Cockroach
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Following the acceptance of plate tectonics theory in the latter half of the 20th century, vicariance became the dominant explanation for the distributions of many plant and animal groups. In recent years, however, molecular-clock analyses have challenged a number of well-accepted hypotheses of vicariance. As a widespread group of insects with a fossil record dating back 300 My, cockroaches provide an ideal model for testing hypotheses of vicariance through plate tectonics versus transoceanic dispersal. However, their evolutionary history remains poorly understood, in part due to unresolved relationships among the nine recognized families. Here, we present a phylogenetic estimate of all extant cockroach families, as well as a timescale for their evolution, based on the complete mitochondrial genomes of 119 cockroach species. Divergence dating analyses indicated that the last common ancestor of all extant cockroaches appeared ∼235 Ma, ∼95 My prior to the appearance of fossils that can be assigned to extant families, and before the breakup of Pangaea began. We reconstructed the geographic ranges of ancestral cockroaches and found tentative support for vicariance through plate tectonics within and between several major lineages. We also found evidence of transoceanic dispersal in lineages found across the Australian, Indo-Malayan, African, and Madagascan regions. Our analyses provide evidence that both vicariance and dispersal have played important roles in shaping the distribution and diversity of these insects.
- MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- fylogeografie MeSH
- genom mitochondriální * MeSH
- rozšíření zvířat * MeSH
- švábi genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Simpler and biocompatible greener approaches for the assembly of nanoparticles (NPs) have been the focus lately which have minimum environmental damage and often entails the use of natural biomolecules to synthesize NPs. Such greener synthesis of nanoparticles has capitalized on the use of microbes, fungi, and plants using biological resources. In this study, Periplaneta americana (American cockroach) wings' extract (chitin-rich) is studied as a novel biomaterial for the first time to synthesize silver NPs (less than 50 nm); chitin is the second most abundant polymer after cellulose on earth. The physicochemical properties of these NPs were analyzed using UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The insecticidal effect of ensuing NPs was examined on the mortality of Aphis gossypii under laboratory conditions; 48 h after treatments of A. gossypii with silver NPs (100 μg/ml), the mortality rate in treated aphids was about 40% (an average), while an average percentage of losses in the control sample was about 10%. These results indicate the lethal effect of green-synthesized silver NPs on A. gossypii, in vitro. Greener synthesis of silver nanoparticles using American cockroach wings and their insecticidal activities.
- MeSH
- biokompatibilní materiály chemie MeSH
- celulosa chemie MeSH
- chitin chemie MeSH
- difrakce rentgenového záření MeSH
- insekticidy farmakologie MeSH
- kovové nanočástice chemie MeSH
- křídla zvířecí chemie MeSH
- Periplaneta chemie MeSH
- polymery chemie MeSH
- průmyslová mikrobiologie metody MeSH
- spektrofotometrie ultrafialová MeSH
- stříbro chemie MeSH
- technologie zelené chemie metody MeSH
- transmisní elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- dezinsekce MeSH
- insekticidy * farmakologie chemie MeSH
- švábi * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Bacterial endosymbionts evolve under strong host-driven selection. Factors influencing host evolution might affect symbionts in similar ways, potentially leading to correlations between the molecular evolutionary rates of hosts and symbionts. Although there is evidence of rate correlations between mitochondrial and nuclear genes, similar investigations of hosts and symbionts are lacking. Here, we demonstrate a correlation in molecular rates between the genomes of an endosymbiont (Blattabacterium cuenoti) and the mitochondrial genomes of their hosts (cockroaches). We used partial genome data for multiple strains of B. cuenoti to compare phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary rates for 55 cockroach/symbiont pairs. The phylogenies inferred for B. cuenoti and the mitochondrial genomes of their hosts were largely congruent, as expected from their identical maternal and cytoplasmic mode of inheritance. We found a correlation between evolutionary rates of the two genomes, based on comparisons of root-to-tip distances and on comparisons of the branch lengths of phylogenetically independent species pairs. Our results underscore the profound effects that long-term symbiosis can have on the biology of each symbiotic partner.
- MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genom bakteriální MeSH
- genom mitochondriální * MeSH
- molekulární evoluce MeSH
- švábi * MeSH
- symbióza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- energetický metabolismus * fyziologie MeSH
- experimenty na zvířatech MeSH
- glykogen * krev metabolismus MeSH
- hemolymfa fyziologie metabolismus MeSH
- hmyz MeSH
- let zvířat fyziologie MeSH
- Periplaneta * fyziologie metabolismus MeSH
- spotřeba kyslíku fyziologie MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- švábi fyziologie metabolismus MeSH
- trehalosa fyziologie izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
Although French Guiana is one of the greatest hotspots of cockroach biodiversity on Earth, there are still undocumented species. From both newly collected and museum specimens, we provide species descriptions for Buboblatta vlasaki sp. nov., Lamproblatta antoni sp. nov., and Euhypnorna bifuscina sp. nov. and report new geographic records for species in the genera Epilampra Burmeister, Euphyllodromia Shelford, Ischnoptera Burmeister, and Euhypnorna Hebard. Finally, we update the checklist of species known from the region to 163 total species records from French Guiana, making it the second greatest hotspot of known cockroach biodiversity on Earth.
- MeSH
- švábi anatomie a histologie klasifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Francouzská Guyana MeSH
Inhibitory activity against subtilisin, proteinase K, chymotrypsin and trypsin was detected in the salivary glands and saliva of the cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea (Blattoptera: Blaberidae). Fractionation of the salivary glands extract by affinity chromatography followed by reverse-phase HPLC yielded five subtilisin-inhibiting peptides with molecular masses ranging from 5 to 14 kDa. N-terminal sequences and subsequently full-length cDNAs of inhibitors designated NcPIa and NcPIb were obtained. The NcPIa cDNA contains 216 nucleotides and encodes a pre-peptide of 72 amino-acid residues of which 19 make up the signal peptide. The cDNA of NcPIb consists of 240 nucleotides and yields a putative secretory peptide of 80 amino-acid residues. Mature NcPIa (5906.6 Da, 53 residues) and NcPIb (6713.3 Da, 60 residues) are structurally similar (65.4% amino acid overlap) single-domain Kazal-type peptidase inhibitors. NcPIa with Arg in P1 position and typical Kazal motif VCGSD interacted stoichiometrically (1:1) with subtilisin and was slightly less active against proteinase K. NcPIb with Leu in P1 and modified Kazal motif ICGSD had similar activity on subtilisin and no on proteinase K but was active on chymotrypsin.
- MeSH
- inhibitory proteas metabolismus MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- proteasy metabolismus MeSH
- regulace genové exprese MeSH
- sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- švábi metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
