High dependency of arterial blood pressure (ABP) on enhanced sympathetic activity, which maintains vascular tone, leads to hypotension after hemodynamic insults that blunt the sympathetic activity. Therefore, we hypothesized that sympathovagal balance before tourniquet deflation (TD) determines the extent of a reduction in ABP after TD during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Fifty-four hypertensive female patients undergoing TKA under spinal anesthesia were analyzed. The sympathovagal balance [low-to-high frequency ratio of heart rate variability (LF/HF)] before TD was defined as (LF/HF during 5 min before TD-preanesthetic LF/HF)/preanesthetic LF/HF (%). An increase in its value represents a shift in sympathovagal balance toward sympathetic predominance. The percent change in the mean ABP (MAP) after TD was defined as (minimum MAP during 10 min after TD-averaged MAP during 5 min before TD)/averaged MAP during 5 min before TD (%). Simple linear regression was performed to assess the correlation between the sympathovagal balance before TD and change in MAP after TD. The correlation was also assessed by multiple linear regression controlling for age, duration of tourniquet inflation, and spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension. Thirty-two minutes (on average) after tourniquet inflation, the MAP was decreased by 12.1 (-3.0 to 47.9) % [mean (range)] upon TD (P<0.001). The sympathovagal balance before TD was negatively proportional to the change in MAP after TD in both simple and multiple linear regression models (R2=0.323 and 0.340, P<0.001). A shift in sympathovagal balance toward sympathetic predominance before TD is associated with a decrease in ABP after TD.

• MeSH
• arteriální tlak * MeSH
• hypertenze patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nervus vagus patofyziologie   MeSH
• peroperační doba MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• spinální anestezie MeSH
• srdeční frekvence MeSH
• stárnutí MeSH
• sympatický nervový systém patofyziologie   MeSH
• totální endoprotéza kolene * MeSH
• turnikety * MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Cough is one of the most important defensive reflexes. However, extensive non- productive cough is a harmful mechanism leading to the damage of human airways. Cough is initiated by activation of vagal afferents in the airways. The site of their convergence is particularly the nucleus of the solitary tract (nTS). The second-order neurons terminate in the pons, medulla and spinal cord and there is also the cortical and subcortical control of coughing.Upper airway cough syndrome (UACS) - previously postnasal drip syndrome - is one of the most common causes of chronic cough together with asthma and gastroesophageal reflux. The main mechanisms leading to cough in patients with nasal and sinus diseases are postnasal drip, direct irritation of nasal mucosa, inflammation in the lower airways, upper airway inflammation and the cough reflex sensitization. The cough demonstrated by UACS patients is probably due to hypersensitivity of the upper airways sensory nerve or lower airways sensory nerve, or a combination of both. Further studies are needed to clarify this mechanism.

• MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• kapsaicin škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• kašel chemicky indukované   patofyziologie   MeSH
• kationtové kanály TRPV agonisté   fyziologie   MeSH
• kationtový kanál TRPA1 agonisté   fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nervové receptory účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• nervus vagus účinky léků   patofyziologie   MeSH
• nosní sliznice účinky léků   patofyziologie   MeSH
• syndrom MeSH
• trachea účinky léků   patofyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Background Increased vagal modulation is a mechanism that may partially explain the protective effect of healthy lifestyles. However, it is unclear how healthy lifestyles relate to vagal regulation longitudinally. We prospectively examined associations between a comprehensive measure of 4 important lifestyle factors and vagal modulation, indexed by heart rate variability (HRV) over 10 years. Methods and Results The fifth (1997-1999), seventh (2002-2004), and ninth (2007-2009) phases of the UK Whitehall II cohort were analyzed. Analytical samples ranged from 2059 to 3333 (mean age: 55.7 years). A healthy lifestyle score was derived by giving participants 1 point for each healthy factor: physically active, not smoking, moderate alcohol consumption, and healthy body mass index. Two vagally mediated HRV measures were used: high-frequency HRV and root mean square of successive differences of normal-to-normal R-R intervals. Cross-sectionally, a positively graded association was observed between the healthy lifestyle score and HRV at baseline (Poverall≤0.001). Differences in HRV according to the healthy lifestyle score remained relatively stable over time. Compared with participants who hardly ever adhered to healthy lifestyles, those with consistent healthy lifestyles displayed higher high-frequency HRV (β=0.23; 95% CI, 0.10-0.35; P=0.001) and higher root mean square of successive differences of normal-to-normal R-R intervals (β=0.15; 95% CI, 0.07-0.22; P≤0.001) at follow-up after covariate adjustment. These differences in high-frequency HRV and root mean square of successive differences of normal-to-normal R-R intervals are equivalent to ≈6 to 20 years differences in chronological age. Compared with participants who reduced their healthy lifestyle scores, those with stable scores displayed higher subsequent high-frequency HRV (β=0.24; 95% CI, 0.01-0.48; P=0.046) and higher root mean square of successive differences of normal-to-normal R-R intervals (β=0.15; 95% CI, 0.01-0.29; P=0.042). Conclusions Maintaining healthy lifestyles is positively associated with cardiac vagal functioning, and these beneficial adaptations may be lost if not sustained.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• chování snižující riziko * MeSH
• cvičení MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie   patofyziologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nekuřáci MeSH
• nervus vagus patofyziologie   MeSH
• ochranné faktory MeSH
• pití alkoholu epidemiologie   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• srdce inervace   MeSH
• srdeční frekvence * MeSH
• zdravotní stav MeSH
• zdravý životní styl * MeSH
• zvyky MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Londýn MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Patients with complete spinal cord injury (SCI) may maintain some perception of bladder fullness. The aim of the study was to evaluate brain activation arising from anticipated extraspinal sensory pathways. METHODS: Fourteen patients ages 24-54 years were enrolled, all having experienced a complete SCI (ASIA A) at C7 to T5 an average of 17 months before study entry. Urodynamic equipment was used for repeated bladder filling and detrusor activity evaluation. All functional magnetic resonance imaging measurements were performed using a Siemens Trio 3T scanner with the GRE-EPI sequence (field of view = 192 × 192 mm, voxel 3 × 3 × 3 mm, TR/TE = 3000/30 ms, 45 slices). Nine hundred dynamic scans were acquired over 45 min. Statistical analysis was done in SPM8 using a general linear model. Statistics using t-tests were thresholded at P = 0.001. RESULTS: We excluded results from two patients because of activation artifacts. In 8 of 12 patients, significant brain activity was observed during urinary bladder filling. We found significant activation clusters at the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) (3/8), parabrachial nucleus (PBN) (4/8), hypothalamus (4/8), thalamus (6/8), amygdala (7/8), insular lobe (5/8), anterior cingulate gyrus (5/8), and prefrontal cortex (8/8). Activations in nuclei involved in afferents likely from the vagal nerve (NTS and PBN) correlated significantly with reported bladder sensations. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that extraspinal sensory pathways may develop following SCI and that vagal nerve may play a role in re-innervation of the urinary bladder. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:155-159, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

• MeSH
• aferentní nervové dráhy diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• krevní tlak fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• močový měchýř diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• mozek diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• mozkový kmen diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• nervus vagus diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• poranění míchy diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• přední mozek diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• srdeční frekvence fyziologie   MeSH
• urodynamika MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

AIM: Reflex alterations of cardiac autonomic modulation have been described after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The non-homogeneous autonomic innervation of the heart gives reason of different patterns of autonomic modulation depending upon the site of AMI. Conflicting data are available on cardiac autonomic modifications after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). We evaluated cardiac autonomic changes in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) after pPCI, either within 24h after revascularization (T0) and at clinical stability (T1, 6±2days), taking into account the site of infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS: We enrolled 33 consecutive patients with STEMI treated with pPCI (25 males, mean age 61±12.1yr); 15 had an anterior wall STEMI (ANT) and 18 had an inferior wall STEMI (INF). ECG and respiration were recorded at T0 and at T1. Cardiac autonomic modulation was evaluated by means of symbolic analysis of heart rate variability. At T0, At T0, 0V% (marker of sympathetic modulation) was higher in INF compared to ANT [31% (18-43) vs 18% (7-32), p=0.014]. Moreover, ANT had a higher 2LV%, index of vagal modulation, compared to INF [8% (7-15) vs 5% (2-8), p=0.006]. CONCLUSION: After pPCI, these preliminary results suggest that patients with INF were characterized by a sympathetic predominance, while ANT by a predominant vagal modulation. Our data suggest that pPCI can be associated with specific autonomic patterns, which are different for ANT and INF STEMI, according to the different autonomic innervation. Future ad hoc studies are needed to confirm these preliminary observations.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• elektrokardiografie metody   MeSH
• infarkt myokardu * diagnóza   patofyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• koronární angioplastika * škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nervus vagus patofyziologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• srdce * inervace   patofyziologie   MeSH
• srdeční frekvence MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• sympatický nervový systém patofyziologie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• bolest ucha * diagnóza   etiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• míšní nervy patofyziologie   MeSH
• nemoci kraniálních nervů patofyziologie   MeSH
• nervus facialis patofyziologie   MeSH
• nervus glossopharyngeus patofyziologie   MeSH
• nervus trigeminus patofyziologie   MeSH
• nervus vagus patofyziologie   MeSH
• orofarynx * inervace   patofyziologie   patologie   MeSH
• ucho inervace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

