Life cycles of parasites, particularly those with complex life histories and developmental pathways, are rarely preserved as fossils in total.1 The evidence is almost universally biased toward incomplete perspectives derived from a single sex or life stage.2,3 Here, we report a piece of Cretaceous Burmese amber that contains 28 males, a larviform female, and two longipede larvae of the wedge-shaped beetle Paleoripiphorus, and its potential cockroach host. Collectively, this fossil represents the complete series of free-living stages (except of the last larval instar) for a 99-million-year-old parasitoid insect from Myanmar (Figure 1 and Supplemental Information). The wedge-shaped beetles (Ripiphoridae) are of special interest among parasitoids because of their obligatory, protelean development in larvae of cockroaches, beetles, bees and wasps.4.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora (Pennell) Hong is important medicinal plant that is native to the eastern Himalayas and Hengduan mountains in China. It is also distributed in Nepal, north east India, Bhutan and northern Myanmar. Plant parts are traditionally used against different kinds of diseases and various compounds present in different plant parts are also effective against many diseases. Thus, N. scrophulariiflora has a high potential to maintain human health. AIM OF THE REVIEW: Although N. scrophulariiflora is very important and widely studied plant species but there is no comprehensive up-to-date review of published and unpublished literature. So, in the present article we have compiled and critically commented on the botanical characteristics, traditional uses, plant growth and cultivation, micropropagation, conservation status, secondary metabolites, pharmacology and toxicity of the plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Extensive literature searches both electronic online databases (Google Scholar, Scopus, Springer Link, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, PubMed, ChemSpider, USPTO, Google patents and Espacenet) and library visits in Nepal were carried out to collect the literature on information published prior to April 2019. RESULTS: N. scrophulariiflora was traditionally used for 82 ailments/diseases. There are 124 major phytochemicals extracted from the plant. Several compounds are effective in bioactivity. Pharmacologically, the plant is proved to be anti-atherosclerotic, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory in-vivo studies, and antimicrobial, antimalarial, antioxidative, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory and nerve growth factor potentiating from in-vitro studies. Renal improvement activities were confirmed from both in-vivo and in-vitro studies. Toxicological tests and a single clinical trial in human beings have supported the notion that the plant is not poisonous but beneficial for curing wide ranges of diseases. CONCLUSION: N. scrophulariiflora is valuable medicinal plant that can serve as promising source of non-harmful and potential medicinal herbal remedies for human beings.
- MeSH
- etnofarmakologie * MeSH
- jitrocelovité chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- tradiční lékařství metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Bhútán MeSH
- Čína MeSH
- Indie MeSH
- Myanmar MeSH
- Nepál MeSH
The Schistura robertsi species complex is a group of freshwater fish inhabiting streams in southeast Myanmar as well as in western and southern Thailand. In southern Thailand, the distribution exceeds the biogeographically important 'Surat Thani - Krabi line'. The complex is believed to include five described and one undescribed species, but monophyly and systematics of the group have never been studied explicitly. The present study aims to resolve the number of species within the Schistura robertsi group as well as their distribution areas and phylogenetic relations. We analysed mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data of 86 specimens from 47 localities and 18 morphological characters of 193 specimens. The phylogenetic analyses revealed the S. robertsi complex to be monophyletic and to be composed of ten major lineages. Six of them correspond to the known described or undescribed species, but another four newly identified clades reveal the existence of an overlooked diversity within the group. All genetic lineages are statistically highly supported and all are morphologically diagnosable, suggesting that they represent distinct species. The distribution areas of several clades overlap, the cases of direct co-occurrence show no sign of hybridisation.
