Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) represent the majority of cutaneous lymphomas (CLs) and are a spectrum of diseases with a wide variety of clinical, histological, and phenotypic features and diverse biologic behavior. This review focuses on the observations on new variants of CTCL and recent developments in deciphering the pathogenetic mechanisms, which have implication for the nosologic concepts and future classification of CLs. Variants of mycosis fungoides (MF) such as the unilesional and the papular form have been characterized in more detail. Studies analyzed the expression of CD30 and PD-1 in MF and other forms of CTCL. New variants in the group of cutaneous CD30⁺ lymphoproliferative disorders include the epidermotropic CD8⁺ variant of lymphomatoid papulosis (type D) and angiocentric lymphomatoid papulosis (type E), which histologically mimic aggressive lymphomas, and therefore may be diagnostically challenging. Cutaneous proliferations of T cell-expressing markers of follicular helper T cells (PD-1, CXCL-13, and bcl-6) display a prognostically heterogeneous group. There is an increasing spectrum of CTCL with the expression of CD8 by tumor cells, including CD8⁺ MF, CD8⁺ forms of cutaneous CD30⁺ lymphoproliferative disorders, and CD8⁺ small/medium-sized lymphoproliferations, which are not included as distinct entities in the World Health Organization-European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer for CLs and the World Health Organization classification. Unusual presentations and incomplete phenotypes of blastic neoplasm of plasmacytoid dendritic cells are discussed. Clinicopathologic correlation is mandatory for the diagnosis of primary CLs. Analysis of genetic and epigenetic alterations in CLs revealed new diagnostic markers and putative targets for therapy of aggressive forms of CLs.
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- Klíčová slova
- nazální NK/T buněčný lymfom, sinonasální lymfomy,
- MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- imunohistochemie metody využití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfom T-buněčný farmakoterapie chirurgie patologie MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nádory nosu farmakoterapie chirurgie patologie MeSH
- NKT buňky imunologie patologie MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie využití MeSH
- protokoly antitumorózní kombinované chemoterapie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, CD1d restricted T cells, are involved in the immune responses against various infection agents. Here we describe their behavior during reactivation of human herpes simplex virus (HSV). iNKT cells exhibit only discrete changes, which however, reached statistically significant level due to the relatively large patient group. Higher percentage of iNKT cells express NKG2D. iNKT cells down-regulate NKG2A in a subset of patients. Finally, iNKT cells enhance their capacity to produce TNF-α. Our data suggests that iNKT cells are involved in the immune response against HSV and contribute mainly to its early, innate phase.
- MeSH
- aktivace lymfocytů MeSH
- aktivace viru MeSH
- antigeny CD1d genetika imunologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- herpes simplex imunologie patologie virologie MeSH
- lektinové receptory NK-buněk - podrodina K genetika imunologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- NKT buňky imunologie patologie MeSH
- přirozená imunita * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Simplexvirus fyziologie MeSH
- TNF-alfa genetika imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells play an important role in the immune response against various infectious agents. In this study we investigated their role in human defense against the varicella zoster virus. We observed decreased numbers of iNKT cells in patients who failed to control latent varicella zoster virus infection, e.g. underwent several reactivations of the virus. The residual population of iNKT cells expressed significantly higher levels of inhibitory receptor CD158a that was further up-regulated in the course of acute viral infection. Both of these abnormalities might contribute to impaired control of varicella zoster virus in human.
- MeSH
- aktivace lymfocytů imunologie MeSH
- buňky NK imunologie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- CD antigeny metabolismus MeSH
- cytokiny metabolismus MeSH
- herpes zoster imunologie patologie MeSH
- lektinové receptory NK-buněk - podrodina K metabolismus MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- NKT buňky imunologie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- počet lymfocytů MeSH
- podskupiny lymfocytů imunologie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- receptory KIR2DL1 metabolismus MeSH
- T-lymfocyty imunologie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The aim of this study was to investigate differences in the relative distributions of subsets of natural killer (NK) cells, including immunoregulatory NK cells (CD56(+)CD16(-)), cytotoxic NK cells (CD56(+)CD16(+)), as well as total NK cells (CD56(+)CD3(-)), and NKT cells (CD56(+)CD3(+)) in peripheral blood and follicular fluid in subjects with successful or unsuccessful IVF treatment. The immunoregulatory NK cell population in follicular fluid of women who failed to achieve pregnancy after IVF treatment was significantly decreased compared to women who became pregnant after IVF. Conversely, the NKT cell population in the follicular fluid of women with unsuccessful treatment was significantly elevated compared with those with successful IVF. Understanding the changes in the distribution of NK and NKT cell populations in follicular fluid might serve as the basis for a more detailed study to determine whether NK cell parameters have prognostic value in guiding the selection of individual ova for use in IVF procedures.
- MeSH
- biologické markery metabolismus MeSH
- buňky NK imunologie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- CD antigeny biosyntéza MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fertilizace in vitro MeSH
- folikulární tekutina cytologie imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- NKT buňky imunologie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- počet buněk MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- průtoková cytometrie MeSH
- separace buněk MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- ženská infertilita krev diagnóza patologie patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