The primary purpose of this study was to assess the response of autonomic cardiac activity and changes in the arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) during normobaric hypoxia and subsequent recovery. Heart rate variability (HRV) and SpO2 were monitored in a supine position during hypoxia (FiO2=9.6%) for 10min, and normoxic recovery in 29 subjects. Spectral analysis of HRV quantified the autonomic cardiac activity by means of low frequency (LF) (0.05-0.15Hz) and high frequency (HF) (0.15-0.50Hz) power transformed by natural logarithm (Ln). Based on the SpO2 response to hypoxia, the subjects were divided into Resistant (RG, SpO2=80.8±7.0%) or Sensitive (SG, SpO2=67.2±2.9%) group. The SpO2 and vagal activity (LnHF) significantly decreased during hypoxia in both groups. A withdrawal in vagal activity was significantly greater in SG compared to RG. Moreover, only in SG, a relative increase in sympathetic modulation (Ln LF/HF) during hypoxia occurred. Correlations (r=-0.461, and r=0.595, both P<0.05) between ΔSpO2 (delta) and ΔLn LF/HF, and ΔLnHF were found. Based on results, it seems that SpO2 level could be an important factor that influences the autonomic cardiac response in hypoxia.

• MeSH
• arterie metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hypoxie patofyziologie   MeSH
• kyslík krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nervus vagus patofyziologie   MeSH
• srdeční frekvence fyziologie   MeSH
• sympatický nervový systém patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

While the parasympathetic nervous system appears to be involved in the regulation of tumor progression, its exact role is still unclear. Therefore, using a rat BP6-TU2 fibrosarcoma tumor model, we investigated the effect of (1) reduction of vagal activity produced by subdiaphragmatic vagotomy; and (2) enhancement of vagal activity produced by continuous delivery of electric impulses to the cervical part of the vagus nerve on tumor development and survival of tumor-bearing rats. We also evaluated the expression of cholinergic receptors within in vitro cultivated BP6-TU2 cells. Interestingly, we found that both, vagal stimulation and subdiaphragmatic vagotomy slightly reduced tumor incidence. However, survival of tumor-bearing rats was not affected by any of the experimental approaches. Additionally, we detected mRNA expression of the α1, α2, α5, α7, and α10 subunits of nicotinic receptors and the M1, M3, M4, and M5 subtypes of muscarinic receptors within in vitro cultivated BP6-TU2 cells. Our data indicate that the role of the vagus nerve in modulation of fibrosarcoma development is ambiguous and uncertain and requires further investigation.

• MeSH
• elektrická stimulace MeSH
• fibrosarkom mortalita   patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• messenger RNA metabolismus   MeSH
• míra přežití MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• nervus vagus patofyziologie   MeSH
• nikotinové receptory genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• receptory muskarinové genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• vagotomie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• chemoreceptory účinky léků   MeSH
• kontrakce myokardu genetika   účinky záření   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• multiorgánové selhání mortalita   patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• nemoci autonomního nervového systému farmakoterapie   MeSH
• nervus vagus patofyziologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• presoreceptory účinky léků   MeSH
• receptory cholinergní metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• srdeční frekvence fyziologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

AIMS: The purpose of the study was to demonstrate autonomic nervous system (ANS) changes associated with treatment in hypertensive patients and utilization of these measurements in practice. METHODS: Hypertensive patients were examined before the start of treatment and after blood pressure compensation. The telemetric system VarCor PF 5 was used for non-invasive heart rate registration and automatic evaluation of heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. The supine-standing-supine test with ortho-clinostatic loading in standard conditions was used for HRV evaluation. RESULTS: The influence of antihypertensive therapy on ANS was demonstrated in two cases. The first was a case of a responder to therapy and the second case was example of a non-responder to monotherapy regarding more therapeutic steps for blood pressure control. Different modes of results presentation are demonstrated: 3D graph, numeric form of standard parameters of HRV, computer interpretation of results by means of complex parameters and indices in numeric, graphic and verbal form with functional age calculation, cross graph of vagal activity index versus sympatho-vagal balance index was used for repeated measurements and follow-up. The increased spectral performance with augmented vagal activity and slope down of sympatho-vagal ratio are evident after blood pressure control achievement. Improvement of functional age parameter associated with blood pressure compensation is visible using a complex age-dependent parameters interpretation. CONCLUSIONS: HRV evaluation in hypertensive patients provides new parameters for patient's examination. These parameters are influenced by both the illness itself and by pharmacotherapy. Such an approach offers more complex information about patient.

• MeSH
• antihypertenziva aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• autonomní nervový systém patofyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hypertenze farmakoterapie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• krevní tlak MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nervus vagus patofyziologie   MeSH
• postura těla fyziologie   MeSH
• srdeční frekvence MeSH
• supinační poloha fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH