Heart rate is under constant autonomic influence but the development of the influence in children is not fully understood. Continuous electrocardiograms were obtained in 1045 healthy school-age children (550 females) during postural provocations with body position changes between supine, sitting, standing, supine, standing, sitting and supine (in this order), 10 min in each position with position changes within 20 s. Heart rate was measured in each position and speed of heart rate changes between positions were assessed by regressions of rates versus timing of individual cardiac cycles. Supine heart rate was gradually decreasing with age: 82.32 ± 9.92, 74.33 ± 9.79, 67.43 ± 9.45 beats per minute (bpm) in tertile age groups < 11, 11-15, > 15 years, respectively (p < 0.0001), with no significant sex difference. Averaged speed of heart rate changes differed little between sexes and age groups but was significantly faster during rate deceleration than acceleration (e.g., supine ↔ standing: 2.99 ± 1.02 vs. 2.57 ± 0.68 bpm/s, p < 0.0001). The study suggests that in children, vagal heart rate control does not noticeably change between ages of approximately 6-19 years. The gradual resting heart rate decrease during childhood and adolescence is likely caused by lowering of cardiac sympathetic influence from sympathetic overdrive in small children to adult-like sympatho-vagal balance in older adolescents.
- MeSH
- autonomní nervový systém fyziologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- elektrokardiografie * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nervus vagus fyziologie MeSH
- postura těla * fyziologie MeSH
- srdeční frekvence * fyziologie MeSH
- supinační poloha fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Aim of the study was to compare metabolic response of leg skeletal muscle during functional electrical stimulation-driven unloaded cycling (FES) to that seen during volitional supine cycling. METHODS: Fourteen healthy volunteers were exposed in random order to supine cycling, either volitional (10-25-50 W, 10 min) or FES assisted (unloaded, 10 min) in a crossover design. Whole body and leg muscle metabolism were assessed by indirect calorimetry with concomitant repeated measurements of femoral venous-arterial differences of blood gases, glucose, lactate and amino acids. RESULTS: Unloaded FES cycling, but not volitional exercise, led to a significant increase in across-leg lactate production (from -1.1±2.1 to 5.5±7.4 mmol/min, p<0.001) and mild elevation of arterial lactate (from 1.8±0.7 to 2.5±0.8 mM). This occurred without widening of across-leg veno-arterial (VA) O2 and CO2 gaps. Femoral SvO2 difference was directly proportional to VA difference of lactate (R2 = 0.60, p = 0.002). Across-leg glucose uptake did not change with either type of exercise. Systemic oxygen consumption increased with FES cycling to similarly to 25W volitional exercise (138±29% resp. 124±23% of baseline). There was a net uptake of branched-chain amino acids and net release of Alanine from skeletal muscle, which were unaltered by either type of exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Unloaded FES cycling, but not volitional exercise causes significant lactate production without hypoxia in skeletal muscle. This phenomenon can be significant in vulnerable patients' groups.
- MeSH
- aminokyseliny metabolismus MeSH
- arteria femoralis metabolismus MeSH
- bérec MeSH
- cyklistika fyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elektrická stimulace MeSH
- klinické křížové studie MeSH
- kosterní svaly metabolismus MeSH
- kyselina mléčná biosyntéza krev MeSH
- kyslík krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nepřímá kalorimetrie MeSH
- oxid uhličitý krev MeSH
- spotřeba kyslíku MeSH
- supinační poloha fyziologie MeSH
- terapie cvičením metody MeSH
- vena femoralis metabolismus MeSH
- zdraví dobrovolníci pro lékařské studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of heart rate variability (HRV) examined in supine and standing position with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). METHODS: HRV in supine and standing position and ABPM were examined in 30 AN patients and 30 control subjects. The correlations between HRV and ABPM were evaluated. RESULTS: The average age was 25±5 in AN patients and 25±4 years in controls (NS). LF (low frequency) power in AN patients and controls was comparable in supine position. LF power significantly increased during standing in controls, but no increment was detected in AN patients. The HF (high frequency) power was significantly increased in AN patients in supine position, but after standing was comparable with controls. The ratio LF/HF was lower both in supine and standing position in AN patients but the differences did not reach statistical significance. Blood pressure values in AN patients were comparable with controls in supine position but were significantly lower in standing position. Ambulatory blood pressure values were significantly lower in AN patients during active but not sleeping period. In standing position HF and LF powers positively and LF/HF negatively correlated with ABPM blood pressure values during active period in controls while in AN patients only LF power correlated with diastolic and mean blood pressures. CONCLUSION: The lower ABPM values in AN patients during active period in comparison with control subjects may be explained by HRV changes, mainly by its impaired relations with blood pressure in standing position.
- MeSH
- ambulantní monitorování krevního tlaku metody psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- bdění fyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mentální anorexie patofyziologie MeSH
- postura těla fyziologie MeSH
- spánek fyziologie MeSH
- srdeční frekvence fyziologie MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- supinační poloha fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- dekubity komplikace prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metaanalýza jako téma MeSH
- poruchy spánku a bdění prevence a kontrola MeSH
- postura těla fyziologie MeSH
- pronační poloha fyziologie MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma normy MeSH
- supinační poloha fyziologie MeSH
- Trendelenburgova poloha fyziologie MeSH
- umělé dýchání metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- urgentní zdravotnické služby metody využití MeSH
- zvedání a polohování pacientů metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přednášky MeSH
- MeSH
- analýza přežití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mortalita MeSH
- multicentrické studie jako téma MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- pronační poloha fyziologie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- supinační poloha fyziologie MeSH
- syndrom dechové tísně mortalita terapie MeSH
- ventilace umělá s výdechovým přetlakem ošetřování statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
Cílem polohování nemocných, které zajišťuje všeobecná sestra, je zabránit vzniku dekubitů, kontraktur, deformit, zmírnit bolest, zajistit relaxaci svalstva a pohodlí nemocného. Článek informuje o některých možnostech polohování nemocných v rámci léčebného procesu s využitím vhodných pomůcek. Autorka se nezabývá polohováním zraněných jedinců v rámci první pomoci.
The aim of the positioning of the patients, providing by the general nurse, is to prevent the emergence of some risc of decline of the statut of patiens – e.g. pressure sores, contractures, deformities etc. Also alleviate pain, relax muscles and ensure the patient comfort. Article inform how to aply positioning of the patients during the treatment process when using appropriate tools. The author does not address the positioning of individuals injured in the first aid.
- MeSH
- dlouhodobé zdravotnické vybavení klasifikace využití MeSH
- hospitalizovaní pacienti MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lůžka klasifikace využití MeSH
- ošetřovatelská péče klasifikace metody využití MeSH
- ošetřovatelský proces organizace a řízení využití MeSH
- péče o pacienta metody využití MeSH
- postura těla fyziologie MeSH
- pronační poloha fyziologie MeSH
- supinační poloha fyziologie MeSH
- Trendelenburgova poloha fyziologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
AIMS: The purpose of the study was to demonstrate autonomic nervous system (ANS) changes associated with treatment in hypertensive patients and utilization of these measurements in practice. METHODS: Hypertensive patients were examined before the start of treatment and after blood pressure compensation. The telemetric system VarCor PF 5 was used for non-invasive heart rate registration and automatic evaluation of heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. The supine-standing-supine test with ortho-clinostatic loading in standard conditions was used for HRV evaluation. RESULTS: The influence of antihypertensive therapy on ANS was demonstrated in two cases. The first was a case of a responder to therapy and the second case was example of a non-responder to monotherapy regarding more therapeutic steps for blood pressure control. Different modes of results presentation are demonstrated: 3D graph, numeric form of standard parameters of HRV, computer interpretation of results by means of complex parameters and indices in numeric, graphic and verbal form with functional age calculation, cross graph of vagal activity index versus sympatho-vagal balance index was used for repeated measurements and follow-up. The increased spectral performance with augmented vagal activity and slope down of sympatho-vagal ratio are evident after blood pressure control achievement. Improvement of functional age parameter associated with blood pressure compensation is visible using a complex age-dependent parameters interpretation. CONCLUSIONS: HRV evaluation in hypertensive patients provides new parameters for patient's examination. These parameters are influenced by both the illness itself and by pharmacotherapy. Such an approach offers more complex information about patient.
- MeSH
- antihypertenziva aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- autonomní nervový systém patofyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hypertenze farmakoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- krevní tlak MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nervus vagus patofyziologie MeSH
- postura těla fyziologie MeSH
- srdeční frekvence MeSH
- supinační poloha fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
