Allen, B W* Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Existují důkazy, že přísná kontrola glykémie u hospitalizovaných pacientů není prospěšná. Příznaky hyperglykémie a hypoglykémie minimalizuje udržování glykémie pod 10 mmol/l, aniž je negativně ovlivněn vývoj pacientova zdravotního stavu. Při nepřítomnosti modifikujících faktorů by lékař měl pokračovat v původní léčbě diabetu a náhodně jednou denně kontrolovat glykémii. U pacientů s omezeným příjmem kalorií by měly být vysazeny deriváty sulfonylmočoviny, aby se zabránilo hypoglykémii. Vysazení léčby thiazolidindiony může být prospěšné pro pacienty s rizikem kardiovaskulárních komplikací, protože může zabránit rozvinutí srdečního selhání. Podávání metforminu by mělo být dočasně přerušeno u pacientů se zhoršenou funkcí ledvin nebo u plánovaných vyšetření s použitím kontrastní látky. Je-li třeba pacienta krátkodobě léčit inzulinem, kombinace dlouhodobě působícího bazálního inzulinu a krátkodobě působícího inzulinu před jídly (s cílem udržení glykémie pod 9,99 mmol/l) se více blíží normální fyziologii a nevyžaduje tolik ošetřovatelské péče jako při proměnlivém dávkování inzulinu. Většina studií prokázala, že infuze glukózy, inzulinu a draslíku nesnižují mortalitu pacientů s akutním infarktem myokardu. Glykémie pacientů přijatých s akutním infarktem myokardu by měla být udržována v rozumných mezích za využití domácích režimů nebo bazálního inzulinu v upravených dávkách.
Evidence indicates that hospitalized patients with hyperglycemia do not benefit from tight blood glucose control. Maintaining a blood glucose level of less than 180 mg per dL (9.99 mmol per L) will minimize symptoms of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia without adversely affecting patient-oriented health outcomes. In the absence of modifying factors, physicians should continue patients' at-home diabetes mellitus medications and randomly check glucose levels once daily. Sulfonylureas should be withheld to avoid hypoglycemia in patients with limited caloric intake. Patients with cardiovascular conditions may benefit from temporarily stopping treatment with thia zolidinediones to avoid precipitating heart failure. Metformin should be temporarily withheld in patients who have worsening renal function or who will undergo an imaging study that uses contrast. When patients need to be treated with insulin in the short term, using a long-acting basal insulin combined with a short-acting insulin before meals (with the goal of keeping blood glucose less than 180 mg per dL) better approximates normal physiology and uses fewer nursing resources than sliding-scale insulin approaches. Most studies have found that infusion with glucose, insulin, and potassium does not improve mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction should have moderate control of blood glucose using home regimens or basal insulin with correctional doses.
- MeSH
- hospitalizace MeSH
- hyperglykemie farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- hypoglykemika aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- infarkt myokardu komplikace MeSH
- inzulin aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- klinické protokoly MeSH
- komplikace diabetu prevence a kontrola MeSH
- krevní glukóza účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování fyziologických funkcí MeSH
- pacienti hospitalizovaní MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- rozvrh dávkování léků MeSH
- výsledky a postupy - zhodnocení (zdravotní péče) MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
501 s. : tab. ; 26 cm
- MeSH
- duševně nemocní statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- duševní poruchy diagnóza klasifikace MeSH
- Publikační typ
- učebnice MeSH
- Konspekt
- Psychiatrie
- NLK Obory
- psychiatrie
- zdravotně postižení
BACKGROUND: ABL-class fusion genes other than BCR-ABL1 have been identified in approximately 3% of children with newly diagnosed acute lymphocytic leukaemia, and studies suggest that leukaemic cells carrying ABL-class fusions can be targeted successfully by tyrosine-kinase inhibitors. We aimed to establish the baseline characteristics and outcomes of paediatric patients with ABL-class fusion B-cell acute lymphocytic leukaemia in the pre-tyrosine-kinase inhibitor era. METHODS: This multicentre, retrospective, cohort study included paediatric patients (aged 1-18 years) with newly diagnosed ABL-class fusion (ABL1 fusion-positive, ABL2 fusion-positive, CSF1R fusion-positive, and PDGFRB fusion-positive) B-cell acute lymphocytic leukaemia enrolled in clinical trials of multidrug chemotherapy done between Oct 3, 2000, and Aug 28, 2018, in which tyrosine-kinase inhibitors had not been given as a first-line treatment. Patients from 14 European, North American, and Asia-Pacific study groups of the Ponte di Legno group were included. No patients were excluded, and patients were followed up by individual study groups. Through the Ponte di Legno group, we collected data on the baseline characteristics of patients, including IKZF1, PAX5, and CDKN2A/B deletion status, and whether haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) had been done, as well as treatment outcomes, including complete remission, no response, relapse, early death, and treatment-related mortality, response to prednisone, and minimal residual disease (MRD) at end of induction therapy. 5-year event-free survival and 5-year overall survival were estimated by use of Kaplan-Meier methods, and the 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse was calculated by use of a competing risk model. FINDINGS: We identified 122 paediatric patients with newly diagnosed ABL-class fusion B-cell acute lymphocytic leukaemia (77 from European study groups, 25 from North American study groups, and 20 from Asia-Pacific study groups). 