- MeSH
- Bayesova věta MeSH
- biodiverzita * MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- kalibrace MeSH
- máloostní anatomie a histologie klasifikace MeSH
- zeměpis MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Myanmar MeSH
- Thajsko MeSH
Vydání první 446 stran, 16 nečíslovaných stran obrazových příloh : barevné ilustrace ; 23 cm
Marine byla ve 23 letech diagnostikována roztroušená skleróza. Naléhavost situace ji přivedla k úvaze: To ty jsi onemocněla, proto je třeba, abys hledala řešení v sobě samé. Rozhodla se nemoc brát jako zvláštní dar od života. Pustila se do zahradničení a péče o svou květinu s cílem otupit její trny a přimět ji sdílet s ní zvolenou životní cestu. Jaká byla nakonec její léčba? Projekt, o kterém už dávno snila: cestování. Knihovny.cz; Marine byla v jejích třiadvaceti letech diagnostikována roztroušená skleróza. Naléhavost situace, v níž se musela rychle rozhodnout, zda se léčit nebo ne, a nedostatek informací ji přivedly k úvaze: „ To ty jsi onemocněla, proto je třeba, abys hledala řešení v sobě samé.“ Rozhodla se nemoc brát jako zvláštní dar od života. Svou R(oztroušenou) S(klerózu) pojmenovala Rosy a pustila se do „zahradničení“ a péče o svou květinu s cílem otupit její trny a přimět ji sdílet s ní zvolenou životní cestu. Jaká byla nakonec její léčba? Projekt, o kterém už dávno snila: cestování. Vybrala k tomu tři země: „Nový Zéland se stane místem, kde se pokusím znovu objevit své tělo, hlouběji ho procítit, abych ho mohla líp chránit. V Barmě se pokusím ovládnout svou mysl pomocí meditace. Naostřím tak svou nejlepší zbraň proti RS. Mongolsko se stane zkušebním kamenem mé duše, kterou jsem až dosud zanedbávala, třebaže je nositelem paměti. Jaký si dám cíl? Nalézt rovnováhu, kterou se moje RS snaží rozbít.“ Marine se obrací ke každému z nás. Naučme se spolu s ní věřit v sebe a ve své sny.
- MeSH
- cestování MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * psychologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- autobiografie MeSH
- populární práce MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Mongolsko MeSH
- Myanmar MeSH
- Nový Zéland MeSH
- Konspekt
- Geografie jako věda. Výzkum. Cestování
- Biografie
- NLK Obory
- neurologie
- psychologie, klinická psychologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- cestopisy
- O autorovi
- Barnérias, Marine Autorita
Pyrrhalta Joannis, 1865 species with maculate elytra are revised. Pyrrhalta maculata is shown to be a complex of several species. Seven species are recognized: P. maculata Gressitt Kimoto, 1963 (Fujian, Taiwan), P. carolusi sp. nov. (Laos, Thailand), P. kaboureki sp. nov. (Sumatra), P. kambaitiensis sp. nov. (Myanmar), P. lucka sp. nov. (Laos, Thailand, Yunnan), P. schillhammeri sp. nov. (Laos) and P. tsoui sp. nov. (Taiwan). Colour photos of habitus, as well as drawings of male and female genitalia are provided.
The Agrilus vittatus species-group comprising fifteen species from the Oriental region is defined and revised. A key to species is provided and complemented with illustrations of habitus and genitalia. Five new species are described: Agrilus acacivorus sp. nov. (Myanmar); A. albizivorus sp. nov. (North India, Nepal); A. coco sp. nov. (Philippines); A. monadikos sp. nov. (Laos) and A. occultus sp. nov. (Laos, Thailand). Seven new junior subjective synonyms are proposed for following taxa: Agrilus babaulti Théry, 1930 (= bonadonai Descarpentries Villiers, 1963 syn.nov.); A. terraereginae Blackburn, 1892 (= deerratus Curletti, 2006 syn.nov.) and A. viridicupreus Saunders, 1866 (= cylindratus Kerremans, 1896 syn.nov., = albizziae Fisher, 1935 syn.nov., = javicola Fisher, 1935 syn.nov., = cariosulus Obenberger, 1935 syn.nov., = theodasae Baudon, 1968 syn.nov.).
