- MeSH
- 17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone analysis MeSH
- Hypothyroidism diagnosis therapy MeSH
- Body Mass Index MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital diagnosis MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Premature * growth & development MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Fetal Growth Retardation diagnosis etiology classification MeSH
- Somatomedins physiology classification MeSH
- Pituitary-Adrenal System embryology physiopathology growth & development MeSH
- Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System embryology physiopathology growth & development MeSH
- Body Weights and Measures MeSH
- Check Tag
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Establishment of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-gonadal function is dependent on the highly controlled and dynamic interactions between regulatory signals from the brain, pituitary and gonads, all of them leading to the attainment of reproductive capacity, where a coordinated and timely activation of GnRH neurons must occur. The GnRH neurons extend their neurosecretory axons to the hypothalamus where GnRH is released into the pituitary portal vessels to elicit the secretion of LH and FSH, which in turn, will promote gonadal development and support reproductive physiology. Genetic studies have demonstrated that disabling mutations and targeted deletions of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPR54) generated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. This link between GPR54 and reproduction, generated attention to the natural ligands of the GPR54 receptor, known as kisspeptins, which are translational products of the hypothalamic gene KiSS1. Recent advances in kisspeptin research have defined a major role of this molecule in controlling the onset of the reproductive function observed at puberty. The aim of this review is to highlight the basic endocrine and genetic concepts involved in the establishment of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-gonadal axis function which promotes the onset of the reproductive function during puberty. The review highlights what is currently known about the kisspeptin-GPR54 signalling system in the activation of the GnRH neurons.
- MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone drug effects MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Neurons enzymology drug effects MeSH
- Puberty physiology MeSH
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled genetics drug effects MeSH
- Reproductive Physiological Phenomena genetics drug effects MeSH
- Pituitary-Adrenal System enzymology physiology growth & development MeSH
- Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System enzymology physiology growth & development MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Thyroiditis, Autoimmune MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic MeSH
- Thyroid Neoplasms surgery radiotherapy MeSH
- Thyroid Diseases MeSH
- Mass Screening MeSH
- Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System growth & development MeSH
- Biopsy, Fine-Needle utilization MeSH
- Ultrasonography MeSH
- Fetal Organ Maturity MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
