RATIONALE: Development of new drugs for treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires valid paradigms for testing their efficacy and sensitive tests validated in translational research. OBJECTIVES: We present validation of a place-navigation task, a Hidden Goal Task (HGT) based on the Morris water maze (MWM), in comparable animal and human protocols. METHODS: We used scopolamine to model cognitive dysfunction similar to that seen in AD and donepezil, a symptomatic medication for AD, to assess its potential reversible effect on this scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction. We tested the effects of scopolamine and the combination of scopolamine and donepezil on place navigation and compared their effects in human and rat versions of the HGT. Place navigation testing consisted of 4 sessions of HGT performed at baseline, 2, 4, and 8 h after dosing in humans or 1, 2.5, and 5 h in rats. RESULTS: Scopolamine worsened performance in both animals and humans. In the animal experiment, co-administration of donepezil alleviated the negative effect of scopolamine. In the human experiment, subjects co-administered with scopolamine and donepezil performed similarly to subjects on placebo and scopolamine, indicating a partial ameliorative effect of donepezil. CONCLUSIONS: In the task based on the MWM, scopolamine impaired place navigation, while co-administration of donepezil alleviated this effect in comparable animal and human protocols. Using scopolamine and donepezil to challenge place navigation testing can be studied concurrently in animals and humans and may be a valid and reliable model for translational research, as well as for preclinical and clinical phases of drug trials.

• MeSH
• antagonisté muskarinových receptorů farmakologie   MeSH
• bludiště - učení účinky léků   MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory farmakologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• indany farmakologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• piperidiny farmakologie   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• prostorová navigace účinky léků   MeSH
• skopolamin farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

The adamantane moiety is the structural backbone of numerous compounds and its discovery launched a new field of chemistry studying the approaches to the synthesis as well as the physicochemical and biological properties of organic polyhedral compounds with practical application in the pharmaceutical industry. Adamantane derivatives have proven to be very potent compounds in a wide range of applications from systemic to topical therapy. This review summarizes the currently available adamantane derivatives in clinical practice (amantadine, memantine, rimantadine, tromantadine, adapalene, saxagliptin, vildagliptin), focusing on mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical trials. The adamantane-based compounds presented in this manuscript have been approved for a wide spectrum of indications (antivirals, antidiabetics and against Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease). Each of the compounds proved to be of vital importance in their therapeutic indication for numerous patients worldwide. This review also considers the mechanisms of side effects to deliver a complete perspective on current treatment options.

• MeSH
• adamantan analogy a deriváty   farmakokinetika   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc farmakoterapie   MeSH
• antivirové látky chemie   farmakokinetika   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• chřipka lidská farmakoterapie   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu farmakoterapie   MeSH
• hypoglykemika chemie   farmakokinetika   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Evidence suggests that accumulation and aggregation of α-synuclein contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) will provide a sensitive tool for differentiating between α-synuclein-overexpressing transgenic mouse model of PD (TNWT-61) and wild-type (WT) littermates. This experiment was designed as a proof-of-concept study and forms a part of a complex protocol and ongoing translational research. Nine-month-old TNWT-61 mice and age-matched WT littermates underwent behavioral tests to monitor motor impairment and MRI scanning using 9.4 Tesla system in vivo. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and the DKI protocol were used to compare the whole brain white matter of TNWT-61 and WT mice. In addition, region of interest (ROI) analysis was performed in gray matter regions such as substantia nigra, striatum, hippocampus, sensorimotor cortex, and thalamus known to show higher accumulation of α-synuclein. For the ROI analysis, both DKI (6 b-values) protocol and conventional (2 b-values) diffusion tensor imaging (cDTI) protocol were used. TNWT-61 mice showed significant impairment of motor coordination. With the DKI protocol, mean, axial, and radial kurtosis were found to be significantly elevated, whereas mean and radial diffusivity were decreased in the TNWT-61 group compared to that in the WT controls with both TBSS and ROI analysis. With the cDTI protocol, the ROI analysis showed decrease in all diffusivity parameters in TNWT-61 mice. The current study provides evidence that DKI by providing both kurtosis and diffusivity parameters gives unique information that is complementary to cDTI for in vivo detection of pathological changes that underlie PD-like symptomatology in TNWT-61 mouse model of PD. This result is a crucial step in search for a candidate diagnostic biomarker with translational potential and relevance for human studies.

• MeSH
• alfa-synuklein metabolismus   MeSH
• difuzní magnetická rezonance metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• mozek metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• myši transgenní MeSH
• myši MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• pohybová aktivita MeSH
• zobrazování difuzních tenzorů metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc * MeSH
• kongresy jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• úvodní články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• MeSH
• demence MeSH
• geriatrie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stárnutí MeSH
• Check Tag
• senioři MeSH

• Konspekt
• Geriatrie
• NLK Obory
• geriatrie
• neurologie

• MeSH
• demence MeSH
• stárnutí MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Publikační typ
• sborníky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Geriatrie
• NLK Obory
• geriatrie
• psychiatrie