64 (52%) of 122 patients were PDGFRB fusion-positive, 40 (33%) were ABL1 fusion-positive, ten (8%) were CSF1R fusion-positive, and eight (7%) were ABL2 fusion-positive. In all 122 patients, 5-year event-free survival was 59·1% (95% CI 50·5-69·1), 5-year overall survival was 76·1% (68·6-84·5), and the 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 31·0% (95% CI 22·4-40·1). MRD at the end of induction therapy was high (≥10-2 cells) in 61 (66%) of 93 patients, and most prevalent in patients with ABL2 fusions (six [86%] of 7 patients) and PDGFRB fusion-positive B-cell acute lymphocytic leukaemia (43 [88%] of 49 patients). MRD at the end of induction therapy of 10-2 cells or more was predictive of an unfavourable outcome (hazard ratio of event-free survival in patients with a MRD of ≥10-2vs those with a MRD of <10-2 3·33 [95% CI 1·46-7·56], p=0·0039). Of the 36 (30%) of 119 patients who relapsed, 25 (69%) relapsed within 3 years of diagnosis. The 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse in 41 patients who underwent HSCT (17·8% [95% CI 7·7-31·3]) was lower than in the 43 patients who did not undergo HSCT (45·1% [28·4-60·5], p=0·013), but event-free survival and overall survival did not differ between these two groups. INTERPRETATION: Children with ABL-class fusion B-cell acute lymphocytic leukaemia have poor outcomes when treated with regimens that do not contain a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, despite the use of high-risk chemotherapy regimens and frequent HSCT upon first remission. Our findings provide a reference for evaluating the potential benefit of first-line tyrosine-kinase inhibitor treatment in patients with ABL-class fusion B-cell acute lymphocytic leukaemia. FUNDING: The Oncode Institute, Pediatric Cancer Foundation Rotterdam, Dutch Cancer Society, Kika Foundation, Deutsche Krebshilfe, Blood Cancer UK, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Cancer Australia, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, and St Baldrick's Foundation.
- MeSH
- alografty MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- doba přežití bez progrese choroby MeSH
- fúzní onkogenní proteiny genetika MeSH
- inhibitory proteinkinas MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- pre-B-buněčná leukemie * genetika mortalita terapie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- přežití po terapii bez příznaků nemoci MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny c-abl genetika MeSH
- transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk * MeSH
- tyrosinkinasy genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
4th ed. 2 sv. : barev.fot., obr.,přeruš. lit., grafy.,tab., věc.rejstř. ; 28 cm
- MeSH
- kožní manifestace MeSH
- kožní nemoci MeSH
- Publikační typ
- příručky MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- dermatovenerologie
- dermatovenerologie
Journal of dermatological treatment, ISSN 0954-6634 vol. 14, suppl. 1, 2003
16 s. : tab., grafy ; 30 cm
- MeSH
- atopická dermatitida MeSH
- management nemoci MeSH
- masti MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- dermatovenerologie
Several house bat specimens superficially resembling the white-bellied house bat Scotophilus leucogaster (Cretzschmar, 1830), were recently captured in southwestern Ethiopia and southern South Sudan. These S. cf. leucogaster differed from typical S. leucogaster by their slightly smaller size and ventral coloration, conforming instead with the original description of S. altilis Allen, 1914. Scotophilus altilis is an overlooked taxon known from the Blue Nile region in Sudan that is currently considered a junior synonym of S. leucogaster. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cytb) sequences revealed S. cf. leucogaster as a sister clade to S. leucogaster with a genetic distance of ca. 10%. Comparative specimens of questionable S. nigritellus de Winton, 1899 from northwestern Ethiopia and a wing biopsy sample of another S. cf. leucogaster from western Kenya also fell within this clade. Sequence data from two nuclear markers (zfy and fgb7) corroborated the distinction of S. cf. leucogaster from S. leucogaster. Likewise, morphometric analysis of cranial data largely supported this distinction, as well as taxonomic affiliation with S. altilis based on comparison with the only available paratype specimen. The position of this paratype specimen within the new Scotophilus clade, inferred from analysis of a short fragment of cytb, confirmed its taxonomic identity. Based on the presented evidence, the overlooked East African taxon S. altilis should be resurrected as a full species within the genus Scotophilus.
- MeSH
- Chiroptera * MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- mitochondriální geny MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Etiopie MeSH
- Keňa MeSH
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- genová přestavba * MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery genetika MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- pre-B-buněčná leukemie genetika patologie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- trans-aktivátory genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
Not infrequently patients are transferred to a burn center with the diagnosis of toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Not all cases of generalized erythema and skin sloughing represent TEN. Acute generalized pustular psoriasis (AGPP) of the von Zumbusch type and acute generalized exanthematic pustulosis (AGEP) are two rare skin diseases that can also present with widespread erythema and skin sloughing. We present the case of a 55 year old morbidly obese woman with a history of severe psoriatic arthritis treated in our burn unit for generalized pustulosis, erythema, and skin sloughing. This was accompanied by respiratory failure, hypotension, acute renal failure, and elevated direct bilirubin. Skin biopsy narrowed the differential diagnosis to AGPP and AGEP. Her skin sloughing was treated as second degree burns with petrolatum gauze and mupirocin ointment. She required intubation, aggressive fluid resuscitation and inotropic support. She recovered with these measures over the course of 1 week. Like TEN, AGPP, and AGEP can involve the skin to an extent requiring burn intensive care admission. Patients can present on rare occasions with multi-system failure. We would like to raise the awareness of burn specialists regarding these rare diseases. They should be distinguished from TEN, as they tend to have better prognosis than TEN and their management can be different.
- MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- exantém diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- morbidní obezita komplikace MeSH
- popáleninové jednotky MeSH
- psoriáza diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- totální endoprotéza kolene MeSH
- vezikulobulózní nemoci kůže diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH