OBJECTIVES: Excessive screen use in early school age is associated with worsened health habits and negative child development in later age. We aimed to assess the time spent on modern and traditional screen-based devices and examine its associations with socio-demographic characteristics. METHODS: This population-based cross-sectional observation study was conducted in Czechia, Slovakia and Finland between April and June 2021. Participants (N = 1,915) were parents/caregivers of children attending elementary school grades 1 to 3, selected by stratified random sampling. Children's daily leisure screen time (LST) based on parental reports was the main outcome. Descriptive statistics, mean comparison and linear regression analysis were used for the analysis. RESULTS: The average daily LST was found to be as high as 3.5 hours and significantly associated with most socio-demographic variables. Eighty percent of children exceeded the threshold of two hours of LST per day, which was formerly introduced by the American Academy of Pediatrics. The most important predictor of LST in children was having their screen-based device(s) for their exclusive personal use (EPU). Linear regression with all predictors assessed together confirmed the significant effect of the screen-based devices' EPU, the child's sex and grade, the child's birth order and the parent's education, even when controlled for media parenting practices. CONCLUSIONS: Given the widespread availability of smartphones for exclusive personal use among young children, the regulation of EPU and the reinforcement of effective media parenting practices, particularly in families with lower education and income, are critical public health strategies to mitigate the negative impact of excessive screen time on child development and overall well-being.
- MeSH
- čas strávený před obrazovkou * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- sociodemografické faktory MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- volnočasové aktivity * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Finsko MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Children's excessive screen use is associated with health risks such as obesity, sleep problems, attention problems, and others. The effect of parental regulative efforts focused on screen/media use (media parenting) is currently unclear and difficult to examine given the heterogeneity of measuring tools used for its assessment. We aimed to develop an inventory that would enable reliable and valid measurement of media parenting practices (especially active and restrictive mediation) in parents of primary school children. The inventory builds on existing tools, it is comprehensive, yet easy to use in research setting. The original MEPA-36 (36 items) and revised MEPA-20 (20 items) inventories were examined using data from 341 Czech and Slovak parents of children aged between 6 and 10 years. Psychometrical properties were estimated using confirmatory factor and reliability analyses. Model fit was better for MEPA-20 and similar to other currently available tools. Both active and restrictive mediation subscales demonstrated high internal consistency. The internal consistency of newly constructed risky mediation subscales (risky active, risky restrictive, and over-protective mediation) was low. MEPA-20, especially active and restrictive mediation subscales, can be recommended for research on media parenting in context of screen/media use of school-aged children.
The COVID-19 outbreak and related restrictions meant a higher incidence of screen-related risk behaviors in both children and adolescents. Our goal was to assess the perceived importance and extent of school-based preventions related to these risks during the long-term, nation-wide distant schooling period in the Czech Republic. The online survey was responded to by the school-based prevention specialists (N = 1698). For the analysis, within-subject analysis of variance (ANOVA) and binominal logistic regression were used. At-risk internet use and cyber-bullying were perceived as pressing, but other risks, for example, excessive internet use or the use of cyberpornography, received substantially less priority. The differences in all grades were significant and moderate to large (η2G between 0.156 and 0.288). The proportion of schools which conducted prevention interventions of screen-related risks was low (between 0.7% and 27.8%, depending on the grade and the type of the risk). The probability of delivering prevention intervention was in all grades significantly predicted by the presence of screen-related problems in pupils (OR 3.76-4.88) and the perceived importance of the screen-related risks (OR 1.55-1.97). The limited capacity of schools to deliver prevention interventions during distant schooling as well as the low awareness and impaired ability to recognize the importance of some screen-related risks should be addressed.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- epidemický výskyt choroby MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- riskování MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- školy MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Článek představuje a analyzuje současná doporučení týkající se dětského užívání digitálních technologií (resp. obrazovek), která pocházejí od světových zdravotnických organizací. Na základě těchto doporučení článek navrhuje nástroje pro screening a primární prevenci rizikového užívání "obrazovek" v pediatrické ordinaci. Nástroje jsou rozděleny dle věkových kategorií na (1) doporučení pro nejmenší děti (0-5 let), (2) doporučení pro mladší školní věk (6-10 let) a (3) doporučení pro starší školní věk a dospívající mládež (11+).
The article presents and analyzes current recommendations concerning children's use of digital technologies (or screens). Based on these recommendations, the article proposes tools for screening and primary prevention of risky use of screens in the pediatric office. The screening tools are divided according to age categories into (1) recommendations for the youngest children (0-5 years), (2) recommendations for younger school age (6-10 years) and (3) recommendations for older school age and adolescents (11+).
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- informační technologie * MeSH
- kognitivní poruchy etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- poruchy spánku a bdění etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- primární prevence MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
- televize MeSH
- vývoj dítěte * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
Digital media availability has surged over the past decade. Because of a lack of comprehensive measurement tools, this rapid growth in access to digital media is accompanied by a scarcity of research examining the family media context and sociocognitive outcomes. There is also little cross-cultural research in families with young children. Modern media are mobile, interactive, and often short in duration, making them difficult to remember when caregivers respond to surveys about media use. The Comprehensive Assessment of Family Media Exposure (CAFE) Consortium has developed a novel tool to measure household media use through a web-based questionnaire, time-use diary, and passive-sensing app installed on family mobile devices. The goal of developing a comprehensive assessment of family media exposure was to take into account the contextual factors of media use and improve upon the limitations of existing self-report measures, while creating a consistent, scalable, and cost-effective tool. The CAFE tool captures the content and context of early media exposure and addresses the limitations of prior media measurement approaches. Preliminary data collected using this measure have been integrated into a shared visualization platform. In this perspective article, we take a tools-of-the-trade approach (Oakes, 2010) to describe four challenges associated with measuring household media exposure in families with young children: measuring attitudes and practices; capturing content and context; measuring short bursts of mobile device usage; and integrating data to capture the complexity of household media usage. We illustrate how each of these challenges can be addressed with preliminary data collected with the CAFE tool and visualized on our dashboard. We conclude with future directions including plans to test reliability, validity, and generalizability of these measures.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Článek se věnuje nejdůležitějším tématům v rámci otázky zdravého přístupu dětí k technologiím: 1. problematika modrého světla a jeho dopadu na dětský spánek, 2. používání obrazovek pro urychlení kognitivního vývoje a 3. rané vystavování obrazovkám a pozdější rozvoj ADD/ADHD. S ohledem na kritické milníky kognitivního vývoje diskutujeme nejvíce rizikovou skupinu, tedy děti ve věku 0 až 6 let. Text shrnuje hlavní po-znatky z aktuálního zahraničního a tuzemského výzkumu, přiložen je i přehled zdravých zásad používání technologií u batolat a předškoláků.
The article focuses on the most important topics within the issue of healthy usage of technology in children: 1. blue light and its impact on childhood sleep, 2. the use of screens to accelerate cognitive development, and 3. the early screen exposure and later development of ADD/ADHD. With regard to the critical milestones of cognitive development, we discuss the most risky group, i.e. children aged 0 to 6 years. The text summarizes the main findings from current foreign and domestic research, and is accompanied by the basic guidelines of technology use in toddlers and preschool children.
- MeSH
- hyperkinetická porucha * diagnóza etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- informační technologie klasifikace trendy MeSH
- kognitivní poruchy diagnóza etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poruchy spánku a bdění etiologie klasifikace prevence a kontrola MeSH
- poruchy učení * diagnóza etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma normy MeSH
- televize * trendy MeSH
- vývoj dítěte fyziologie klasifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Článek se věnuje nejdůležitějším tématům v rámci otázky zdravého přístupu dětí k technologiím: 1. problematika modrého světla a jeho dopadu na dětský spánek, 2. používání obrazovek pro urychlení kognitivního vývoje a 3. rané vystavování obrazovkám a pozdější rozvoj ADD/ADHD. S ohledem na kritické milníky kognitivního vývoje diskutujeme nejvíce rizikovou skupinu, tedy děti ve věku 0 až 6 let. Text shrnuje hlavní poznatky z aktuálního zahraničního a tuzemského výzkumu, přiložen je i přehled zdravých zásad používání technologií u batolat a předškoláků.
The article focuses on the most important topics within the issue of healthy usage of technology in children: 1. blue light and its impact on childhood sleep, 2. the use of screens to accelerate cognitive development, and 3. the early screen exposure and later development of ADD/ADHD. With regard to the critical milestones of cognitive development, we discuss the most risky group, i.e. children aged 0 to 6 years. The text summarizes the main findings from current foreign and domestic research, and is accompanied by the basic guidelines of technology use in toddlers and preschool children.
- MeSH
- hyperkinetická porucha * diagnóza etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- informační technologie klasifikace trendy MeSH
- kognitivní poruchy diagnóza etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poruchy spánku a bdění etiologie klasifikace prevence a kontrola MeSH
- poruchy učení * diagnóza etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma normy MeSH
- televize * trendy MeSH
- vývoj dítěte fyziologie klasifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
