BACKGROUND: Adjusting the timing of annual events to gradual changes in environmental conditions is necessary for population viability. However, adaptations to weather extremes are poorly documented in migratory species. Due to their vast seasonal movements, long-distance migrants face unique challenges in responding to changes as they rely on an endogenous circannual rhythm to cue the timing of their migration. Furthermore, the exact mechanisms that explain how environmental factors shape the migration schedules of long-distance migrants are often unknown. RESULTS: Here we show that long-distance migrating semi-collared flycatchers Ficedula semitorquata delayed the last phase of their spring migration and the population suffered low return rates to breeding sites while enduring a severe cold spell en route. We found that the onset of spring migration in Africa and the timing of Sahara crossing were consistent between early and late springs while the arrival at the breeding site depended on spring phenology at stopover areas in each particular year. CONCLUSION: Understanding how environmental stimuli and endogenous circannual rhythms interact can improve predictions of the consequences of climate changes on migratory animals.

• MeSH
• migrace zvířat * MeSH
• nízká teplota MeSH
• podnebí MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• zpěvní ptáci fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Mechanistic understanding about the nature of cellular cryoinjury and mechanisms by which some animals survive freezing while others do not is currently lacking. Here, we exploited the broadly manipulable freeze tolerance of larval malt flies (Chymomyza costata) to uncover cell and tissue morphological changes associated with freeze mortality. Diapause induction, cold acclimation and dietary proline supplementation generate malt fly variants ranging from weakly to extremely freeze tolerant. Using confocal microscopy and immunostaining of the fat body, Malpighian tubules and anterior midgut, we described tissue and cytoskeletal (F-actin and α-tubulin) morphologies among these variants after exposure to various cold stresses (from chilling at -5°C to extreme freezing at -196°C), and upon recovery from cold exposure. Fat body tissue appeared to be the most susceptible to cryoinjury: freezing caused coalescence of lipid droplets, loss of α-tubulin structure and apparent aggregation of F-actin. A combination of diapause and cold acclimation substantially lowered the temperature at which these morphological disruptions occurred. Larvae that recovered from a freezing challenge repaired F-actin aggregation but not lipid droplet coalescence or α-tubulin structure. Our observations indicate that lipid coalescence and damage to α-tubulin are non-lethal forms of freeze injury, and suggest that repair or removal (rather than protection) of actin proteins is a potential mechanism of acquired freeze tolerance.

• MeSH
• aklimatizace * MeSH
• cytoskelet fyziologie   MeSH
• Drosophilidae cytologie   růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• gastrointestinální trakt cytologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• larva cytologie   růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• malpighické trubice cytologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• nízká teplota škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• tukové těleso cytologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The use of virtual reality (VR) in medicine is rapidly expanding, particularly in areas like pain management, surgical training, and mental health therapy. This study examines the implementation and effects of the Cold River VR application, a fully immersive tool designed to help manage pain and anxiety during dressing changes for burn trauma patients in a Czech hospital. The Cold River application immerses patients in a peaceful, interactive virtual environment, utilizing eye-tracking technology to engage them without the need for physical controllers, which could interfere with wound care. The study included 67 participants and found that Cold River effectively distracted patients, making the often painful and anxiety-provoking dressing changes more bearable. While stakeholder interviews indicated that the VR application was generally well-received and seen as a valuable tool in reducing patient discomfort, challenges such as lengthy calibration and occasional issues with nausea and headset discomfort were noted. Importantly, the Cold River application increased patient engagement and reduced the psychological burden associated with burn care, though it also highlighted the need for customization based on individual patient preferences and conditions. Overall, the experience with Cold River suggests that immersive VR holds significant potential for improving patient care during burn treatment, particularly when tailored to specific patient needs and contexts.

• Klíčová slova
• Cold River,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• management bolesti metody   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• pacienti psychologie   MeSH
• popálení * ošetřování   psychologie   terapie   MeSH
• postoj zdravotnického personálu MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• terapie pomocí virtuální reality * metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• klinická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

A handheld Raman spectrometer (Ahura First Defender) was tested for the unambiguous identification of biomolecules (pure amino acids, carboxylic acids, saccharides and trehalose) in the solid state under outdoor conditions (including moderate climate conditions as well as cold temperatures and high altitudes). The biomolecules investigated represent important objects of interest for future exobiological missions. Repetitive measurements carried out under identical instrumental setups confirmed the excellent reliability of the Raman spectrometer. Raman bands are found at correct wavenumbers +/-3 cm(-1) compared with reference values. This testing represents the first step in a series of studies. In a preliminary, challenging investigation to determine the detection limit for glycine dispersed in a powdered gypsum matrix, 10% was the lowest content confirmed unambiguously. Clearly there is a need to investigate further the detection limits of Raman spectroscopic analyses of biomolecules in more complex samples, to demonstrate the usefulness or disqualify the use of this technique for more realistic outdoor situations, such as eventual future missions to Mars.

• MeSH
• aminokyseliny analýza   MeSH
• exobiologie přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• kyseliny karboxylové analýza   MeSH
• limita detekce MeSH
• nadmořská výška MeSH
• nízká teplota MeSH
• Ramanova spektroskopie metody   MeSH
• sacharidy analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The mammalian body possesses remarkable adaptability to cold exposure, involving intricate adjustments in cellular metabolism, ultimately leading to thermogenesis. However, cold-induced stress can impact immune response, primarily through noradrenaline-mediated pathways. In our study, we utilized a rat model subjected to short-term or long-term mild cold exposure to investigate systemic immune response during the cold acclimation. To provide human relevance, we included a group of regular cold swimmers in our study. Our research revealed complex relationship between cold exposure, neural signaling, immune response, and thermogenic regulation. One-day cold exposure triggered stress response, including cytokine production in white adipose tissue, subsequently activating brown adipose tissue, and inducing thermogenesis. We further studied systemic immune response, including the proportion of leukocytes and cytokines production. Interestingly, γδ T cells emerged as possible regulators in the broader systemic response, suggesting their possible contribution in the dynamic process of cold adaptation. We employed RNA-seq to gain further insights into the mechanisms by which γδ T cells participate in the response to cold. Additionally, we challenged rats exposed to cold with the Toll-like receptor 2 agonist, showing significant modulation of immune response. These findings significantly contribute to understanding of the physiological acclimation that occur in response to cold exposure.

• MeSH
• aklimatizace imunologie   MeSH
• cytokiny metabolismus   MeSH
• hnědá tuková tkáň imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nízká teplota * MeSH
• receptory antigenů T-buněk gama-delta imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• T-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• termogeneze imunologie   MeSH
• toll-like receptor 2 * metabolismus   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• zánět * imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The strategies used by living organisms to survive under low and freezing temperatures reveal the extraordinary adaptability of life on Earth. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying cold adaptation and freezing survival will provide new insights into the existing relationships between living organisms and their environment, and the possibility of developing multiple biotechnological applications. In the case of plants, the use of classical genetic and new "omics" approaches is allowing to the identification of new elements involved in regulating the cold acclimation response. The challenge ahead is to determine temperature-perception molecules and mechanisms, to uncover new internodes of multiple responses, and to integrate the regulation not only at the transcriptome but also at proteome and metabolome levels. Attaining these goals will significantly contribute global understanding the adaptive strategies plants have evolved to cope with hostile environmental conditions, and to the development biotechnological strategies to improve crop tolerance to freezing and other important abiotic stresses.

• MeSH
• adaptorové proteiny signální transdukční genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• aklimatizace fyziologie   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• Arabidopsis cytologie   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• biologická adaptace fyziologie   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• biotechnologie metody   trendy   MeSH
• cytosol chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• fyziologická adaptace fyziologie   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• metabolomika metody   MeSH
• molekulární biologie metody   MeSH
• nízká teplota škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• permeabilita buněčné membrány fyziologie   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• proteomika metody   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• rostliny MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Autoři na souboru 52 žijících a 10 zemřelých nemocných s CHOPN provedli retrospektivní studii zaměřenou na sledování progrese nemoci, rizikových faktorů, léčby a dalších ukazatelů. Průměrný roční pokles FEV1 byl u skupiny žijících a zemřelých 43 ml, resp. 42 ml, obdobné hodnoty pro FVC byly 42 ml a 110 ml. Autorí prokázali korelaci velikosti poklesu FEV1 s počtem dnů hospitalizace, dávkou steroidů a průměrnými hodnotami Pa02. Bronchodilatační test byl proveden u 27 nemocných. 13 16 pozitivně reagujících pacientů byla průměrná hodnota FEV1 nižší - 1 293 ml proti skupině nereagujících, kde byla vyšší - 1 612 ml. Kortikoidy užívala 31 osoba (22 ICS) ve skupině žijících a všichni zemřelí. Častější preskripce kortikoidů byla ve skupině nemocných s menším poklesem FEV1 než s větším poklesem, 18 proti 13 nemocným. Dalším nejčastěji podávaným preparátem byla kombinace β2-mimetika a ipratropia bromidu. Na základě tohoto šetření autorí navrhují schéma sledování nemocných s CHOPN a provedení dlouhodobé prospektivní studie posuzující rízikové faktory a progresi onemocnění.

