Anthropogenic eutrophication of freshwater bodies increases the occurrence of toxic cyanobacterial blooms. The cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is detected in the environment with increasing frequency, driving the scientific effort to assess emerging health risks from CYN-producing blooms. Oral exposure to CYN results primarily in hepatotoxicity. Nevertheless, extrahepatic manifestations of CYN toxicity have been reported. Furthermore, cyanotoxins have been detected in aerosols and dust particles, suggesting potential toxic effects in the respiratory tract. To assess the susceptibility of airway epithelia towards cyanotoxins, monolayers of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells HBE1 and 16HBE14o- were exposed to a concentration range of 0.1-10 μM CYN. Cytotoxic endpoints were assessed as morphologic alterations, resazurin reduction capacity, esterase activity, neutral red uptake, and by impedimetric real-time cell analysis. Depending on the endpoint assessed, EC50 values ranged between 0.7 and 1.8 μM (HBE1) and 1.6-4.8 μM (16HBE14o-). To evaluate alterations of other cellular events by subcytotoxic concentration of CYN (1 μM), phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK and p38 was determined. Only a slight increase in p38 phosphorylation was induced by CYN in HBE1 cell line after 48 h, while activities of both ERK1/2 and p38 gradually and significantly increased in 16HBE14o- cells during 8-48 h exposure. This study suggests possible hazards of inhalation CYN exposures, which may severely impact the integrity of airway epithelia and epithelial cell signaling. Further research of CYN-induced toxicity and underlying mechanisms is needed, as well as more data on environmental concentrations of cyanotoxins in aerosols for exposure assessment.
- MeSH
- bakteriální toxiny farmakologie MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- dýchací soustava cytologie MeSH
- epitelové buňky účinky léků MeSH
- eutrofizace * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrocystiny farmakologie MeSH
- mořské toxiny farmakologie MeSH
- uracil analogy a deriváty farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- biologie buňky MeSH
- bronchoalveolární laváž MeSH
- cytodiagnostika * MeSH
- dýchací soustava cytologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory plic * diagnóza patologie MeSH
- plíce * cytologie MeSH
- plicní nemoci * diagnóza patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- cytogenetické vyšetření metody využití MeSH
- cytologické techniky metody využití MeSH
- diagnostické techniky dýchacího ústrojí MeSH
- dýchací soustava anatomie a histologie cytologie imunologie MeSH
- histologické techniky metody využití MeSH
- imunochemie metody MeSH
- imunohistochemie metody využití MeSH
- klinické laboratorní techniky metody MeSH
- nemoci dýchací soustavy diagnóza MeSH
The rats were inhaling amosite and wollastonite fibres at two concentrations (30 and 60 mg/m3) one hour every second day and cigarette smoke of 3 cigarettes per day (with the exception of Saturdays and Sundays). They were sacrificed after 6 month of exposure. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed and selected inflammatory and cytotoxic parameters were examined. Amosite: inflammatory parameters were the most changed after 60 mg/m3 in both groups with or without smoking; the cytotoxic parameters were strongly influenced by smoking. Wollastonite (asbestos substitute) inhalation confirmed lower inflammatory and cytotoxic effects on all examined animal groups in comparison with amosite.
- MeSH
- amositový azbest toxicita MeSH
- bronchoalveolární lavážní tekutina cytologie MeSH
- dýchací soustava cytologie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mediátory zánětu metabolismus MeSH
- minerální vlákna toxicita MeSH
- silikáty toxicita MeSH
- sloučeniny vápníku toxicita MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- znečištění tabákovým kouřem škodlivé účinky MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- cytogenetické vyšetření metody využití MeSH
- cytologické techniky metody využití MeSH
- diagnostické techniky dýchacího ústrojí MeSH
- dýchací soustava anatomie a histologie cytologie imunologie MeSH
- histologické techniky metody využití MeSH
- imunochemie metody MeSH
- imunohistochemie metody využití MeSH
- klinické laboratorní techniky metody MeSH
- nemoci dýchací soustavy diagnóza MeSH
