Working memory (WM) is essential for the temporary storage and processing of information required for complex cognitive tasks and relies on neuronal theta and gamma oscillations. Given the limited capacity of WM, researchers have investigated various methods to improve it, including transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), which modulates brain activity at specific frequencies. One particularly promising approach is theta-gamma peak-coupled-tACS (TGCp-tACS), which simulates the natural interaction between theta and gamma oscillations that occurs during cognitive control in the brain. The aim of this study was to improve WM in healthy young adults with TGCp-tACS, focusing on both behavioral and neurophysiological outcomes. Thirty-one participants completed five WM tasks under both sham and verum stimulation conditions. Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings before and after stimulation showed that TGCp-tACS increased power spectral density (PSD) in the high-gamma region at the stimulation site, while PSD decreased in the theta and delta regions throughout the cortex. From a behavioral perspective, although no significant changes were observed in most tasks, there was a significant improvement in accuracy in the 14-item Sternberg task, indicating an improvement in phonological WM. In conclusion, TGCp-tACS has the potential to promote and improve the phonological component of WM. To fully realize the cognitive benefits, further research is needed to refine the stimulation parameters and account for individual differences, such as baseline cognitive status and hormonal factors.
- MeSH
- chování fyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elektrická stimulace MeSH
- elektroencefalografie MeSH
- gama rytmus EEG fyziologie MeSH
- krátkodobá paměť * fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- přímá transkraniální stimulace mozku * metody MeSH
- theta rytmus EEG fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method that, through its manipulation of endogenous oscillations, can affect cognition in healthy adults. Given the fact that both endogenous oscillations and cognition are impaired in various psychiatric diagnoses, tACS might represent a suitable intervention. We conducted a search of Pubmed and Web of Science databases and reviewed 27 studies where tACS is used in psychiatric diagnoses and cognition change is evaluated. TACS is a safe and well-tolerated intervention method, suitable for multiple-sessions protocols. It can be administered at home, individualized according to the patient''s anatomical and functional characteristics, or used as a marker of disease progression. The results are varying across diagnoses and applied protocols, with some protocols showing a long-term effect. However, the overall number of studies is small with a great variety of diagnoses and tACS parameters, such as electrode montage or used frequency. Precise mechanisms of tACS interaction with pathophysiological processes are only partially described and need further research. Currently, tACS seems to be a feasible method to alleviate cognitive impairment in psychiatric patients; however, a more robust confirmation of efficacy of potential protocols is needed to introduce it into clinical practise.
- MeSH
- duševní poruchy * terapie patofyziologie MeSH
- kognitivní dysfunkce * patofyziologie etiologie terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- přímá transkraniální stimulace mozku * metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Recently, transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) has gained increasing popularity among researchers, especially for recovery and improvement, but interpretation of these results is difficult due to variations in study methods and outcome measurements. The main goal of this study was to better understand the postural and balance indicators affected by cerebellar tES, as the cerebellum is the main brain region responsible for controlling balance. For this systematic literature review, three databases were searched for articles where the cerebellum was stimulated by any type of tES in either healthy participants or those with neurologic disorders. Postural, dynamic, and/or static stability measurements were recorded, and risk of bias was assessed on the PEDro scale. A total of 21 studies were included in the analysis. 17 studies reported improvements after application of tES. 14 studies stimulated the cerebellum unilaterally and 15 used this modality for 20 min. Moreover, all studies exclusively used transcranial direct current as the type of stimulation. Evaluation of PEDro results showed that studies included in the analysis utilized good methodology. Although there were some inconsistencies in study results, overall, it was demonstrated that tES can improve balance and postural index under both healthy and neurological conditions. Further research of bilateral cerebellar stimulation or the use of transcranial alternating current stimulation, transcranial random noise stimulation, and transcranial pulsed current stimulation is needed for a more comprehensive assessment of the potential positive effects of cerebellar tES on the balance system.
Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with cognitive training (tDCS-cog) represents a promising approach to combat cognitive decline among healthy older adults and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In this 5-day-long double-blinded randomized trial, we investigated the impact of intensified tDCS-cog protocol involving two trains of stimulation per day on working memory (WM) enhancement in 35 amnestic and multidomain amnestic MCI patients. Specifically, we focused to improve WM tasks relying on top-down attentional control and hypothesized that intensified tDCS would enhance performance of visual object matching task (VOMT) immediately after the stimulation regimen and at a 1-month follow-up. Secondarily, we explored whether the stimulation would augment online visual working memory training. Using fMRI, we aimed to elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying the intervention effects by analyzing BOLD activations during VOMT. Our main finding revealed no superior after-effects of tDCS-cog over the sham on VOMT among individuals with MCI as indicated by insignificant immediate and long-lasting after-effects. Additionally, the tDCS-cog did not enhance online training as predicted. The fMRI analysis revealed brain activity alterations in right insula that may be linked to tDCS-cog intervention. In the study we discuss the insignificant behavioral results in the context of the current evidence in tDCS parameter space and opening the discussion of possible interference between trained cognitive tasks.
- MeSH
- dorsolaterální prefrontální kortex MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- kognitivní dysfunkce * terapie MeSH
- krátkodobá paměť fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozek diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- prefrontální mozková kůra fyziologie MeSH
- přímá transkraniální stimulace mozku * metody MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
transkraniální elektrická stimulace (tes) nachází v posledních letech široké uplatnění ve výzkumu a léčbě řady neuropsychiatrických poruch. Jedním z hlavních představitelů těchto metod je transkraniální stimulace stejnosměrným proudem (tDCS), bezpečná a dobře tolerovaná neuromodulační metoda s možností domácí aplikace, která má podle současných tDCS doporučení evidenci účinku u některých neuropsychiatrických poruch. Uvedené sdělení, které je podkladem pro „Doporučené postupy psychiatrické péče české lékařské společnosti J. E. Purkyně“ má za úkol čtenáře seznámit se současnými možnostmi využití tDCS jako experimentální metody v léčbě psychiatrických poruch.
In recent years, transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) have found a wide application in the research and treatment of a number of neuropsychiatric disorders. One of the main representatives of these methods is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a safe and well-tolerated neuromodulation method, with the possibility of home application, which has a record of effect in some neuropsychiatric disorders according to current tDCS recommendations. The present communication, which is the basis for the „Recommended Guidelines of Psychiatric Care of the Czech Medical Association J. E. Purkyně“, aims to inform the reader about the current possibilities of using tDCS as an experimental method in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
OBJECTIVE: Alzheimer's disease dementia (AD) and its preclinical stage, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), are critical issues confronting the aging society. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have the potential to be effective tools for enhancing cognitive functioning. The main objective of our meta-analysis was to quantify and update the status of the efficacy of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) when applied in AD and MCI. METHODS: The systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science according to PRISMA statement. RESULTS: Pooled effect sizes (Hedges' g) from 32 studies were analyzed using random effect models. We found both, rTMS and tDCS to have significant immediate cognition-enhancing effect in AD with rTMS inducing also beneficial long-term effects. We found no evidence for synergistic effect of cognitive training with NIBS. CONCLUSIONS: In AD a clinical recommendation can be made for NEURO-ADTM system and for high-frequency rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) as probably effective protocols (B-level of evidence) and for anodal tDCS over the left DLPFC as a possibly effective. SIGNIFICANCE: According to scientific literature, NIBS may be an effective method for improving cognition in AD and possibly in MCI.
- MeSH
- Alzheimerova nemoc * terapie psychologie MeSH
- kognice MeSH
- kognitivní dysfunkce * terapie psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozek fyziologie MeSH
- přímá transkraniální stimulace mozku * metody MeSH
- transkraniální magnetická stimulace metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
- MeSH
- deprese nereagující na léčbu * terapie MeSH
- elektrokonvulzívní terapie * metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- přímá transkraniální stimulace mozku metody MeSH
- schizofrenie terapie MeSH
- tinnitus terapie MeSH
- transkraniální magnetická stimulace metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- novinové články MeSH
Transkraniální stimulace stejnosměrným proudem (tDCS) je neinvazivní neuromodulační metoda, která je založena na účinku stejnosměrného proudu nízké intenzity na mozkovou tkáň. Využití tDCS je v posledních letech zkoumáno u řady neuropsychiatrických chorob. Cílem tohoto článku je poskytnout přehled možností a efekt aplikace tDCS v léčbě pozitivních, negativních a kognitivních symptomů schizofrenie.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neurostimulation method that utilizes the effect of low-intensity direct current on brain tissue. In recent years, the use of tDCS has been studied for a number of neuropsychiatric diseases. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the potential application and effect of tDCS in the treatment of positive, negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neurobehaviorální symptomy účinky záření MeSH
- přímá transkraniální stimulace mozku * metody MeSH
- schizofrenie patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
