Using MRI, a characteristic pattern of grey matter (GM) atrophy has been described in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD); GM patterns at different stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been inconclusive. Few studies have directly compared structural changes in groups with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) caused by different pathologies (AD, PD). We used several analytical methods to determine GM changes at different stages of both PD and AD. We also evaluated associations between GM changes and cognitive measurements. Altogether 144 subjects were evaluated: PD with normal cognition (PD-NC; n = 23), PD with MCI (PD-MCI; n = 24), amnestic MCI (aMCI; n = 27), AD (n = 12), and age-matched healthy controls (HC; n = 58). All subjects underwent structural MRI and cognitive examination. GM volumes were analysed using two different techniques: voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and source-based morphometry (SBM), which is a multivariate method. In addition, cortical thickness (CT) was evaluated to assess between-group differences in GM. The cognitive domain z-scores were correlated with GM changes in individual patient groups. GM atrophy in the anterior and posterior cingulate, as measured by VBM, in the temporo-fronto-parietal component, as measured by SBM, and in the posterior cortical regions as well as in the anterior cingulate and frontal region, as measured by CT, differentiated aMCI from HC. Major hippocampal and temporal lobe atrophy (VBM, SBM) and to some extent occipital atrophy (SBM) differentiated AD from aMCI and from HC. Correlations with cognitive deficits were present only in the AD group. PD-MCI showed greater GM atrophy than PD-NC in the orbitofrontal regions (VBM), which was related to memory z-scores, and in the left superior parietal lobule (CT); more widespread limbic and fronto-parieto-occipital neocortical atrophy (all methods) differentiated this group from HC. Only CT revealed subtle GM atrophy in the anterior cingulate, precuneus, and temporal neocortex in PD-NC as compared to HC. None of the methods differentiated PD-MCI from aMCI. Both MCI groups showed distinct limbic and fronto-temporo-parietal neocortical atrophy compared to HC with no specific between-group differences. AD subjects displayed a typical pattern of major temporal lobe atrophy which was associated with deficits in all cognitive domains. VBM and CT were more sensitive than SBM in identifying frontal and posterior cortical atrophy in PD-MCI as compared to PD-NC. Our data support the notion that the results of studies using different analytical methods cannot be compared directly. Only CT measures revealed some subtle differences between HC and PD-NC.

• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   psychologie   MeSH
• atrofie patologie   MeSH
• hipokampus patologie   MeSH
• kognice * MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce patologie   MeSH
• kognitivní poruchy MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mastektomie MeSH
• mozek patologie   MeSH
• paměť MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   psychologie   MeSH
• šedá hmota diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• spánkový lalok patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

While previous studies suggested that perfusion abnormalities in Parkinson's disease (PD) are driven by dementia, our study aimed to identify perfusion underpinning of cognitive alteration in non-demented PD patients. Cerebral blood flow was measured using arterial spin labelling (ASL) in 28 PD patients (age 65 years ± 9.9 SD) and 16 age-matched healthy controls (HC) (age 65 years ± 7.8 SD), who also underwent neurological and cognitive testing. The 3D pseudocontinuous ASL and T2-weighted scans from 22 PD patients and 16 HC were analysed in a voxel-wise manner using SPM8 software. Associations between the ASL values in volumes of interest (VOIs) and behavioural and cognitive measures were assessed by Spearman correlation analysis. Posterior cortical hypoperfusion was found in PD patients compared to HC in the left supramarginal gyrus/superior temporal gyrus (VOI1) and left posterior cingulate/precuneus (VOI2). Positive correlation was revealed between perfusion in the VOI2 and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R) scores after filtering out the effect of age, levodopa equivalent dose (LED), and total intracranial volume (TIV) (R = 0.51, p = 0.04). Conversely, negative correlation between VOI1 and ACE-R was detected (R = -0.62, p = 0.01) after regressing out the effects of motor impairment, age, LED, and TIV. In non-demented subjects with PD, blood flow abnormalities in precuneus/posterior cingulate were linked to the level of motor impairment and global cognitive performance. Oppositely, perfusion abnormalities in supramarginal gyrus might serve as a compensatory mechanism for brain degeneration and decreased cognitive performance.

• MeSH
• cerebrovaskulární poruchy diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
• mozková kůra diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• mozkový krevní oběh fyziologie   MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu MeSH
• pohybová aktivita MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• spinové značení MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Functional connectivity is abnormal in PD and in early Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate resting-state striato-cortical connectivity in PD and Alzheimer's disease and assess their relation to cognitive outcomes. Groups with mild cognitive impairment as a result of different pathologies (PD vs. Alzheimer's disease) were also compared. METHODS: Seed-based connectivity of the dorsal, middle, and ventral striatum was analyzed in 111 patients using functional MRI. The correlation between connectivity at regions of between-group differences and clinical outcomes was assessed. RESULTS: Patients showed lower striatal connectivity than controls. Connectivity between the middle (associative) striatum and precuneus negatively correlated with executive functions in PD and with memory performance in Alzheimer's disease. PD with cognitive impairment showed decreased connectivity of the dorsal (motor) striatum when compared with early Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSIONS: Striatal connectivity was reduced in patients when compared with controls. Similar compensatory mechanisms were employed to overcome various cognitive deficits in PD and Alzheimer's disease. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc komplikace   diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• corpus striatum diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• exekutivní funkce fyziologie   MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce diagnostické zobrazování   etiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• konektom metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mozková kůra diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc komplikace   diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Alzheimerova nemoc (AD) je hlavní příčinou demence u seniorů. Farmakologická léčba modifikující průběh nemoci není k dispozici, a proto se více pozornosti věnuje nefarmakologickým přístupům. Hlavním cílem projektu je vytvořit strukturovaný tanečně-pohybový program pro zdravé seniory (HS) a pacienty s mírnou kognitivní poruchou při AD (MCI) a vyhodnotit jeho efekt na změny struktury a funkce mozku u těchto jedinců. Tato 44-měsíční randomizovaná kontrolovaná studie bude provedena na 120 subjektech: 60 HS a 60 pacientech s MCI. Polovina z každé skupiny podstoupí 6ti-měsíční tanečně-pohybovou intervenci (50 cvičebních jednotek v délce 60 min s použitím inovace v taneční choreografii); druhá polovina bude tvořit kontrolní skupinu (život jako doposud). Všichni účastníci budou hodnoceni na začátku studie a po 6 měsících s využitím pokročilého multimodálního MRI protokolu a rezonanční spektroskopie (MRS) a pomocí detailního standardizovaného kognitivního vyšetření. Výsledky projektu prohloubí naše znalosti a porozumění tanečně-pohybové intervenci a jejímu vlivu na HS a pacienty s MCI.; Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the major cause of dementia in seniors. Pharmacological disease-modifying treatment is not available, and increasing attention is thus being given to non-pharmacological approaches. Our project aim is to develop a structured dance-exercise protocol for healthy seniors (HS) and patients with mild cognitive impairment in AD (MCI) and evaluate its effect on brain structure and function in these populations. A 44-month randomized placebo-controlled study will be performed in 120 subjects: 60 HS and 60 MCI. Half of each group will undergo a 6-month dance-exercise intervention (a total of 50 training units, each lasting for 60 min, with innovative dance choreography); the second half will be a control (life as usual) group. All subjects will be assessed at baseline and after 6 months utilizing a novel advanced multimodal MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy protocol and detailed standardized cognitive testing. The project results will enhance our knowledge and understanding of the dance-exercise intervention and its impact on HS and MCI subjects.

• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc terapie   MeSH
• časná lékařská intervence MeSH
• hodnocení programu MeSH
• kognice MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce terapie   MeSH
• kontrolní skupiny MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• neuroplasticita MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• terapie cvičením MeSH
• terapie tancem MeSH
• zobrazování difuzních tenzorů MeSH
• Check Tag
• senioři MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyzioterapie. Psychoterapie. Alternativní lékařství
• NLK Obory
• psychoterapie
• rehabilitační a fyzikální medicína
• neurologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR