- MeSH
- fyziologie výživy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- proso * MeSH
- zdravá strava MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- populární práce MeSH
Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is not one of the founder crops domesticated in Southwest Asia in the early Holocene, but was domesticated in northeast China by 6000 BC. In Europe, millet was reported in Early Neolithic contexts formed by 6000 BC, but recent radiocarbon dating of a dozen 'early' grains cast doubt on these claims. Archaeobotanical evidence reveals that millet was common in Europe from the 2nd millennium BC, when major societal and economic transformations took place in the Bronze Age. We conducted an extensive programme of AMS-dating of charred broomcorn millet grains from 75 prehistoric sites in Europe. Our Bayesian model reveals that millet cultivation began in Europe at the earliest during the sixteenth century BC, and spread rapidly during the fifteenth/fourteenth centuries BC. Broomcorn millet succeeds in exceptionally wide range of growing conditions and completes its lifecycle in less than three summer months. Offering an additional harvest and thus surplus food/fodder, it likely was a transformative innovation in European prehistoric agriculture previously based mainly on (winter) cropping of wheat and barley. We provide a new, high-resolution chronological framework for this key agricultural development that likely contributed to far-reaching changes in lifestyle in late 2nd millennium BC Europe.
- MeSH
- archeologie MeSH
- dějiny starověku MeSH
- domestikace MeSH
- proso růst a vývoj MeSH
- radioaktivní datování MeSH
- zemědělské plodiny růst a vývoj dějiny MeSH
- zemědělství dějiny MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny starověku MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- historické články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- MeSH
- archeologie dějiny metody MeSH
- dějiny starověku MeSH
- dieta * dějiny MeSH
- kolagen MeSH
- kosti a kostní tkáň * chemie metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- maso MeSH
- paleontologie dějiny metody MeSH
- proso MeSH
- radioizotopy dusíku diagnostické užití chemie MeSH
- radioizotopy uhlíku diagnostické užití chemie MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny MeSH
- sociální hierarchie * dějiny MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory dějiny MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny starověku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- historické zeměpisné názvy MeSH
Proso millet belongs to the oldest cereals that human is using. Eight varieties of proso millet were cultivated in Ceske Budejovice from 1998 to 2000 and Cerveny Dvur from 1999 to 2000. The crude protein content was determined according to Kjehladl method and amino acid content was determined chromatographically after acid and oxidative acid hydrolysis. Although the protein content of proso (11.6% of dry matter) was similar to wheat, the grain of proso was significant richer in essential amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, methionine) then wheat. Hence, the protein quality of proso (Essential Amino Acid Index) was higher (51%) compared to wheat. The proso grain contained about 3.3 g kg(-1) of the limiting amino acid-lysine. Significant differences in protein and its quality were found among the evaluated proso varieties. The varieties Toldanskoe and Lipetskoe were the most different from the others in protein and amino acid content and Amino Acid Score of individual acids. They had the lowest content and quality of protein. The seed coat of these varieties was red. The amino acid and protein content was significantly influenced by weather during the year. Dry conditions caused an increase of protein but its quality was decreased.
