeSH
- muskuloskeletální systém MeSH
- totální endoprotéza kolene metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- výzkumný projekt MeSH
- zdravotnické prostředky MeSH
- zobrazování trojrozměrné metody trendy využití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Tobacco, containing nicotine as the principal pharmacologically active chemical, has been identified as being a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis. Thirty-two male Wistar rats of two months of age were castrated or sham operated to evaluate the effects of long-term administration (four months) of nicotine in drinking water (9.0 mg/kg/day). The presence of cotinine in urine confirmed successful delivery of nicotine. The bones were tested mechanically by a three point bending test in a Mini Bionix (MTA) testing system. The bones from castrated rats were characterized by a reduction in bone density as well as ash, calcium and phosphate content. Castration significantly altered mechanical properties of bone (9%) and femoral cortical thickness. When intact rats were treated with a high dose of nicotine, nicotine had negative effect on tibial bone density as well as ash, calcium, phosphate content and significantly altered the mechanical properties of bone (12%) and femoral cortical thickness compared to intact animals. Nicotine itself does not exert any anti-androgenic effect and does not produce changes in the weight of seminal vesicles. Nicotine-induced bone loss is associated with high bone turnover in the male rats as expressed by increased TrACP and B-ALP. When castrated rats were treated with the high dose of nicotine the changes in bone density resulting from castration were not further potentiated. These results document the efficacy of nicotine at high doses to cause bone loss and loss of bone mechanical strength in intact rats. The results of the present study may be interpreted as supporting the hypothesis of nicotine as a risk factor for osteoporosis.
- MeSH
- alkalická fosfatasa krev MeSH
- čas MeSH
- femur účinky léků MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hodnotící studie jako téma MeSH
- kostní denzita účinky léků MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- nikotin aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- orchiektomie MeSH
- pevnost v tlaku účinky léků MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- tibie účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Lázeňská léčba dětí s respiračním onemocněním je integrální součástí jejich komplexního léčebného programu. Cílem studie je ově ření účinků komplexní lázeňské léčby u dětí s respiračním onemocněním a farmako-ekonomické zhodnocení. Po absolvování komplexní lázeňské lé čby bylo prokázáno snížení nemocnosti, pokles spotřeby léků včetně antibiot ik a bylo zhodnoceno čerpání finančních prostředků ze zdravot ního pojištění spotřebovaných pacientem před a po absolvování komplexní lázeňské léčby.
The curative healing treatment of children with respiratory diseases is an integral part of their complex healing program. The aims of the study are to examine the effects of complex healing treatment of children with respiratory diseases and its pharmaco-economical evaluatio n. To complete the complex healing treatment proved the decrease of morbidity, the decrease of medicine consumption including antibiotics and consecutively the use of health insurance finances before and after the complex healing treatment was assessed.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- ekonomika farmaceutická statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- komplexní zdravotní péče ekonomika metody organizace a řízení MeSH
- lázně ekonomika normy statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- náklady na léky statistika a číselné údaje trendy MeSH
- nemoci dýchací soustavy rehabilitace terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
Lázeňská léčba dětí s respiračním onemocněním je integrální součás tí jejich komplexního léčebného programu. Cílem studie je ově ření účinků komplexní lázeňské léčby u dětí s respiračním onemocněním a farmakoekonomické zhodnocení. Po absolvování komplexní lázeňské léč by bylo prokázáno snížení nemocnosti, pokles spotřeby léků včetně antibiot ik a bylo zhodnoceno čerpání finančních prostředků ze zdravot ního pojištění spotřebovaných pacientem před a po absolvování komplexní lázeňské léčby. Trvající trend snižování nemocnosti, pokles spotřeby l éků a tím snižování čerpání finančních prostředků ze zdravotn ího pojištění je zřejmý po opakovaných pobytech.
The curative healing treatment of children with respiratory dise ases is an integral part of their complex healing program. The aims of the study are to examine the effects of complex healing treatment of children with respiratory diseases and its pharmaco-economical evaluatio n. To complete the complex healing treatment proved the decrease of valetudinariani sm, the decrease of medicine consumption including antibiotics and consecutively the use of health insurance finances before and after the comple x healing treatment was assessed. The last trend of decreasing valetudinarianism, diminution of medicine consumption and thus decreasing the use of finances from health insurance are obvious after iterative visits.
- MeSH
- adjuvancia imunologická ekonomika terapeutické užití MeSH
- antibakteriální látky ekonomika terapeutické užití MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- ekonomika farmaceutická statistika a číselné údaje trendy MeSH
- hormony kůry nadledvin ekonomika terapeutické užití MeSH
- klimatoterapie využití MeSH
- lázně ekonomika statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- nemoci dýchací soustavy farmakoterapie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