The K13 propeller domain mutation and pfmdr1 amplification have been proposed as useful molecular markers for detection and monitoring of artemisinin resistant Plasmodium falciparum Welch, 1897. Genomic DNA isolates of P. falciparum was extracted from 235 dried blood spot or whole blood samples collected from patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria residing in areas along the Thai-Myanmar border during 2006-2010. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were performed to detect mutations in K13 propeller domain of P. falciparum at codon 427-709. Pfmdr1 gene copy number was determined by SYBR Green I real-time PCR. High prevalence of pfmdr1 multiple copies was observed (42.5% of isolates). The presence of K13 mutations was low (40/235, 17.2%). Seventeen mutations had previously been reported and six mutations were newly detected. The C580Y was found in two isolates (0.9%). The F446I, N458Y and P574L mutations were commonly detected. Seven isolates had both K13 mutation and pfmdr1 multiple copies. It needs to be confirmed whether parasites harbouring both K13 mutation and pfmdr1 multiple copies and/or the observed new mutations of K13 propeller domain are associated with clinical artemisinin resistance.
- MeSH
- antimalarika farmakologie MeSH
- artesunát farmakologie MeSH
- fixní kombinace léků MeSH
- léková rezistence genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- meflochin farmakologie MeSH
- motiv kelch MeSH
- Plasmodium falciparum účinky léků genetika MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- proteiny spojené s mnohočetnou rezistencí k lékům analýza MeSH
- protozoální proteiny analýza MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Myanmar MeSH
- Thajsko MeSH
The newly defined Agrilus wittemani species-group comprising six species from South and Southeast Asia is revised based on the examination of type specimens. A key to species is provided and complemented with illustrations of habitus and genitalia. The following three new species are described: Agrilus amplinotus sp. nov.; A. stigmula sp. nov.; A. stigmulifer sp. nov.
- MeSH
- anatomické struktury zvířat MeSH
- brouci * MeSH
- rozšíření zvířat MeSH
- velikost orgánu MeSH
- velikost těla MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Indie MeSH
- Myanmar MeSH
- MeSH
- cestování * MeSH
- infekční nemoci MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- vakcinace MeSH
- zdravotnické služby MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Myanmar MeSH
The poorly known proteocephalidean cestode Macrobothriotaenia ficta (Meggitt, 1931) from the sunbeam snake Xenopeltis unicolor (Ophidia: Xenopeltidae) is redescribed on the basis of re-examination of its type specimens from Burma (Myanmar), and vouchers from Thailand and Vietnam. The peculiar morphology of the scolex, which is formed by four pedunculate lobe-bearing pincer-shaped suckers, is described for the first time using scanning electron microscopy. In scolex morphology, M. ficta closely resembles phyllobothriidean cestodes, parasites of elasmobranchs. However, this similarity does not reflect phylogenetic relatedness of these cestodes but instead presents an example of convergent morphological evolution of attachment organs of unrelated groups of cestodes that parasitize different groups of vertebrates. Besides scolex morphology, the genus is characterised by the possession of a very large cirrus-sac, which may reach up to the midline of proglottides, few testes (less than 60), vitelline follicles limited to the dorsal side of proglottides, a large vaginal sphincter, and eggs with a three-layered embryophore covered with rounded projections. Numerous errors in the diagnosis of M. ficta, which appeared in the literature as a result of uncritical compilation of data without examination of original material, are corrected. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal RNA genes ssr- and lsr-DNA and mitochondrial genes rrnL and cox1 place this species among other snake-parasitizing proteocephalideans of the genus Ophiotaenia. The convergent evolution of scolex morphology across distantly related taxa is discussed.
- MeSH
- anatomické struktury zvířat anatomie a histologie MeSH
- biologická evoluce MeSH
- Cestoda anatomie a histologie klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- cestodózy parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- hadi klasifikace parazitologie MeSH
- rozšíření zvířat MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Myanmar MeSH
- Vietnam MeSH
