Dietary supplementation with calanus oil, a novel wax ester-rich marine oil, has been shown to reduce adiposity in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Current evidence suggests that obesity and its comorbidities are intrinsically linked with unfavorable changes in the intestinal microbiome. Thus, in line with its antiobesity effect, we hypothesized that dietary supplementation with calanus oil should counteract the obesity-related deleterious changes in the gut microbiota. Seven-week-old female C57bl/6J mice received an HFD for 12 weeks to induce obesity followed by 8-week supplementation with 2% calanus oil. For comparative reasons, another group of mice was treated with exenatide, an antiobesogenic glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist. Mice fed normal chow diet or nonsupplemented HFD for 20 weeks served as lean and obese controls, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on fecal samples from the colon. HFD increased the abundance of the Lactococcus and Leuconostoc genera relative to normal chow diet, whereas abundances of Allobaculum and Oscillospira were decreased. Supplementation with calanus oil led to an apparent overrepresentation of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus and underrepresentation of Bilophila. Exenatide prevented the HFD-induced increase in Lactococcus and caused a decrease in the abundance of Streptococcus compared to the HFD group. Thus, HFD altered the gut microbiota composition in an unhealthy direction by increasing the abundance of proinflammatory genera while reducing those considered health-promoting. These obesity-induced changes were antagonized by both calanus oil and exenatide.

• MeSH
• Bacteria klasifikace   genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• dieta s vysokým obsahem tuků * MeSH
• dietní tuky nenasycené aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• exenatid farmakologie   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• hmotnostní přírůstek MeSH
• kolon mikrobiologie   MeSH
• látky proti obezitě farmakologie   MeSH
• metagenom MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• obezita mikrobiologie   patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• oleje aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• potravní doplňky * MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Antisteatotic effects of omega-3 fatty acids (Omega-3) in obese rodents seem to vary depending on the lipid form of their administration. Whether these effects could reflect changes in intestinal metabolism is unknown. Here, we compare Omega-3-containing phospholipids (krill oil; ω3PL-H) and triacylglycerols (ω3TG) in terms of their effects on morphology, gene expression and fatty acid (FA) oxidation in the small intestine. Male C57BL/6N mice were fed for 8 weeks with a high-fat diet (HFD) alone or supplemented with 30 mg/g diet of ω3TG or ω3PL-H. Omega-3 index, reflecting the bioavailability of Omega-3, reached 12.5% and 7.5% in the ω3PL-H and ω3TG groups, respectively. Compared to HFD mice, ω3PL-H but not ω3TG animals had lower body weight gain (-40%), mesenteric adipose tissue (-43%), and hepatic lipid content (-64%). The highest number and expression level of regulated intestinal genes was observed in ω3PL-H mice. The expression of FA ω-oxidation genes was enhanced in both Omega-3-supplemented groups, but gene expression within the FA β-oxidation pathway and functional palmitate oxidation in the proximal ileum was significantly increased only in ω3PL-H mice. In conclusion, enhanced intestinal FA oxidation could contribute to the strong antisteatotic effects of Omega-3 when administered as phospholipids to dietary obese mice.

• MeSH
• dieta s vysokým obsahem tuků * MeSH
• erytrocytární membrána metabolismus   MeSH
• Euphausiacea MeSH
• fosfolipidy aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• krevní glukóza analýza   MeSH
• kyseliny mastné omega-3 aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny metabolismus   MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů účinky léků   MeSH
• myši obézní MeSH
• oleje MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• střeva anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• střevní sliznice metabolismus   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• triglyceridy aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Meat-diet-induced changes in gut microbiota are often accompanied with the development of various metabolic and inflammatory disorders. The exact biochemical mechanism underlying these effects is not well elucidated. This study aims to evaluate how meat proteins in high-fat diets affect tryptophan metabolism in rats. The high-chicken-protein (HFHCH) or high-pork-protein (HFHP) diets increased levels of skatole and indole in cecal and colonic contents, feces, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The HFHCH and HFHP diets also increased the abundance of Lactobacillus, the Family XIII AD3011 group, and Desulfovibrio in the cecum and colon, which may be involved in the production of skatole and indole. Additionally, high-meat-protein diets induced lower activity of skatole- and indole-metabolizing enzyme CYP2E1 in liver compared with low-meat-protein diets. This work highlights the negative impact of high meat proteins on physiological responses by inducing dysbiosis of gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolism.

• MeSH
• Bacteria klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• cékum metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• dieta s vysokým obsahem tuků škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• dietní proteiny škodlivé účinky   metabolismus   MeSH
• dysbióza etiologie   metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• masné bílkoviny metabolismus   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
• tryptofan metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND & AIMS: It is important to increase our understanding of gustatory detection of dietary fat and its contribution to fat preference. We studied the roles of the fat taste receptors CD36 and GPR120 and their interactions via Ca(2+) signaling in fungiform taste bud cells (TBC). METHODS: We measured Ca(2+) signaling in human TBC, transfected with small interfering RNAs against messenger RNAs encoding CD36 and GPR120 (or control small interfering RNAs). We also studied Ca(2+) signaling in TBC from CD36(-/-) mice and from wild-type lean and obese mice. Additional studies were conducted with mouse enteroendocrine cell line STC-1 that express GPR120 and stably transfected with human CD36. We measured release of serotonin and glucagon-like peptide-1 from human and mice TBC in response to CD36 and GPR120 activation. RESULTS: High concentrations of linoleic acid induced Ca(2+) signaling via CD36 and GPR120 in human and mice TBC, as well as in STC-1 cells, and low concentrations induced Ca(2+) signaling via only CD36. Incubation of human and mice fungiform TBC with lineoleic acid down-regulated CD36 and up-regulated GPR120 in membrane lipid rafts. Obese mice had decreased spontaneous preference for fat. Fungiform TBC from obese mice had reduced Ca(2+) and serotonin responses, but increased release of glucagon-like peptide-1, along with reduced levels of CD36 and increased levels of GPR120 in lipid rafts. CONCLUSIONS: CD36 and GPR120 have nonoverlapping roles in TBC signaling during orogustatory perception of dietary lipids; these are differentially regulated by obesity.

• MeSH
• antigeny CD36 nedostatek   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• chování zvířat MeSH
• chuť * MeSH
• chuťová percepce MeSH
• chuťové pohárky metabolismus   MeSH
• dieta s vysokým obsahem tuků MeSH
• glukagonu podobný peptid 1 metabolismus   MeSH
• inositol-1,4,5-trisfosfát metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina linolová metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membránové mikrodomény metabolismus   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši knockoutované MeSH
• myši MeSH
• obezita genetika   metabolismus   psychologie   MeSH
• preference v jídle MeSH
• receptory spřažené s G-proteiny nedostatek   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• RNA interference MeSH
• serotonin metabolismus   MeSH
• transfekce MeSH
• vápníková signalizace * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH