Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are proposed to contribute to membrane depolarization and Ca2+ influx into vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells. Our aim was to study the effects of widely used broad-range TRP channel inhibitors--2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), flufenamic acid (FFA) and SKF-96365--on the contraction of freshly isolated small and large arteries. Endothelium-denuded resistance (≈250 μm) and conduit (≈1000 μm) femoral arteries were isolated from adult Wistar rats and mounted in wire myograph. The effects of the above mentioned TRP channel inhibitors and voltage-dependent calcium channel inhibitor nifedipine were studied on arterial contractions induced by phenylephrine, U-46619 or K+. Phenylephrine-induced contractions were also studied in the absence of extracellular Na+. mRNA expression of particular canonical and melastatin TRP channel subunits in femoral vascular bed was determined. TRP channel inhibitors attenuated K+-induced contraction less than nifedipine. Phenylephrine-induced contraction was more influenced by 2-APB in resistance arteries, while FFA completely prevented U-46619-induced contraction in both sizes of arteries. The absence of extracellular Na+ prevented the inhibitory effects of 2-APB, but not those of FFA. The observed effects of broad-range TRP channel inhibitors, which were dependent on the size of the artery, confirmed the involvement of TRP channels in agonist-induced contractions. The inhibitory effects of 2-APB (but not those of FFA or SKF-96365) were dependent on the presence of extracellular Na+.

• MeSH
• arteria femoralis účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• imidazoly farmakologie   MeSH
• kationtové kanály TRP antagonisté a inhibitory   fyziologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• kyselina flufenamová farmakologie   MeSH
• orgánové kultury - kultivační techniky MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• sloučeniny boru farmakologie   MeSH
• svaly hladké cévní účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• vazokonstrikce účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Úvod: Problematika vzťahu hemisferálnej dominancie horných končatín a rečových funkcií v zdravej populácii je stále predmetom skúmania a diskusie. Použili sme fokálnu transkraniálnu magnetickú stimuláciu (TMS) ako neinvazívnu vyšetrovaciu metódu k stanoveniu hemisferálnej dominancie končatín a reči a výsledky sme porovnali s viacerými neuropsychologickými testami. Metodika: 91 zdravých osôb (vek 26 ? 4,6) podstúpilo neuropsychologické testovanie končatinovej dominancie, mapovanie kortikálnej reprezentácie  m. abductor pollicis brevis (APB) fokálnou TMS a repetitívnu TMS (rTMS) k stanoveniu lateralizácie rečových funkcií – rTMS(1) s paradigmou číselného radu a rTMS(2) s paradigmou generovania slov. Výsledky: Zistili sme štatisticky významnú koreláciu medzi kortikálnou asymetriou reprezentácie ľavého a pravého APB a všetkými neuropsychologickými testami končatinovej dominancie (p < 0,001). Lateralizácia zástavy reči zistená rTMS(1) korelovala s rozhodujúcou väčšinou testov končatinovej dominancie. Pri rTMS(2) sme zistili významne dlhší reakčný čas v 29 zo 42 testovaných subjektoch, ale zistili sme pozitívnu koreláciu s jedným z testov. Závery: Končatinová dominancia je združená s asymetriou kortikálnej reprezentácie APB. Pravostranná dominancia reči v skupine zdravých pravákov nie je taká zriedkavá, ako sa myslí (9,5 %). Čím je výraznejšia ľavorukosť, tým vyššia je pravdepodobnosť lateralizácie rečových funkcií v pravej hemisfére (9,5–33 %). Použitím rTMS sme ďalej zistili: a) tvorba reči môže byť ovplyvnená v dvoch rôznych miestach gyrus frontalis inferior, b) pars triangularis je zavzatá do verbálnej produkcie iba u niektorých jedincov, c) motorický prah je významne vyšší pre kognitívne ako pre motorické funkcie. TMS s použitím fokálnej cievky môže byť objektívnou metódou k určeniu končatinovej a rečovej hemisferálnej dominancie.

Introduction: There still is some debate about the relationship between handedness and speech in healthy subjects. We used focal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as a non‑invasive method to determine hemispheric dominance and compared our results with several neuropsychological tests. Methods: 91 healthy subjects (age 26 ? 4.6) underwent neuropsychological testing for handedness, TMS mapping of cortical representation of abductor pollicis brevis (APB), repetitive TMS (rTMS) to determine language lateralization with Number‑counting paradigm – rTMS(1), and Verb‑generation paradigm – rTMS(2). Results: There was a significant correlation between cortical asymmetry of the left/ right APB and all the used neuropsychological tests of handedness (p < 0.001). Laterality of speech arrest using rTMS(1) correlated with the majority of tests for handedness. When rTMS(2) was used, there was significantly longer reaction time in 29/42 subjects but we found correlation with only one of the tests. Conclusion: Handedness is associated with asymmetry in cortical motor representation. Right‑cerebral dominance for language in healthy right‑handers is not as rare as it was supposed (9.5%). Stronger left‑handedness is associated with higher probability of language dominance in the right hemisphere (9.5–33%). When using rTMS, we found that: a) speech production can be influenced by 2 different areas in the gyrus frontalis inferior, b) pars triangularis is involved in verb production only in some subjects, c) motor threshold is significantly higher for cognitive processes than for motor functions. TMS with focal magnetic coil can be used as an objective method for mapping cortical motor asymmetry of handedness and language functions.

• MeSH
• dominance mozková MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektroencefalografie MeSH
• funkční lateralita * fyziologie   MeSH
• horní končetina * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• motorické evokované potenciály MeSH
• mozek fyziologie   MeSH
• neuropsychologie MeSH
• řeč * MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• transkraniální magnetická stimulace * MeSH
• velký mozek MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Switching of the paraprotein isotype or transient presence of oligoclonal bands detectable by serum immunofixation electrophoresis has been reported following not only transplantations, but also after intensive chemotherapy for leukemia. Retrospective analysis of 72 transplanted myeloma patients was carried out to determine the frequency and clinical significance of the appearance of abnormal proteins bands (APB) distinct from the original paraprotein. APB presence was observed in 31 patients (43%) already after the first autotransplant, the median interval from transplant was 2 months (range, 1 to 6 months). The most frequent occurrence of APB was observed after allogeneic transplantation. In the group of patients with APB presence more patients achieved complete remission (32.2% versus 17.1%), statistically significant differences were also established when we compared the percentage of surviving patients and overall survival, to the present date, among both groups of patients (p=0.03). All relapsed patients with previous isotype class switching had disease characterized by the same type of paraprotein as that detected at diagnosis. The development of APB is likely related to the recovery of impaired immunoglobulin production after transplantation. We confirmed favourable prognostic significance of this finding in transplanted myeloma patients.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• homologní transplantace MeSH
• imunoglobulinové izotypy metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• míra přežití MeSH
• mnohočetný myelom imunologie   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• nemoc štěpu proti hostiteli MeSH
• paraproteinemie patologie   MeSH
• paraproteiny imunologie   MeSH
• přesmyk imunoglobulinových tříd MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• transplantace periferních kmenových buněk MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

The vanilloid transient receptor potential channel TRPV1 is a tetrameric six-transmembrane segment (S1-S6) channel that can be synergistically activated by various proalgesic agents such as capsaicin, protons, heat, or highly depolarizing voltages, and also by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), a common activator of the related thermally gated vanilloid TRP channels TRPV1, TRPV2, and TRPV3. In these channels, the conserved charged residues in the intracellular S4-S5 region have been proposed to constitute part of a voltage sensor that acts in concert with other stimuli to regulate channel activation. The molecular basis of this gating event is poorly understood. We mutated charged residues all along the S4 and the S4-S5 linker of TRPV1 and identified four potential voltage-sensing residues (Arg(557), Glu(570), Asp(576), and Arg(579)) that, when specifically mutated, altered the functionality of the channel with respect to voltage, capsaicin, heat, 2-APB, and/or their interactions in different ways. The nonfunctional charge-reversing mutations R557E and R579E were partially rescued by the charge-swapping mutations R557E/E570R and D576R/R579E, indicating that electrostatic interactions contribute to allosteric coupling between the voltage-, temperature- and capsaicin-dependent activation mechanisms. The mutant K571E was normal in all aspects of TRPV1 activation except for 2-APB, revealing the specific role of Lys(571) in chemical sensitivity. Surprisingly, substitutions at homologous residues in TRPV2 or TRPV3 had no effect on temperature- and 2-APB-induced activity. Thus, the charged residues in S4 and the S4-S5 linker contribute to voltage sensing in TRPV1 and, despite their highly conserved nature, regulate the temperature and chemical gating in the various TRPV channels in different ways.

• MeSH
• elektrofyziologie metody   MeSH
• iontové kanály chemie   MeSH
• kationtové kanály TRP metabolismus   MeSH
• kationtové kanály TRPV metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membránové proteiny chemie   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• mutageneze cílená MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• sekvenční homologie aminokyselin MeSH
• terciární struktura proteinů MeSH
• vysoká teplota MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Úvod: Karbapenemy představují léky volby v případě závažných infekcí způsobených ESBL- a AmpC-pozitivními enterobakteriemi. Bohužel, v poslední době se objevuje vzrůstající trend vzniku odolnosti k těmto antimikrobním přípravkům. Cílem práce bylo stanovit výskyt rezistence ke karbapenemům u klinických izolátů čeledi Enterobacteriaceae a v případě záchytu stanovit její mechanizmus. Metodika: V časovém období 1. 4. 2009–31. 8. 2010 byly z klinického materiálu pacientů hospitalizovaných ve Fakultní nemocnici Olomouc (FN OL) (1 406 lůžek, z toho 155 na JIP), izolovány enterobakterie. Kultury byly identifikovány standardními mikrobiologickými postupy a jejich citlivost k antibiotikům byla stanovena diluční mikrometodou. U izolátů s minimální inhibiční koncentrací (MIC) meropenemu 2 mg/l a vyšší byla identifikace konfirmována automatickým systémem Phoenix (Becton Dickinson). Rovněž MIC meropenemu byla potvrzena E-testem a systémem Phoenix. Produkce karbapenemáz byla testována modifikovaným Hodgeho testem a kombinovaným testem s kys. 3-aminofenylboritou (3-APB) a EDTA. Dále byly použity CD-test k průkazu serinových karbapenemáz a modifikovaný DDST (mDDST) k průkazu metalo-beta-laktamáz (MBL). Tvorba ESBL a AmpC byla stanovena pomocí mDDST a modifikovaného AmpC testu. U vybraných izolátů pak byly detekovány geny kódující uvedené enzymy s využitím sady primerů umožňujícich amplifikaci specifických úseků jednotlivých beta-laktamáz. Následná charakterizace TEM a SHV pozitivních PCR produktů byla provedena pomocí restrikční analýzy. Výsledky: Z celkového počtu 12 605 enterobakterií bylo získáno 9 izolátů s MIC meropenemu 2 mg/l a vyšší. Sedm z nich bylo určeno jako Klebsiella pneumoniae, ve dvou případech se jednalo o Enterobacter cloacae. MIC meropenemu se u všech pohybovala v rozmezí 2–16 mg/l. Přitom produkce serinových karbapenemáz a MBL nebyla prokázána u žádného z nich. Stejně i PCR analýzy u nich neprokázaly přítomnost kódujících genů. U 7 kmenů (6x Klebsiella pneumoniae a 1x Enterobacter cloacae) byla detekována tvorba ESBL mDDST testem, AmpC byla zachycena vždy jednou u obou druhů enterobakterií modifikovaným AmpC testem. Genetická analýza potvrdila výskyt CTX-M a SHV typů u ESBL kmenů; multiplex PCR určila AmpC-pozitivní kmeny jako typy DHA a EBC. Závěr: Ve FN OL bylo v průběhu 17 měsíců identifikováno 9 (0,07 %) zástupců čeledi Enterobacteriaceae s MIC meropenemu 2 mg/l a vyšší. U žádného z nich nebyla prokázána produkce serinových karbapenemáz ani MBL. Jejich hraniční citlivost a rezistence ke karbapenemům byla podmíněna produkcí širokospektrých beta-laktamáz typu ESBL a AmpC spolu s jiným přidruženým mechanismem, především sníženou propustností buněčné stěny.

Objectives: Carbapenems are the drugs of choice for the treatment of serious infections caused by ESBL- and AmpC-positive Enterobacteriaceae. An increasing trend of resistance to these antibiotics has been observed recently. The aim of the study was to determine resistance to carbapenems in clinical isolates of the Enterobacteriaceae family and its mechanism. Methods: Between 1 April 2009 and 31 August 2010, Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from clinical samples obtained from patients hospitalized in the University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic (1,406 beds incl. 155 ICU beds). The strains were identified using the standard microbiological methods and their susceptibility to antibiotics was determined by the microdilution method. The identification of the isolates with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of meropenem of 2 mg/L or more was confirmed by the Phoenix automated system (Becton Dickinson). The MIC of meropenem was verified by the E-test and also Phoenix automated system. The isolates were tested for carbapenemase production using the modified Hodge test, a combined test with 3-aminophenylboronic acid (3-APB) and EDTA, the CD-test for serine carbapenemases and modified DDST (mDDST) for metallo-beta-lactamases (MBL). ESBL and AmpC production was determined by the mDDST and modified AmpC test, respectively. Genes encoding production of serine carbapenemases, MBL, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-48, ESBL and AmpC enzymes were detected with a set of primers that amplify specific segments of individual beta-lactamases. TEM- and SHV-positive PCR products were characterized by restriction analysis. Results: From a total of 12,605 Enterobacteriaceae, 9 strains were isolates with the MIC of meropenem of 2 mg/L or more. Seven isolates were classified as Klebsiella pneumoniae and two as Enterobacter cloacae. The MIC of meropenem for these strains ranged from 2 mg/L to 16 mg/L. The modified Hodge test, the combined test with 3-APB and EDTA, CD-test, mDDST for MBL and a series of PCR analyses did not detect production of class A carbapenemases, MBL, OXA-23 or OXA-48 enzymes in any of the tested strains. In 6 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains and 1 Enterobacter cloacae strain, the mDDST test and genetic analysis revealed ESBL production (CTX-M and SHV types), and in 2 strains, AmpC production was detected (DHA and EBC types). Conclusion: The prevalence of the Enterobacteriaceae with the MIC of meropenem ? 2 mg/L in the University Hospital Olomouc was 0.07 %. None of the strains produced either serine carbapenemases or MBL. Borderline resistance of the strains to carbapenems was determined by the ESBL and AmpC production with another associated mechanism of resistance.

• Klíčová slova
• karbapenemázy,
• MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• Enterobacter cloacae účinky léků   MeSH
• Enterobacteriaceae MeSH
• karbapenemy farmakologie   MeSH
• Klebsiella pneumoniae účinky léků   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH

We studied cadmium toxicity in murine hepatocytes in vitro. Cadmium effects on intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were assayed, using a laser scanning confocal microscope with a fluorescent probe, Fluo-3/AM. The results showed that administration of cadmium chloride (CdCl2, 5, 10, 25 µM) resulted in a dose-dependent decrease of hepatocyte viability and an elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in the culture medium (p<0.05 for 25 µM CdCl2 vs. control). Significant increases of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in 10 and 25 µM CdC12-exposed groups were observed (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). A greatly decreased albumin content and a more malondialdehyde (MDA) formation also occurred after CdC12 treatment. The Ca2+ concentrations in the culture medium of CdCl2-exposed hepatocytes were significantly decreased, while [Ca2+]i appeared to be significantly elevated (p<0.05 or p<0.01 vs. control). We found that in Ca2+-containing hydroxyethyl piperazine ethanesulfonic acid-buffered salt solution (HBSS) only, CdCl2 elicited [Ca2+]i increases, which comprised an initially slow ascent and a strong elevated phase. However, in Ca2+-containing HBSS with addition of 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borane (2-APB), CdCl2 caused a mild [Ca2+]i elevation in the absence of an initial rise phase. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ showed that CdCl2 induced an initially slow [Ca2+]i rise alone without being followed by a markedly elevated phase, but in a Ca2+-free HBSS with addition of 2-APB, CdCl2 failed to elicit the [Ca2+]i elevation. These results suggest that abnormal Ca2+ homeostasis due to cadmium may be an important mechanism of the development of the toxic effect in murine hepatocytes. [Ca2+]i elevation in acutely cadmium-exposed hepatocytes is closely related to the extracellular Ca2+ entry and an excessive release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores.

• MeSH
• chlorid kademnatý škodlivé účinky   toxicita   MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• hepatocyty cytologie   chemie   účinky léků   MeSH
• homeostáza fyziologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• kadmium chemie   škodlivé účinky   toxicita   MeSH
• konfokální mikroskopie metody   využití   MeSH
• myši inbrední ICR anatomie a histologie   krev   MeSH
• poruchy metabolismu vápníku etiologie   komplikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH

Background: The pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), including the role of brain and spinal inhibitory circuits, is still poorly elucidated. The aim of this study was to identify which central inhibitory mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of AIS.Design: A prospective neurophysiological study, using a battery of neurophysiological tests, such as cutaneous (CuSP) and cortical (CoSP) silent periods, motor evoked potentials (MEP) and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (ppTMS).Settings: Neurophysiological laboratory.Participants: Sixteen patients with AIS (14 females, median age 14.4) and healthy controls.Outcome measures: MEPs were obtained after transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and recorded from the abductor pollicis muscle (APB). ppTMS was obtained at interval ratios (ISI) of 1, 2, 3, 6, 10, 15 and 20 ms. The cortical silent period (CoSP) was recorded from the APB. The cutaneous silent period (CuSP) was measured after painful stimuli delivered to the thumb while the subjects maintained voluntary contraction of the intrinsic hand muscles. The data were analyzed and compared with those from healthy subjects.Results: The CoSP duration was significantly prolonged in AIS patients. A significantly higher amplitude of ppTMS for ISI was found in all AIS patients, without remarkable left-right side differences. No significant difference in MEP latency or amplitude nor in the CuSP duration was obtained.Conclusion: Our observation demonstrates evidence of central nervous system involvement in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Lower intracortical inhibition, higher motor cortex excitability, and preserved spinal inhibitory circuits are the main findings of this study. A possible explanation of these changes could be attributed to impaired sensorimotor integration predominantly at the cortical level.

• MeSH
• elektrická stimulace MeSH
• elektromyografie MeSH
• kosterní svaly fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• motorické evokované potenciály fyziologie   MeSH
• motorické korové centrum * fyziologie   MeSH
• poranění míchy * MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• skolióza * MeSH
• transkraniální magnetická stimulace MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The lipid molecule, lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), is hypothesised to form part of a novel lipid signalling system that involves the G protein-coupled receptor GPR55 and distinct intracellular signalling cascades in endothelial cells. This work aimed to study the possible mechanisms involved in LPI-evoked cytosolic Ca(2+) mobilization in human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Changes in intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations were measured using cell population Ca(2+) assay. LPI evoked biphasic elevation of intracellular calcium concentration, a rapid phase and a sustained phase. The rapid phase was attenuated by the inhibitor of PLC (U 73122), inhibitor of IP(3) receptors, 2-APB and the depletor of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) store, thapsigargin. The sustained phase, on the other hand, was enhanced by U 73122 and abolished by the RhoA kinase inhibitor, Y-27632. In conclusion, the Ca(2+) signal evoked by LPI is characterised by a rapid phase of Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum, and requires activation of the PLC-IP(3) signalling pathway. The sustained phase mainly depends on RhoA kinase activation. LPI acts as novel lipid signalling molecule in endothelial cells, and elevation of cytosolic Ca(2+) triggered by it may present an important intracellular message required in gene expression and controlling of vascular tone.

• MeSH
• cytosol účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• endoteliální buňky účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lysofosfolipidy farmakologie   MeSH
• mikrocévy účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• transformované buněčné linie MeSH
• vápníková signalizace účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

All secretory anterior pituitary cells fire action potentials spontaneously and exhibit a high resting cation conductance, but the channels involved in the background permeability have not been identified. In cultured lactotrophs and immortalized GH(3) cells, replacement of extracellular Na(+) with large organic cations, but not blockade of voltage-gated Na(+) influx, led to an instantaneous hyperpolarization of cell membranes that was associated with a cessation of spontaneous firing. When cells were clamped at -50 mV, which was close to the resting membrane potential in these cells, replacement of bath Na(+) with organic cations resulted in an outward-like current, reflecting an inhibition of the inward holding membrane current and indicating loss of a background-depolarizing conductance. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed the high expression of mRNA transcripts for TRPC1 and much lower expression of TRPC6 in both lactotrophs and GH(3) cells. Very low expression of TRPC3, TRPC4, and TRPC5 mRNA transcripts were also present in pituitary but not GH(3) cells. 2-APB and SKF-96365, relatively selective blockers of TRPC channels, inhibited electrical activity, Ca(2+) influx and prolactin release in a concentration-dependent manner. Gd(3+), a common Ca(2+) channel blocker, and flufenamic acid, an inhibitor of non-selective cation channels, also inhibited electrical activity, Ca(2+) influx and prolactin release. These results indicate that nonselective cation channels, presumably belonging to the TRPC family, contribute to the background depolarizing conductance and firing of action potentials with consequent contribution to Ca(2+) influx and hormone release in lactotrophs and GH(3) cells.

• MeSH
• akční potenciály MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• iontové kanály genetika   metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• kationtové kanály TRPC genetika   metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• laktotropní buňky metabolismus   sekrece   účinky léků   MeSH
• messenger RNA metabolismus   MeSH
• metoda terčíkového zámku MeSH
• modulátory membránového transportu farmakologie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• prolaktin sekrece   MeSH
• sodík metabolismus   MeSH
• vápník metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural MeSH

OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Excitability changes in the primary motor cortex in 17 spinal-cord injured (SCI) patients and 10 controls were studied with paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation. The paired pulses were applied at inter-stimulus intervals (ISI) of 2 ms and 15 ms while motor evoked potentials (MEP) were recorded in the biceps brachii (Bic), the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and the tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. RESULTS: The study revealed a significant decrease in cortical motor excitability in the first weeks after SCI concerning the representation of both the affected muscles innervated from spinal segments below the lesion, and the spared muscles rostral to the lesion. In the patients with motor-incomplete injury, but not in those with motor-complete injury, the initial cortical inhibition of affected muscles was temporarily reduced 2-3 months following injury. The degree of inhibition in cortical areas representing the spared muscles was observed to be smaller in patients with no voluntary TA activity compared to patients with some activity remaining in the TA. Surprisingly, motor-cortical inhibition was observed not only at ISI 2 ms but also at ISI 15 ms. The inhibition persisted in patients who returned for a follow-up measurement 2-3 years later. CONCLUSION: The present data showed different evaluation of cortical excitability between patients with complete and incomplete spinal cord lesion. Our results provide more insight into the pathophysiology of SCI and contribute to the ongoing discussion about the recovery process and therapy of SCI patients.

• MeSH
• analýza rozptylu MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• eferentní nervové dráhy fyziologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• kosterní svaly inervace   fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• motorické evokované potenciály fyziologie   MeSH
• motorické korové centrum fyziologie   MeSH
• nervový útlum fyziologie   MeSH
• neurony eferentní fyziologie   MeSH
• poranění míchy patofyziologie   MeSH
• referenční hodnoty MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• transkraniální magnetická stimulace MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH