Human face is a dynamic system where facial expressions can rapidly modify geometry of facial features. Facial expressions are believed to be universal across world populations, but only a few studies have explored whether grimacing is sexually dimorphic and if so to what extent. The present paper explores inter- and intra-individual variation of human facial expressions with respect to individual's sex based on a set of neutral and expression-varying 3D facial scans. The study sample composed of 20 individuals (10 males and 10 females) for whom 120 scans featuring grimaces associated with disgust, surprise, "u" sound, smile and wide smile were collected by an optical scanner Vectra XT. In order to quantify the dissimilarity among 3D images, surface comparison approach based on aligned 3D meshes and closest point-to-point distances was carried out in Fidentis Analyst application. The study revealed that sexual dimorphism was indeed one of the factors which determined the extent and characteristics of facial deformations recorded for the studied expressions. In order to produce a grimace, males showed a tendency towards extending their facial movements while females were generally more restrained. Furthermore, the facial movements linked to the wide smile and "u" sound were revealed as the most extensive relative to the other expressions, while the smile and surprise were shown indistinguishable from the neutral face.
- MeSH
- Analysis of Variance MeSH
- Models, Anatomic MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Face anatomy & histology MeSH
- Sex Characteristics * MeSH
- Smiling MeSH
- Facial Expression * MeSH
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
The objective of this work was to create special swimming aids that would rectify the body position of individuals with spinal lesion in water on the basis of hydrodynamic lift. Prototypes of such aids were designed after the analysis of spontaneous positioning of individuals with different degree of spinal lesion in water and after defining the characteristics that were common to all of them. The aids were tested from the standpoint of influence on kinematics of swimming movement. We compared the size of angle in hip joint and knee joint and the changes during the three swimming cycles in chosen swimming style with the help of 3D analysis of video recording of the movements of swimmer without the aids and with the aids by using the SIMI°Motion program. These are supplemented with the series of pictures showing the swimmer’s movements during one cycle recorded by two cameras. To test the effectiveness of the swimming aids on lowering the resistance of water surrounding, we used speed tests in water canal where we gradually increased the speed of flowing through water. A pilot study with 7 individuals with spinal lesion was carried out. The choice of tested individuals was intentionally outlined in such a way so that it could include different possible manifestations of syndromes of spinal damage and consequently different number of functional muscles. In all tested individuals we expected improvement of hydrodynamic position of the body in water and consequently lowering of resistance of water surrounding. This should become evident at kinematics analysis as increasing of measured angles and lowering the angle between the body and water surface and higher speed of swimming at speed tests. We expected direct relationship between the size of changes and the extension of spinal lesion of tested individuals. Our hypothesis was confirmed only partly. There was improvement of hydrodynamic position of body in water from the standpoint of kinematics in all tested individuals when the aids were used. But this resulted in higher acquired speed of swimming in only 5 tested individuals. There was no change of speed in 2 of the tested individuals. The expected trend of direct relationship between the size of change and the extension of spinal lesion was not confirmed.
- MeSH
- Video Recording methods utilization MeSH
- Biomechanical Phenomena MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Spinal Cord Diseases physiopathology rehabilitation MeSH
- Spinal Diseases physiopathology rehabilitation MeSH
- Pilot Projects MeSH
- Swimming physiology MeSH
- Persons with Disabilities classification MeSH
- Posture physiology MeSH
- Sports Equipment MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional methods instrumentation utilization MeSH
- Moving and Lifting Patients methods utilization MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Cíl studie: Stanovit klinický význam MR-based brachyterapie využívající fúzi CT a MR obrazů. Typ studie: Klinická studie. Název a sídlo pracoviště: KOC, Pardubická krajská nemocnice, a.s., a Multiscan, s.r.o., Pardubice. Metodika: Pomocí MR-based brachyterapie bylo léčeno 36 pacientek s lokálně pokročilým karcinomem (15 technikou MR-based preplanning, 21 s MR aproximací). Všechny pacientky byly sledovány v průběhu léčby i po jejím ukončení. Při každé vizitě byla hodnocena kontrola nemoci i toxicita léčby. Pozdní gastrointestinální i genitourinární symptomy byly klasifikovány pomocí Fox Chase (FC) modification of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) and Late Effects Normal Tissue Task Force (LENT) toxicity criteria. Výsledky: V průběhu procedury na MR nebyla pozorována žádná komplikace. Kumulativní incidence genitourinární a gastrointestinální toxicity druhého a vyššího stupně při mediánu sledování 30,3 měsíce byla 4,8 % a 9,5 % pro MR aproximaci a 0 %, resp. 13,3 % pro MR-based preplanning. Lokální kontroly bylo dosaženo při MR-based preplanningu u 86,7 % pacientek, při MR aproximaci u 76,2 %. Závěr: 3D MR-based brachyterapie s CT a MR fúzí obrazů přináší excelentní výsledky lokální kontroly při minimální toxicitě. Klíčová slova: MR-based brachyterapie, karcinom děložního hrdla, klinické výsledky.
Objective: To demonstrate the clinical benefit of MRI-based brachytherapy using CT and MRI data fusion. Design: Clinical trial. Setting: Oncology Centre, Multiscan and Pardubice Regional Hospital, Pardubice. Methods: Thirty six patients with locally advanced cervical cancer were treated with MRI-based brachytherapy (MRI-based preplanning 15 patients, MRI approximation 21 patients). All patients were continuously followed during and after treatment. Tumor control and toxicity were evaluated at each visit. Late gastrointestinal and genitourinary symptoms were recorded, using Fox Chase (FC) modification of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) and Late Effects Normal Tissue Task Force (LENT) toxicity criteria. Results: We observed no complications during the entire MRI procedure at the radiology department. The cumulative incidence of grade ≥ 2 late genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity at median follow up of 30.3 months was 4.8% and 9.5% for MRI approximation, respectively 0% and 13.3% for MRI-based preplanning. Local control was 86.7% for MRI-based preplanning and 76.2% for MRI approximation. Conclusion: 3D MRI-based brachytherapy with consecutive CT/MRI data fusion yields excellent local control with minor toxicity. Key words: MRI-based brachytherapy, cervical cancer, clinical results.
- Keywords
- MRI-based brachytherapie,
- MeSH
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant MeSH
- Survival Analysis MeSH
- Brachytherapy * methods instrumentation adverse effects MeSH
- Carcinoma * radiotherapy MeSH
- Combined Modality Therapy methods MeSH
- Radiotherapy, Conformal MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging * MeSH
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms * radiotherapy MeSH
- Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted methods standards MeSH
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed * MeSH
- Disease-Free Survival MeSH
- Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Female * MeSH
- Publication type
- Clinical Trial MeSH
Úvod studie popisuje základní determinanty tenisového výkonu a charakterizujeme blíže techniku tenisové podání. Náplní výzkumu bylo provést kinematickou a kineziologickou analýzu tenisového podání. Měření jsme prováděli pomocí 3D kinematické analýzy s využitím systému Simi Motion a kineziologickou analýzu pomocí přístroje DATA LOGGER MIE, který měří povrchové napětí svalu. Cílem práce bylo propojit oba systémy a připravit ucelenou analýzu tenisového podání. Doporučení pro trenérskou praxi, která z analýzy vyplývají, by mohla vést k odstranění chyb v technice a ke zdokonalení servisu jako podstatné části tenisového výkonu.
In the introduction, we described determinants of performance and we completely characterize the tennis serve. In our research, we carry out a kinematic and kinesiology analysis of tennis serve. Measurements were performed using 3D kinematic analysis system SIMI Motion and kinesiological analysis using DATA LOGGER MIE device, which measures the surface tension of the muscle. The result of the work can provide appropriate advice on treatment quality and the techniques of tennis serve which is clearly the most important tennis stroke.
- Keywords
- tenisové podání, kinematická analýza, kineziologická analýza,
- MeSH
- Biomechanical Phenomena * MeSH
- Electrodes MeSH
- Electromyography * MeSH
- Upper Extremity MeSH
- Kinesiology, Applied * MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Muscle Tonus * MeSH
- Tennis * MeSH
- Equipment and Supplies MeSH
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
The 3D imaging technologies have become of paramount importance for example in disciplines such as forensic anthropology and bioarchaeology, where they are being used more and more frequently. There are several new possibilities that they offer; for instance, the easier and faster sharing of data among institutions, the possibility of permanent documentation, or new opportunities of data analysis. An important requirement, however, is whether the data obtained from different scanning devices are comparable and whether the possible varying outputs could affect further analyses, such as the estimation of the biological profile. Therefore, we aimed to investigate two important questions: (1) whether 3D models acquired by two different scanning technologies (structured light and laser) are comparable and (2) whether the scanning equipment has an effect on the anthropological analyses, such as age-at-death estimation and sex assessment. 3D models of ossa coxa (n = 29) were acquired by laser (NextEngine) and structured light (HP 3D Structured Light Scanner PRO 2) scanners. The resulting 3D models from both scanners were subjected to age-at-death analyses (via the quantitative method of Stoyanova et al., 2017) and sex analyses (via Diagnose Sexuelle Probabiliste 2 of Brůžek et al., 2017). Furthermore, high quality scans of a small sample (n = 5) of pubic symphyseal surfaces with the RedLux Profiler device were acquired as reference surfaces to which the outputs from both scanners were compared. Small deviations between surfaces were more evident in more rugged surfaces (in areas of depression and protrusion). Even though small differences from the reference surfaces were found, they did not have a significant effect on the age and sex estimates. It never resulted in the opposite sex assignment, and no significant differences were observed between age estimates (with the exception of those with the TPS/BE model).
- MeSH
- Lasers * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Observer Variation MeSH
- Pelvic Bones diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Computer Simulation * MeSH
- Regression Analysis MeSH
- Forensic Anthropology MeSH
- Age Determination by Skeleton * MeSH
- Sex Determination by Skeleton * MeSH
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
OBJECTIVES: To determine the relationship between nasolabial symmetry and esthetics in subjects with orofacial clefts. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty-four subjects (mean age 10 years, standard deviation 1.5) with various types of nonsyndromic clefts were included: 11 had unilateral cleft lip (UCL); 30 had unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA); and 43 had unilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate (UCLAP). A 3D stereophotogrammetric image of the face was taken for each subject. Symmetry and esthetics were evaluated on cropped 3D facial images. The degree of asymmetry of the nasolabial area was calculated based on all 3D data points using a surface registration algorithm. Esthetic ratings of various elements of nasal morphology were performed by eight lay raters on a 100 mm visual analog scale. Statistical analysis included ANOVA tests and regression models. RESULTS: Nasolabial asymmetry increased with growing severity of the cleft (p = 0.029). Overall, nasolabial appearance was affected by nasolabial asymmetry; subjects with more nasolabial asymmetry were judged as having a less esthetically pleasing nasolabial area (p < 0.001). However, the relationship between nasolabial symmetry and esthetics was relatively weak in subjects with UCLAP, in whom only vermilion border esthetics was associated with asymmetry. CONCLUSIONS: Nasolabial symmetry assessed with 3D facial imaging can be used as an objective measure of treatment outcome in subjects with less severe cleft deformity. In subjects with more severe cleft types, other factors may play a decisive role. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Assessment of nasolabial symmetry is a useful measure of treatment success in less severe cleft types.
Cílem příspěvku je porovnat vybrané posilovací cviky se softballovým nadhozem pomocí dvou metod – povrchové elektromyografie (MEGAWIN 6000) a kinematické analýzy 3D (Qualisys). Jedná se o případovou studii deskriptivního charakteru, kdy probandem byla vrcholová hráčka extraligy a reprezentace ČR. Při měření byla zkoumána podobnost/rozdíly ve čtyřech posilovacích cvičeních (specifický skok, výpad, dlouhý výpad a výstupy) ve vztahu k softballovému nadhozu. Základní metodou byla triangulace uvedených metod. Kinematickým parametrem jsme zvolili rychlost pohybu v prostoru a to ve třech proměnných – špičce nohy, kotníku a koleni. Pro porovnání velikosti elektromyografické aktivity sledovaných svalů jsme použili srovnání s cílovým pohybem (nadhoz), kde výsledky byly označeny 100 %. Pouze pro porovnání intenzity zapojení svalů při nadhozu jsme použili procentuální vyjádření intenzity pomocí MVC. Vybrané posilovací cviky (výpad, dlouhý výpad a výstupy) splňují předpoklady pro preventivní posilování z pohledu snížení rizika zranění. Současně mohou i pozitivně ovlivňovat výkon při nadhozu a řadíme je do obecných posilovacích cvičení. Cvik „specifický skok” lze doporučit jako specifické posilovací cvičení vysoké intenzity, jehož použití se řídí pravidly pro trénink výbušné síly.
The aim of this paper is to compare selected strengthening exercises with softball pitches using two methods - surface electromyography (MEGAWIN 6000) and 3D kinematic analysis (Qualisys). This is a case study of a descriptive type, the proband was the player at the top level from the Czech major league and the Czech national team. The measurements were aimed at examining the similarities and differences in strengthening exercises (specific leap, lunge, long lunge and outputs) in relation to softball pitches. The basic method was triangulation of these methods. As kinematic parameter we chose the speed of movement in space: free variables - the tip of the foot, ankle and knee. For comparison of the size of the EMG activity of observed muscles we were used a comparison with the target motion (pitch), where the results were indicated by 100 %. We used the percentage intensity using MVC only for comparing of the intensity of muscle involvement during pitch. Selected strengthening exercises (lunge, long lunge and outputs) meet the requirements for preventive strengthening in terms of reducing the risk of injury. At the same time it can also positively influence the performance of pitch and so we classify them into general strength exercises. ”Exercise specific jump” can be recommended as a specific strengthening exercises of high intensity, the use of which is governed by rules for training explosive strength.
Despite the significance of neck muscles in musculoskeletal disorders, their microscopic anatomy remains poorly characterized. This study examined the splenius capitis muscle, focusing on its fiber-type composition, fiber size, and capillary network characteristics. For comparison and validation, the vastus lateralis muscle was also analyzed. Muscle samples from 13 young male subjects (mean age ± SD: 35.7 ± 8.6 years) were collected within 24-h post-mortem during autopsy. Myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform expression was characterized immunohistochemically in 10 μm sections, while the capillary network architecture was assessed in 100 μm sections. Immunofluorescence staining, confocal microscopy, and 3D image analysis were employed to quantify capillary tortuosity, anisotropy, branch density (Br dens), and the length of capillaries per muscle volume (LV), per muscle fiber length (LL), per fiber surface area (LS), and per fiber volume (LVf). Compared to the vastus lateralis muscle, the splenius capitis muscle had a higher percentage of type 1 fibers (51.2% vs 39.7%), fewer type 2a fibers (16.2% vs 31.4%), and smaller fiber diameters (35.5-40.9 μm vs 47-56.1 μm). It also displayed lower Br dens (P = 0.0069), higher anisotropy (P = 0.0004), and lower LL (P < 0.0001) but higher LVf (P = 0.0486). In the splenius capitis muscle, body mass index (BMI) negatively correlated with LV (P = 0.0155), LS (P = 0.0091), LVf (P = 0.0137), and anisotropy (P = 0.0425), and positively correlated with tortuosity (P = 0.0473), indicating a reduction in the capillary network. In the vastus lateralis muscle, only LV (P = 0.0161) decreased with high BMI. This study characterized the fiber-type composition, fiber size, and 3D capillary network of the splenius capitis muscle, establishing a baseline for investigations into pathological muscle alterations.
Dealing with the increasing number of long-term missing children and juveniles requires more precise and objective age progression techniques for the prediction of their current appearance. Our contribution includes detailed and real facial growth information used for modelling age progression during adolescence. This study was based on an evaluation of the overall 180 three-dimensional (3D) facial scans of Czech children (23 boys, 22 girls), which were longitudinally studied from 12 to 15 years of age and thus revealed the real growth-related changes. The boys underwent more marked changes compared with the girls, especially in the regions of the eyebrow ridges, nose and chin. Using modern geometric morphometric methods, together with their applications, we modelled the ageing and allometric trajectories for both sexes and simulated the age-progressed effects on facial scans. The facial parts that are important for facial recognition (eyes, nose, mouth and chin) all deviated less than 0.75mm, whereas the areas with the largest deviations were situated on the marginal parts of the face. The mean error between the predicted and real facial morphology obtained by modelling the children from 12 to 15 years of age was 1.92mm in girls and 1.86mm in boys. This study is beneficial for forensic artists as it reduces the subjectivity of age progression methods.
- MeSH
- Principal Component Analysis MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Longitudinal Studies MeSH
- Maxillofacial Development * MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Multivariate Analysis MeSH
- Computer Simulation * MeSH
- Sex Characteristics MeSH
- Forensic Anthropology MeSH
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
BACKGROUND: The aim of this article is to present a new methodology for assessment of skin topology using a three-dimensional image (3D). METHODS: The measurement of the skin surface roughness is based on 3D scanning of silicone replicas by chromatic aberration length technique in a contactless manner, i.e. by a polychromatic light beam. Analysis of the skin surface reprints was performed using Talymap, Gold version. Results were analysed by fractal geometry, which allows to evaluate changes of the skin surface before and after application of cosmetics and instrumental cosmetological techniques. The methodology was applied for objective assessment of the effects of diamond microdermabrasion on the skin surface roughness. Measurements were performed on 23 volunteers in the age group of 31-67 years. RESULTS: Based on the results of skin surface scanning after the treatment with diamond microdermabrasion it may be concluded that inequalities of the skin surface are reduced immediately after exfoliation. However, this effect mostly diminishes within 14 days after treatment. The entire study ultimately suggests that the instrumental method used only leads to improvement of the skin surface immediately after its application. Thermo vision images of the skin surface temperature were obtained during the application of the abrasive method. The experimental results showed that the skin is rather cooled than heated by the treatment. CONCLUSION: This study is focused on the development of a methodology for objective measurement of changes in treated skin relief using 3D scanning. The results are evaluated using fractal dimension. The output may also include also an enlarged model of the skin surface made by 3D printer, which can serve for illustrative communication with the client.
- MeSH
- Dermabrasion methods MeSH
- Dermatologic Surgical Procedures MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Cosmetics pharmacology MeSH
- Skin diagnostic imaging drug effects pathology radiation effects MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Surface Properties drug effects radiation effects MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Skin Aging pathology MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
