INTRODUCTION: The superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN) and the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LACN) are sensory nerves coursing within the forearm in a close relationship. This high degree of overlap and eventual communication between the nerves is of great surgical importance. The aim of our study is to identify the communication pattern and overlap of the nerves, to localize the position of this communication in relation to a bony landmark, and to specify the most common communication patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and two adult formalin-fixed cadaveric forearms from 51 cadavers of Central European origin were meticulously dissected. The SBRN, as well as the LACN, were identified. The morphometric parameters concerning these nerves, as well as their branches and connections, were measured with a digital caliper. RESULTS: We have described the primary (PCB) and secondary communications (SCB) between the SBRN and the LACN and their overlap patterns. One hundred and nine PCBs were found in 75 (73.53%) forearms of 44 (86.27%) cadavers and fourteen SCBs in eleven hands (10.78%) of eight cadavers (15.69%). Anatomical and surgical classifications were created. Anatomically, the PCBs were classified in three different ways concerning: (1) the role of the branch of the SBRN within the connection; (2) the position of the communicating branch to the SBRN; and (3) the position of the LACN branch involved in the communication to the cephalic vein (CV). The mean length and width of the PCBs were 17.12 mm (ranged from 2.33 to 82.96 mm) and 0.73 mm (ranged from 0.14 to 2.01 mm), respectively. The PCB was located proximally to the styloid process of the radius at an average distance of 29.91 mm (ranged from 4.15 to 97.61 mm). Surgical classification is based on the localization of the PCBs to a triangular zone of the SBRN branching. The most frequent branch of the SBRN involved in the communication was the third (66.97%). Due to the frequency and position of the PCB with the third branch of the SBRN, the danger zone was predicted. According to the overlap between the SBRN and the LACN, we have divided 102 forearms into four types: (1) no overlap; (2) present overlap; (3) pseudo-overlap; and (4) both present and pseudo-overlap. Type 4 was the most common. CONCLUSION: The patterns of communicating branch arrangements appeared to be not just a rare phenomenon or variation, but rather a common situation highlighting clinical importance. Due to the close relationship and connection of these nerves, there is a high probability of simultaneous lesion.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mrtvola MeSH
• nervus radialis * anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• předloktí * inervace   MeSH
• radius MeSH
• ruka inervace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE: Lumbrical muscles of the upper limb belong to the middle group of intrinsic hand muscles. Their anatomical variability has been extensively studied with heterogeneous findings. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the lumbrical muscles variations in the human hand. METHODS: For this purpose, four major electronic databases were searched to identify eligible studies. Then, all relevant data were extracted, and statistical analysis performed. A new classification of lumbrical muscles variations is proposed to summarize and clearly define all described findings. We included 26 studies, making a total sample of 1340 dissected hands. FINDINGS: The most common variations for each muscle were an accessory belly for the first lumbrical muscle, a variable origin for the second lumbrical muscle, a variable innervation for the third lumbrical muscle and a variable insertion for the fourth lumbrical muscle with the prevalence 3.8%; 7.7%; 12% and 5.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that results of our statistical analysis are suitable for both hand surgeons and other medical professionals dealing with hand injuries or functional problems in their daily routine.

• MeSH
• kosterní svaly * inervace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ruka * inervace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

We have found an interesting coincidental variation of the superficial branch of the radial nerve and the brachioradialis muscle in a male cadaver. The superficial branch of the radial nerve was duplicated with one branch taking an aberrant course between two bellies of the brachioradialis muscle. The variant brachioradialis muscle featured two muscle bellies, a superficial one and a deep one, with one common origin and one common insertional tendon. The accessory nerve branch was impinged by two blood vessels and pierced through muscle bundles connecting two bellies of the brachioradialis muscle. The knowledge of this neuromuscular variant is of clinical relevance for the differential diagnosis of pain and paresthesia on the dorsoradial aspect of the hand and for the surgical management of the Wartenberg's syndrome.

• MeSH
• anatomická variace * MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• kosterní svaly anatomie a histologie   inervace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mrtvola MeSH
• nervus radialis abnormality   krevní zásobení   MeSH
• parestezie diagnóza   MeSH
• ruka inervace   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• šlachy anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• úžinové syndromy diagnóza   chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and the temporal structure of bilateral coherence in physiological (PT) and essential (ET) hand tremor. METHODS: Triaxial accelerometric recordings from both hands in 30 healthy subjects and 34 ET patients were analyzed using spectral coherence and wavelet coherence methods. In 12 additional healthy subjects, the relation between the hand tremor and the chest wall acceleration was evaluated using partial coherence analysis. RESULTS: The majority of both PT and ET subjects displayed significant bilateral coherence. While in PT, bilateral coherence was most frequently found in resting hand position (97% of subjects), in ET the prevalence was comparable for resting (54%) and postural (49%-57%) positions. In both PT and ET, epochs of strong coherence lasting several to a dozen seconds were separated by intervals of insignificant coherence. In PT, bilateral coherence at the main tremor frequency (8-12Hz) was coupled with the ballistocardiac rhythm. CONCLUSION: The oscillations of the two hands are intermittently synchronized in both PT and ET. We propose that in postural PT, bilateral coherence at the main tremor frequency arises from transient simultaneous entrainment of the left and right hand oscillations to ballistocardiac forcing. SIGNIFICANCE: Bilateral coherence of hand kinematics provides a sensitive measure of synchronizing influences on the left and right tremor oscillators.

• MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektromyografie MeSH
• esenciální tremor patofyziologie   MeSH
• funkční lateralita * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pohyb MeSH
• ruka inervace   patofyziologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tremor patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dlahy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• paréza * rehabilitace   MeSH
• ruka * inervace   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• arteria brachialis chirurgie   ultrasonografie   zranění   MeSH
• chirurgická dekomprese metody   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fixace fraktury metody   MeSH
• fraktury humeru * chirurgie   komplikace   radiografie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ruka inervace   krevní zásobení   ultrasonografie   MeSH
• výkony cévní chirurgie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH

Reflexní body můžeme nalézt a stimulovat také na rukou. Tato knížka nás seznamuje s reflexní masáží rukou, pomocí které lze zprůchodnit energetický tok v těle a zabránit četným nemocím nebo je i léčit, např. bolesti hlavy, špatné trávení, bolesti ve svalech, nachlazení a chřipku.

• MeSH
• komplementární terapie metody   MeSH
• masáž metody   MeSH
• reflexní terapie metody   MeSH
• ruka inervace   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• příručky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyzioterapie. Psychoterapie. Alternativní lékařství
• NLK Obory
• alternativní lékařství

OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to investigate the neurocognitive network in the frontal and lateral temporal cortices that is activated by the complex cognitive visuomotor tasks of letter writing. METHODS: Eight epilepsy surgery candidates with implanted intracerebral depth electrodes performed two tasks involving the writing of single letters. The first task consisted of copying letters. In the second task, the patients were requested to write any other letter. The cognitive load of the second task was increased mainly by larger involvement of the executive functions. The task-related ERD/ERS of the alpha, beta and gamma rhythms was studied. RESULTS: The alpha and beta ERD as the activational correlate of writing of single letters was found in the sensorimotor cortex, anterior cingulate, premotor, parietal cortices, SMA and the temporal pole. The alpha and beta ERD linked to the increased cognitive load was present moreover in the dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex and surprisingly also the temporal neocortex. Gamma ERS was detected mostly in the left motor cortex. CONCLUSIONS: Particularly the temporal neocortex was activated by the increased cognitive load. SIGNIFICANCE: The lateral temporal cortex together with frontal areas forms a cognitive network processing executive functions.

• MeSH
• čelní lalok anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• dominance mozková fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• duševní procesy fyziologie   MeSH
• elektroencefalografie MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• kognice fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mapování mozku MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• motorické dovednosti fyziologie   MeSH
• neokortex anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• nervová síť anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• nervové dráhy fyziologie   MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy MeSH
• pohyb fyziologie   MeSH
• psaní MeSH
• psychomotorický výkon fyziologie   MeSH
• ruka fyziologie   inervace   MeSH
• spánkový lalok anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• vůle MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Chronic pain is associated with motor dysfunctions, and stimulation of the motor cortex has been shown to alleviate chronic pain. Recently Nakata et al. [Pain 107 (2004) 91-98] showed differentiated patterns of neuromagnetic evoked fields following painful laser stimulation during phasic movements of stimulated and non-stimulated hand. Phasic movements and static contractions differ in their functional activation of the motor cortices. Therefore, we decided to analyze the effects of isometric contractions of intrinsic right and left hand muscles on cortical sources of somatic-evoked potentials related to a painful galvanic stimulation of the right middle finger. Using spatio-temporal source dipole analysis of 111 electroencephalographic signals in 10 right-handed men, source activities were evaluated in the left primary somatosensory cortex (S1), left (S2(L)) and right (S2(R)) secondary somatosensory cortex, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Ipsilateral hand muscle contraction was associated with a decrease of source activity in S1 and with subsequent increases in S2(L) and the PCC. Contralateral hand muscle contraction was accompanied by a decrease of source activity in bilateral S2 cortices followed by decreases in the S1 and anterior cingulate cortex. Results suggest early suppression of source activity in S1 during ipsilateral hand muscle contractions and in bilateral S2 during contralateral hand muscle contractions.

• MeSH
• bolest patofyziologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• cingulární gyrus fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektroencefalografie MeSH
• financování vládou MeSH
• isometrická kontrakce fyziologie   MeSH
• kosterní svaly fyziologie   inervace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• management bolesti MeSH
• motorické korové centrum fyziologie   MeSH
• nervový útlum fyziologie   MeSH
• propriocepce genetika   MeSH
• ruka fyziologie   inervace   MeSH
• somatosenzorické evokované potenciály fyziologie   MeSH
• somatosenzorické korové centrum fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH

• MeSH
• ruka anatomie a histologie   chirurgie   inervace   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• atlasy MeSH

• Konspekt
• Anatomie člověka a srovnávací anatomie
• NLK Obory
• anatomie
• chirurgie