The spermatozoon ultrastructure of the progenetic cestode Diplocotyle olrikii (Spathebothriidea) has been examined using transmission electron microscopy and cytochemical staining with periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate (PA-TSC-SP) for glycogen. The spermatozoon is a filiform cell, tapered at both extremities. Its moderately electron-dense cytoplasm possesses two parallel axonemes of unequal lengths. New for the Cestoda is a finding of three types of the mature spermatozoa with respect to different axonemal structure. The first type has both axonemes with standard 9 + '1' trepaxonematan pattern. The second type is represented by a spermatozoon having one axoneme with 9 + '1' structure and the second one with 9 + 0 pattern. The third type includes the two axonemes with 9 + 0 pattern. Microtubule doublets of the 9 + 0 axonemes contain either inner dynein arms or no dynein arms. In addition to the two axonemes, all three types of the mature sperm cells contain parallel nucleus, parallel cortical microtubules, four electron-dense plaques/attachment zones, and glycogen. The anterior extremity of the gamete exhibits a centriole surrounded by a semiarc of up to five electron-dense tubular structures. The distal end of the first type spermatozoa exhibits two morphological variants, represented either by (i) nucleus or (ii) remnants of the disorganized axoneme. Distal extremity of the spermatozoa of the second and third types contains doublets and singlets of disorganized axoneme. The ultrastructural characters of the spermatozoon of progenetic D. olrikii support the basal position of the Spathebothriidea within the Eucestoda.
- MeSH
- axonema ultrastruktura MeSH
- buněčné jádro ultrastruktura MeSH
- centrioly ultrastruktura MeSH
- Cestoda ultrastruktura MeSH
- cytoplazma ultrastruktura MeSH
- spermatogeneze fyziologie MeSH
- spermie ultrastruktura MeSH
- transmisní elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Examination of semen characteristics is routinely performed for fertility status investigation of the male partner of an infertile couple as well as for evaluation of the sperm donor candidate. A useful tool for preliminary assessment of semen characteristics might be an artificial neural network. Thus, the aim of the present study was to construct an artificial neural network, which could be used for predicting the result of semen analysis based on the basic questionnaire data. On the basis of eleven survey questions two models of artificial neural networks to predict semen parameters were developed. The first model aims to predict the overall performance and profile of semen. The second network was developed to predict the concentration of sperm. The network to evaluate sperm concentration proved to be the most efficient. 92.93% of the patients in the learning process were properly qualified for the group with a correct or incorrect result, while the result for the test set was 85.71%. This study suggests that an artificial neural network based on eleven survey questions might be a valuable tool for preliminary evaluation and prediction of the semen profile.
- MeSH
- analýza spermatu * metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- motilita spermií MeSH
- mužská infertilita MeSH
- neuronové sítě (počítačové) * MeSH
- počet spermií metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- sperma * MeSH
- spermabanky MeSH
- spermie * abnormality růst a vývoj ultrastruktura MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Testis development and ultrastructure of spermatogenic cells and spermatozoa of burbot Lota lota, a commercially important cold freshwater fish, were studied by light and transmission electron microscopy. Spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa are distributed along the seminiferous tubules. Electron-dense bodies appear in germ cells from primary spermatogonia to secondary spermatocytes. We identified three distinct stages of spermatid cell differentiation based on chromatin condensation, development of the flagellum, formation of a nuclear fossa, and elimination of excess cytoplasm. Spermatozoa were anacrosomal and characterized by location of the centrioles outside the nuclear fossa and incomplete perpendicular arrangement of the centrioles. The sperm flagellum displayed an axoneme with nine doublets of peripheral microtubules and two central microtubules. These results provide valuable information for burbot taxonomy and may clarify the process of spermatogenesis for this species.
- MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- ryby metabolismus MeSH
- Sertoliho buňky ultrastruktura MeSH
- spermatidy ultrastruktura MeSH
- spermatogeneze * MeSH
- spermatogonie ultrastruktura MeSH
- spermie ultrastruktura MeSH
- testis cytologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Spermatozoon formation in Caryophyllaeides fennica (Schneider, 1902) is characterised by the following: (1) apical electron-dense material in the zone of differentiation, (2) typical striated roots situated unconventionally in opposite directions in early stages of spermiogenesis, (3) intercentriolar body composed of three electron-dense and two electron-lucent plates, (4) free flagellum and a flagellar bud that correspond to a greatly reduced flagellum and (5) rotation of free flagellum and a flagellar bud to the median cytoplasmic process at 90°. The development of two flagella of significantly unequal length clearly supports a derived form of spermiogenesis in the Caryophyllidea. New for cestodes is a finding of two additional striated roots situated opposite each other, in conjunction with both the flagellar bud and free flagellum. Mutual position of additional striated roots and typical striated roots is parallel in early stages and perpendicular in advanced stages of spermiogenesis. A complete proximodistal fusion gives rise to a mature spermatozoon consisting of one axoneme, parallel cortical microtubules, a nucleus and a moderately electron-dense cytoplasm with glycogen particles, detected by a technique of Thiéry (J Microsc 6:987-1018, 1967), in the principal regions (II, III, IV). Electron tomography analysis of the free flagellum and one axoneme of a mature spermatozoon of C. fennica provides clear evidence, for the first time, that two tubular structures are present in the central axonemal electron-dense core. Phylogenetically important aspects of spermiogenesis of the Caryophyllidea with one axoneme, and other cestodes with one or two axonemes, are briefly reviewed and discussed.
- MeSH
- axonema ultrastruktura MeSH
- buněčné jádro ultrastruktura MeSH
- Cestoda ultrastruktura MeSH
- cestodózy MeSH
- flagella ultrastruktura MeSH
- mikrotubuly ultrastruktura MeSH
- spermatogeneze fyziologie MeSH
- spermie ultrastruktura MeSH
- tomografie elektronová MeSH
- transmisní elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Proteins CD9 and CD81 are members of the tetraspanin superfamily and were detected in mammalian sperm, where they are suspected to form an active tetraspanin web and to participate in sperm⁻egg membrane fusion. The importance of these two proteins during the early stages of fertilization is supported by the complete sterility of CD9/CD81 double null female mice. In this study, the putative mechanism of CD9/CD81 involvement in tetraspanin web formation in sperm and its activity prior to fertilization was addressed. Confocal microscopy and colocalization assay was used to determine a mutual CD9/CD81 localization visualised in detail by super-resolution microscopy, and their interaction was address by co-immunoprecipitation. The species-specific traits in CD9 and CD81 distribution during sperm maturation were compared between mice and humans. A mutual position of CD9/CD81 is shown in human spermatozoa in the acrosomal cap, however in mice, CD9 and CD81 occupy a distinct area. During the acrosome reaction in human sperm, only CD9 is relocated, compared to the relocation of both proteins in mice. The structural modelling of CD9 and CD81 homologous and possibly heterologous network formation was used to propose their lateral Cis as well as Trans interactions within the sperm membrane and during sperm⁻egg membrane fusion.
- MeSH
- akrozomální reakce * MeSH
- antigeny CD81 analýza metabolismus MeSH
- antigeny CD9 analýza metabolismus MeSH
- fertilizace MeSH
- fúze membrán MeSH
- kapacitace spermií * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mapy interakcí proteinů MeSH
- molekulární modely MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši MeSH
- spermie cytologie metabolismus ultrastruktura MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The aims of this study were to determine concentrations of total homocysteine, cysteine, cysteinylglycine and glutathione in spermatozoa, seminal fluid and blood plasma and to analyse their relationships with sperm parameters. For this reason, a new highly effective method of spermatozoa lysis was developed, using methanol, freezing and subsequent thawing in ultrasonic bath. An HPLC-FD assay was conducted on thiols concentrations in lysed spermatozoa, seminal fluid and blood plasma. Concentrations of thiols in spermatozoa were significantly lower in men with normozoospermia than in samples with pathological semen parameters. Statistical analysis found significant correlations between thiol concentrations in spermatozoa and semen parameters, while the same analysis with thiol concentrations in seminal fluid was substantially less powerful. Only cysteinylglycine concentrations in seminal fluid significantly correlated with pathological semen parameters. No significant differences or correlations were found with blood plasma concentrations.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- frakcionace buněk metody MeSH
- homocystein analýza krev MeSH
- intracelulární prostor chemie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužská infertilita krev metabolismus MeSH
- sperma chemie MeSH
- spermie chemie ultrastruktura MeSH
- sulfhydrylové sloučeniny analýza krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Domácí vyšetření spermiogramu pomocí chytrého mobilního telefonu? Vítejte v éře telespermatologie. Autor seznamuje české čtenáře s možností vyšetření spermiogramu pomocí chytrého mobilního telefonu.
The author presents the possibility of sperm analysis using a smartphone to the Czech readers.
Calcium regulates many intracellular events such as growth and differentiation during different stages of gamete development. The aim of this study was to localize and quantify the intracellular distribution of calcium during different developmental stages of spermatogenesis in sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus, using a combined oxalate-pyroantimonate technique. The distribution of calcium was described in spermatogonium, spermatocyte, spermatid, and spermatozoon stages. In the spermatogonium and spermatocyte, calcium deposits were mainly localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The spermatid had calcium in the nucleus, developing acrosomal vesicle, and cytoplasm. Intracellular calcium transformed from scattered deposits in spermatogonia and spermatocyte stages into an unbound form in spermatid and the spermatozoon. The proportion of area covered by calcium increased significantly (p<0.05) from early to late stages of spermatogenesis. The largest proportion of area covered by calcium was observed in the nucleus of the spermatozoon. In conclusion, although most of the intracellular calcium is deposited in limited areas of the spermatogonium and spermatocyte, it is present an unbound form in the larger area of spermatids and spermatozoa which probably reflects changes in its physiological function and homeostasis during the process of male gamete production in spermatogenesis.
- MeSH
- ryby anatomie a histologie metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- spermatidy ultrastruktura MeSH
- spermatogeneze fyziologie MeSH
- spermatogonie ultrastruktura MeSH
- spermie ultrastruktura MeSH
- vápník metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
This study was conducted to investigate Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis spermatozoa cell morphology and ultrastructure through scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Findings revealed that the spermatozoa can be differentiated into three major parts: a spherical head without an acrosome, a short mid-piece, and a long, cylindrical flagellum. The mean length of the spermatozoa was 36.11±2.84μm, with a spherical head length of 2.78±0.31μm. The mean anterior and posterior head widths were 2.20±0.42μm and 2.55±0.53μm, respectively. The nuclear fossa was positioned at the base of the nucleus that contained the anterior portion of flagellum and a centriolar complex (proximal and distal centrioles). The short mid-piece was located laterally to the nucleus and possessed just one spherical mitochondrion with a mean diameter of 0.65±0.14μm. The spermatozoa flagellum was long and cylindrical, and could be separated into two parts: a long main-piece and a short end-piece. The main piece of the flagellum had short irregular side-fins. The axoneme composed the typical '9+2' microtubular doublet structure and was enclosed by the cell membran e. This study confirmed that B. lenok tsinlingensis spermatozoa can be categorized as teleostean "Type I" spermatozoa; 'primitive' or 'ect-aquasperm type' spermatozoa. To the best of the authers knowledge, this was the first study conducted on the morphology and ultrastructure of B. lenok tsinlingensis spermatozoa.
- MeSH
- akrozom ultrastruktura MeSH
- axonema ultrastruktura MeSH
- buněčné jádro ultrastruktura MeSH
- centrioly ultrastruktura MeSH
- flagella ultrastruktura MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
- mitochondrie ultrastruktura MeSH
- Salmonidae anatomie a histologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- spermie ultrastruktura MeSH
- transmisní elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Ultrastructure of spermatozoa of redclaw Cherax quadricarinatus and yabby Cherax destructor were described and compared. The acrosome complex and nucleus are located at the anterior and posterior region of the spermatozoon, respectively. The acrosome is a complex vesicle divided into two parts: the main body of the acrosome appears as a dense cup-shaped structure in longitudinal sagittal view, with the subacrosome zone occupying the central area of the vesicle. The acrosome is larger in C. quadricarinatus (width 2.37±0.27μm, length 1.31±0.23μm) than in C. destructor (width 1.80±0.27μm, length 1.01±0.15μm). There was no significant difference in L:W ratios of the studied species. The subacrosome zone in both species consists of two areas of different electron density. The nucleus is substantially decondensed and irregular in shape, with elaborate extended processes. The examined species exhibited a well-conserved structure of crayfish spermatozoon, similar to those of Cherax cainii and Cherax albidus. Small acrosome size, the absence of radial arms, and an extracellular capsule seem to be the morphological features that mostly distinguish Cherax from the Astacidae and Cambaridae.
