3D motion capture
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The role of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in imaging of the oral and maxillofacial region is well known and its indications and possibilities are still increasing. More sophisticated technologies are being developed each year, mainly providing higher resolution, bigger field of view, faster scanning and better scatter reduction. One of the major problems remaining to be solved is the unwanted movement of the patient during the scanning procedure. All hardware solutions that have been developed to fix the patient's head in a steady position have their limits. For example, they cannot eliminate small movements caused by breathing, heartbeat, and swallowing. We have developed a simple method to improve these CBCT images. The movement of the scanned object is monitored with marks attached to it. These marks are identified on every 2D image captured during the scanning procedure and used to unify the position of these 2D images. The final 3D reconstruction produces a sharper 3D data set with higher resolution and reduced blur. In conclusion, this simple method has the potential to improve the quality of CBCT scans.
Accurate assessment of 3D tibio-femoral kinematics is essential for understanding knee joint functionality, but also provides a basis for assessing joint pathologies and the efficacy of musculoskeletal interventions. Until now, however, the assessment of functional kinematics in healthy knees has been mostly restricted to the loaded stance phase of gait, and level walking only, but the most critical conditions for the surrounding soft tissues are known to occur during high-flexion activities. This study aimed to determine the ranges of tibio-femoral rotation and condylar translation as well as provide evidence on the location of the centre of rotation during multiple complete cycles of different gait activities. Based on radiographic images captured using moving fluoroscopy in ten healthy subjects during multiple cycles of level walking, downhill walking and stair descent, 3D femoral and tibial poses were reconstructed to provide a comprehensive description of tibio-femoral kinematics. Despite a significant increase in joint flexion, the condylar antero-posterior range of motion remained comparable across all activities, with mean translations of 6.3-8.3 mm and 7.3-9.3 mm for the medial and lateral condyles respectively. Only the swing phase of level walking and stair descent exhibited a significantly greater range of motion for the lateral over the medial compartment. Although intra-subject variability was low, considerable differences in joint kinematics were observed between subjects. The observed subject-specific movement patterns indicate that accurate assessment of individual pre-operative kinematics together with individual implant selection and/or surgical implantation decisions might be necessary before further improvement to joint replacement outcome can be achieved.
- MeSH
- biomechanika MeSH
- chůze (způsob) MeSH
- femur * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- kolenní kloub * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rozsah kloubních pohybů MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
In taekwondo, there is a lack of consensus about how the kick sequence occurs. The aim of this study was to analyse the peak velocity (resultant and value in each plane) of lower limb segments (thigh, shank and foot), and the time to reach this peak velocity in the kicking lower limb during the execution of the roundhouse kick technique. Ten experienced taekwondo athletes (five males and five females; mean age of 25.3 ±5.1 years; mean experience of 12.9 ±5.3 years) participated voluntarily in this study performing consecutive kicking trials to a target located at their sternum height. Measurements for the kinematic analysis were performed using two 3D force plates and an eight camera motion capture system. The results showed that the proximal segment reached a lower peak velocity (resultant and in each plane) than distal segments (except the peak velocity in the frontal plane where the thigh and shank presented similar values), with the distal segment taking the longest to reach this peak velocity (p < 0.01). Also, at the instant every segment reached the peak velocity, the velocity of the distal segment was higher than the proximal one (p < 0.01). It provides evidence about the sequential movement of the kicking lower limb segments. In conclusion, during the roundhouse kick in taekwondo inter-segment motion seems to be based on a proximo-distal pattern.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Spatial light modulators have become an essential tool for advanced microscopy, enabling breakthroughs in 3D, phase, and super-resolution imaging. However, continuous spatial-light modulation that is capable of capturing sub-millisecond microscopic motion without diffraction artifacts and polarization dependence is challenging. Here we present a photothermal spatial light modulator (PT-SLM) enabling fast phase imaging for nanoscopic 3D reconstruction. The PT-SLM can generate a step-like wavefront change, free of diffraction artifacts, with a high transmittance and a modulation efficiency independent of light polarization. We achieve a phase-shift > π and a response time as short as 70 µs with a theoretical limit in the sub microsecond range. We used the PT-SLM to perform quantitative phase imaging of sub-diffractional species to decipher the 3D nanoscopic displacement of microtubules and study the trajectory of a diffusive microtubule-associated protein, providing insights into the mechanism of protein navigation through a complex microtubule network.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- interferenční mikroskopie metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- kovové nanočástice ultrastruktura MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikroskopie atomárních sil MeSH
- mikroskopie fázově kontrastní metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- mikrotubuly metabolismus ultrastruktura MeSH
- nanotechnologie MeSH
- nanotrubičky ultrastruktura MeSH
- optické jevy MeSH
- počítačová simulace MeSH
- proteiny asociované s mikrotubuly metabolismus MeSH
- proteiny buněčného cyklu metabolismus MeSH
- Schizosaccharomyces pombe - proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- světlo MeSH
- tubulin metabolismus MeSH
- zlato MeSH
- zobrazování trojrozměrné metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
High golf performance depends on ability to repeat golf swing execution with all golf clubs and reach repetitive contact between the golf club and the ball. The aim of the study was to determine the variability of golf swing execution in lower and upper body parameters for two golf clubs. Eleven elite female golfers of junior age volunteered in the study and performed 10 trials with mid-iron and with driver at laboratory conditions. 3D motion capture system was used to measure the lower and upper body movement parameters and club head speed. To assess variability the coefficient of variation and biological coefficient of variation were used. Two-tailed t test was used to identify difference between mid-iron and driver variability for all kinematic variables. Club effect was found at top of the backswing in shoulders tilt (p = 0.02) and at impact in shoulders rotation (p = 0.01), shoulders tilt (p = 0.02) and club head speed (p = 0.001). We did not found any significant difference in variability of body movement kinematic parameters and temporal parameters between mid-iron and driver. We found high stability of performance in temporal parameters and for lower limbs kinematic parameters at three selected moments of the golf swing for both clubs. We suggest that stability of temporal parameters is the key to achieve the effective and repeatable golf swing in all golf clubs.
High golf performance depends on ability to repeat golf swing execution with all golf clubs and reach repetitive contact between the golf club and the ball. The aim of the study was to determine the variability of golf swing execution in lower and upper body parameters for two golf clubs. Eleven elite female golfers of junior age volunteered in the study and performed 10 trials with mid-iron and with driver at laboratory conditions. 3D motion capture system was used to measure the lower and upper body movement parameters and club head speed. To assess variability the coefficient of variation and biological coefficient of variation were used. Two-tailed t test was used to identify difference between mid-iron and driver variability for all kinematic variables. Club effect was found at top of the backswing in shoulders tilt (p = 0.02) and at impact in shoulders rotation (p = 0.01), shoulders tilt (p = 0.02) and club head speed (p = 0.001). We did not found any significant difference in variability of body movement kinematic parameters and temporal parameters between mid-iron and driver. We found high stability of performance in temporal parameters and for lower limbs kinematic parameters at three selected moments of the golf swing for both clubs. We suggest that stability of temporal parameters is the key to achieve the effective and repeatable golf swing in all golf clubs.
- MeSH
- biomechanika * MeSH
- golf MeSH
- kineziologie aplikovaná metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pánev MeSH
- rameno MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Timed performance tests were introduced to overcome the disadvantages of subjective evaluation of bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed to verify their discriminative properties and compare them with the motion capture analysis of finger tapping. METHODS: We included 22 PD patients (10 M, 12 F), mean age 64 (range 48-82) yrs, Hoehn & Yahr stage 2 (1-2.5) and 22 (10 M, 12 F) normal controls, mean age 66 (41-82) yrs. The key tapping subtest of the Halstead-Reitan battery, the Purdue Pegboard test, and the Bradykinesia-Akinesia Incoordination (BRAIN) test were performed according to the test manuals. The finger tapping subtest of the UPDRS-III, item 23 was recorded using a contactless 3D motion capture system Optitrack-V120. Average frequency (AvgFrq), maximum opening velocity (MaxOpV) and amplitude decrement (AmpDec) were computed and simultaneous video recordings of finger tapping were rated by two experts. RESULTS: The AmpDec and MaxOpV motion capture measures best differentiated between PD patients and controls (AUC = 0.87 and 0.81). Of the instrumental tests, only the Purdue Pegboard attained significance in differentiating PD patients from controls (AUC = 0.80). In PD patients, MaxOpV correlated with the finger tapping ratings and BRAIN test, and AvgFrq correlated with the BRAIN and Halstead-Reitan test scores. Moreover, correlations were found between the Purdue Pegboard and finger tapping ratings. CONCLUSIONS: Contactless 3D motion capture of finger tapping allowed an independent analysis of individual components of bradykinesia, demonstrating the amplitude decrement and maximum opening velocity as the most powerful discriminators between PD patients and controls.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hypokineze etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Parkinsonova nemoc komplikace patofyziologie MeSH
- prsty ruky MeSH
- psychomotorický výkon fyziologie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour (iRBD) is considered as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD) development. Evaluation of repetitive movements with finger tapping, which serves as a principal task to measure the extent of bradykinesia in PD, may undercover potential PD patients. The aim of this study was to explore whether finger tapping abnormalities, evaluated with a 3D motion capture system, are already present in RBD patients. METHODS: Finger tapping data was acquired using a contactless 3D motion capture system from 40 RBD subjects and compared to 25 de-novo PD patients and 25 healthy controls. Objective assessment of amplitude decrement, maximum opening velocity and their combination representing finger tapping decrement was performed in the sequence of the first ten tapping movements. The association between instrumental finger tapping data and semi-quantitative clinical evaluation was analyzed. RESULTS: While significant differences between PD and controls were found for all investigated finger tapping measures (p < 0.002), RBD differed from controls in finger tapping amplitude (p = 0.004) and velocity (p = 0.007) decrement but not in maximal opening velocity. A significant relationship between the motor score from the Movement Disorders Society - Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and finger tapping decrement was shown for both patient groups, ie RBD (r = 0.36, p = 0.02) and PD (r = 0.60, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: In our group of RBD patients we demonstrated amplitude decrement of repetitive movements, which may correspond with prodromal bradykinesia. Our findings suggest instrumental analysis of finger tapping abnormalities as a potential novel clinical marker reflecting subclinical motor disturbances in RBD.
This article focuses on the design and implementation of a device aimed at monitoring gait dynamics. In clinical settings, gait dynamics are conventionally observed within specialized motion laboratories that rely on camera systems or pressure-sensitive floor mats. Unfortunately, these methods provide clinicians with only a temporally restricted perspective on a patient's health within the hospital environment. The objective of this study is to propose and develop a functional prototype of a measurement device that utilizes force-sensing resistors integrated into a sensorics insole placed within a shoe. By fusion of the 3D printing technology and force-sensing sensors, we developed a wearable prototype consisting of an instrumented insole and wireless data acquisition unit. This approach enables the capture of both static and dynamic parameters of gait, not only in clinical environments but also in non-hospital settings.
Coordinative patterns require experience and learning to be acquired, producing movements that offer efficient solutions to various situations and involving certain degree of variability. This coordination variability implies functionality in movement, but it can be impacted by the type of sport practice from early years. The purpose of this work is to analyze the coordination variability and coordination patterns in a specific action such as single-leg landing in children practicing gymnastics, volleyball and non-sporting children. Thirty children (15 girls) performed 10 successful trials of single-leg landing from a height of 25 cm. A motion capture system (9 cameras) was used to capture 3D thigh and shank kinematics. To identify the significant effect of children's groups on coordination and coordination variability during single-leg landing, one-dimensional Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) was used. Regarding the coordination patterns, in the frontal plane, during the attenuation phase of single-leg landing, the control group exhibited a higher frequency of Anti-Phase with proximal dominancy compared to the sport groups (i.e., gymnastics, and volleyball). In addition, in the sagittal plane during the second peak phase, volleyball players exhibited a higher coordination variability than the gymnastics. The children in the control group showed a greater frequency of antiphasic movements, which indicates the influence of training at an early age, being a determining factor in the increase or not of variability.
- MeSH
- bérec fyziologie MeSH
- biomechanika MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- gymnastika * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- motorické dovednosti fyziologie MeSH
- pohyb MeSH
- psychomotorický výkon fyziologie MeSH
- volejbal * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
During pregnancy, an array of changes occurs in women body to enable the growth and development of the future baby and the consequent delivery. These changes are reflected in the range of motion of trunk, pelvis, lower limbs and other body segments, affect the locomotion and some of these changes may persist to the postpartum period. The aim of this study was to describe the changes affecting the gait during pregnancy and to determine the effect of tested footwear on kinematic gait characteristics during pregnancy as previous studies indicate that special orthopaedic insoles and footwear might be useful in prevention of the common musculoskeletal pain and discomfort related to pregnancy. Participants from the control group (n = 18), without any intervention, and the experimental group (n = 23), which was wearing the tested shoes, were measured at their 14, 28 and 37 gestational weeks and 28 weeks postpartum to capture the complete pregnancy-related changes in gait. The gait 3D kinematic data were obtained using Simi Motion System. The differences between the control and experimental group at the first data collection session in most of the analysed variables, as well as relatively high standard deviations of analysed variables indicate large individual differences in the gait pattern. The effect of tested footwear on kinematic gait pattern changes may be explained by its preventive effect against the foot arches falling. In the control group, changes associated previously with the foot arches falling and hindfoot hyperpronation were observed during advanced phases of pregnancy and postpartum, e.g. increase in knee flexion or increase in spinal curvature. For the comprehensive evaluation of the tested footwear on pregnancy gait pattern, future studies combining the kinematic and dynamic plantographic methods are needed.
- MeSH
- biomechanika MeSH
- chůze (způsob) fyziologie MeSH
- design vybavení metody MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- gestační stáří MeSH
- komplikace těhotenství prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- muskuloskeletální bolest prevence a kontrola MeSH
- ortézy nohy (od hlezna dolů) MeSH
- poporodní období fyziologie MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
