High-grain feeding used in the animal production is known to affect the host rumen bacterial community, but our understanding of consequent changes in goats is limited. This study was therefore aimed to evaluate bacterial population dynamics during 20 days adaptation of 4 ruminally cannulated goats to the high-grain diet (grain: hay - ratio of 40:60). The dietary transition of goats from the forage to the high-grain-diet resulted in the significant decrease of rumen fluid pH, which was however still higher than value established for acute or subacute ruminal acidosis was not diagnosed in studied animals. DGGE analysis demonstrated distinct ruminal microbial populations in hay-fed and grain-fed animals, but the substantial animal-to-animal variation were detected. Quantitative PCR showed for grain-fed animals significantly higher number of bacteria belonging to Clostridium leptum group at 10 days after the incorporation of corn into the diet and significantly lower concentration of bacteria belonging to Actinobacteria phylum at the day 20 after dietary change. Taxonomic distribution analysed by NGS at day 20 revealed the similar prevalence of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in all goats, significantly higher presence of the unclassified genus of groups of Bacteroidales and Ruminococcaceae in grain-fed animals and significantly higher presence the genus Prevotella and Butyrivibrio in the forage-fed animals. The three different culture-independent methods used in this study show that high proportion of concentrate in goat diet does not induce any serious disturbance of their rumen ecosystem and indicate the good adaptive response of caprine ruminal bacteria to incorporation of corn into the diet.
- MeSH
- Actinobacteria classification genetics metabolism MeSH
- Rumen microbiology MeSH
- Bacteroidetes classification genetics metabolism MeSH
- Butyrivibrio classification genetics metabolism MeSH
- Clostridium classification genetics metabolism MeSH
- Fermentation MeSH
- Firmicutes classification genetics metabolism MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena * MeSH
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MeSH
- Goats MeSH
- Animal Feed analysis MeSH
- Zea mays chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Poaceae chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Gastric Fistula MeSH
- Prevotella classification genetics metabolism MeSH
- Ruminococcus classification genetics metabolism MeSH
- Sequence Analysis, DNA MeSH
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome physiology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
The mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome, which plays indispensable roles in host nutrition and health, is affected by numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Among them, antibiotic (ATB) treatment is reported to have a significant effect on GI microbiome composition in humans and other animals. However, the impact of ATBs on the GI microbiome of free-ranging or even captive great apes remains poorly characterized. Here, we investigated the effect of cephalosporin treatment (delivered by intramuscular dart injection during a serious respiratory outbreak) on the GI microbiome of a wild habituated group of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in the Dzanga Sangha Protected Areas, Central African Republic. We examined 36 fecal samples from eight individuals, including samples before and after ATB treatment, and characterized the GI microbiome composition using Illumina-MiSeq sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The GI microbial profiles of samples from the same individuals before and after ATB administration indicate that the ATB treatment impacts GI microbiome stability and the relative abundance of particular bacterial taxa within the colonic ecosystem of wild gorillas. We observed a statistically significant increase in Firmicutes and a decrease in Bacteroidetes levels after ATB treatment. We found disruption of the fibrolytic community linked with a decrease of Ruminoccocus levels as a result of ATB treatment. Nevertheless, the nature of the changes observed after ATB treatment differs among gorillas and thus is dependent on the individual host. This study has important implications for ecology, management, and conservation of wild primates.
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology MeSH
- Bacteroidetes growth & development MeSH
- Cephalosporins pharmacology MeSH
- Feces microbiology MeSH
- Firmicutes growth & development MeSH
- Gorilla gorilla microbiology MeSH
- Ape Diseases drug therapy MeSH
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics MeSH
- Ruminococcus growth & development MeSH
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome drug effects MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Central African Republic MeSH
A decrease in the abundance and biodiversity of intestinal bacteria within the Firmicutes phylum has been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In particular, the anti-inflammatory bacterium Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, member of the Firmicutes phylum and one of the most abundant species in healthy human colon, is underrepresented in the microbiota of IBD patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of F. prausnitzii strain A2-165, the biofilm forming strain HTF-F and the extracellular polymeric matrix (EPM) isolated from strain HTF-F. For this purpose, the immunomodulatory properties of the F. prausnitzii strains and the EPM were studied in vitro using human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Then, the capacity of the F. prausnitzii strains and the EPM of HTF-F to suppress inflammation was assessed in vivo in the mouse dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) colitis model. The F. prausnitzii strains and the EPM had anti-inflammatory effects on the clinical parameters measured in the DSS model but with different efficacy. The immunomodulatory effects of the EPM were mediated through the TLR2-dependent modulation of IL-12 and IL-10 cytokine production in antigen presenting cells, suggesting that it contributes to the anti-inflammatory potency of F. prausnitzii HTF-F. The results show that F. prausnitzii HTF-F and its EPM may have a therapeutic use in IBD.
- MeSH
- Antigens, Surface metabolism MeSH
- Cytokines genetics metabolism MeSH
- Dendritic Cells immunology metabolism MeSH
- Extracellular Matrix metabolism MeSH
- Phenotype MeSH
- Forkhead Transcription Factors genetics metabolism MeSH
- Transcription, Genetic MeSH
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases etiology metabolism pathology MeSH
- Colitis chemically induced genetics immunology metabolism microbiology MeSH
- Lymph Nodes immunology metabolism MeSH
- Inflammation Mediators metabolism MeSH
- Disease Models, Animal MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Ruminococcus metabolism ultrastructure MeSH
- Dextran Sulfate adverse effects MeSH
- Spleen immunology metabolism MeSH
- Intestinal Mucosa metabolism microbiology pathology MeSH
- Toll-Like Receptor 2 genetics metabolism MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Mice MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
The expression of Ruminococcus flavefaciens 007S cellulases in different incubation time points (growth stages) and their substrate inducibility were analyzed by comparing the zymogram expression profiles of cultures grown on insoluble cellulose (Avicel) with cellobiose-grown cultures. The molecular weights of the enzymes were compared to (putative) cellulases encoded in the R. flavefaciens FD-1 genome.
- MeSH
- Bacterial Proteins chemistry genetics metabolism MeSH
- Cellobiose metabolism MeSH
- Cellulases chemistry genetics metabolism MeSH
- Cellulose metabolism MeSH
- Enzyme Assays MeSH
- Gene Expression MeSH
- Molecular Sequence Data MeSH
- Molecular Weight MeSH
- Ruminococcus chemistry enzymology genetics growth & development MeSH
- Protein Structure, Tertiary MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
One of the main mechanisms of nanoparticle toxicity is known to be the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which primarily damage cell membranes. However, very limited data on membrane effects in anaerobic environments (where ROS could not be the cause of membrane damage) are available. In the following study, rumen anaerobe Ruminococcus flavefaciens 007C was used as a bacterial model to assess the potential effects of Al(2)O(3) and TiO(2) nanoparticles on membranes in an anaerobic environment. Fatty acid profiles of cultures after exposure to Al(2)O(3) or TiO(2) nanoparticles were analyzed and compared with the profiles of non-exposed cultures or cultures exposed to bulk materials. Analysis revealed dose-effect changes in membrane composition exclusively when cells were exposed to Al(2)O(3) nanoparticles in a concentration range of 3-5 g/L, but were not present in cultures exposed to bulk material. On the other hand, the tested concentrations of nano-TiO(2) did not significantly affect the membrane profile of the exposed bacterium. The results suggest the possibility that Al(2)O(3) induces changes in bacterial membranes by direct physical interaction, which was supported by TEM image analysis.
- MeSH
- Anaerobiosis MeSH
- Cell Membrane drug effects metabolism MeSH
- Fatty Acids metabolism MeSH
- Metabolome drug effects MeSH
- Nanoparticles toxicity ultrastructure MeSH
- Aluminum Oxide toxicity MeSH
- Ruminococcus drug effects metabolism MeSH
- Titanium toxicity MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