In a retrospective study in a group of 52 surviving and of 10 dead patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) autors followed the progression of the disease, risk factors, therapy and some other parameters. The mean anual decrease of FEV1 in surviving and dead patients were 43 ml and 42 ml respectively. Values for FVC in these groups were 42 ml and 110 ml. Authors found a relationship between FEV1 and the number of hospitalisation days, the dose of corticosteroids used and the mean value of Pa02. In 27 patients bronchodilation tests were made. In 16 of them with positive reaction the mean FEV1 value was lover (1293 ml) against the non-reacting group (1612 ml). Corticosteroids (22 of them inhaled corticosteroids) were used by 31 surviver patients and all dead patients. Corticosteroids were more often prescribed in patients with smaller decrease of FEV1, than in patients with a bigger decrease of FEV1 (18 against 13 patients). The further most ordered drug was the combination of β2-mimetics and ipratropium bromid. Based on this analysis authors reccommend a scheme of follow-up of patients with COLD and the realisation of a long-term prospective study evaluating risk factors and progression of the disease.

• MeSH
• bronchoprovokační testy metody   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• farmakoterapie metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obstrukční plicní nemoci diagnóza   etiologie   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• pacienti ambulantní MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Numerous physiological functions rely on distinguishing temperature through temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential channels (thermo-TRPs). Although the function of thermo-TRPs has been studied extensively, structural determination of their heat- and cold-activated states has remained a challenge. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of the nanodisc-reconstituted wild-type mouse TRPV3 in three distinct conformations: closed, heat-activated sensitized and open states. The heat-induced transformations of TRPV3 are accompanied by changes in the secondary structure of the S2-S3 linker and the N and C termini and represent a conformational wave that links these parts of the protein to a lipid occupying the vanilloid binding site. State-dependent differences in the behavior of bound lipids suggest their active role in thermo-TRP temperature-dependent gating. Our structural data, supported by physiological recordings and molecular dynamics simulations, provide an insight for understanding the molecular mechanism of temperature sensing.

• MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• elektronová kryomikroskopie MeSH
• gating iontového kanálu MeSH
• HEK293 buňky MeSH
• kationtové kanály TRPV metabolismus   MeSH
• konformace proteinů MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy chemie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nízká teplota MeSH
• termodynamika MeSH
• vazba proteinů fyziologie   MeSH
• vnímání teploty fyziologie   MeSH
• vysoká teplota MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH

Frozen aqueous solutions are an important subject of study in numerous scientific branches including the pharmaceutical and food industry, atmospheric chemistry, biology, and medicine. Here, we present an advanced environmental scanning electron microscope methodology for research of ice samples at environmentally relevant subzero temperatures, thus under conditions in which it is extremely challenging to maintain the thermodynamic equilibrium of the specimen. The methodology opens possibilities to observe intact ice samples at close to natural conditions. Based on the results of ANSYS software simulations of the surface temperature of a frozen sample, and knowledge of the partial pressure of water vapor in the gas mixture near the sample, we monitored static ice samples over several minutes. We also discuss possible artifacts that can arise from unwanted surface ice formation on, or ice sublimation from, the sample, as a consequence of shifting conditions away from thermodynamic equilibrium in the specimen chamber. To demonstrate the applicability of the methodology, we characterized how the true morphology of ice spheres containing salt changed upon aging and the morphology of ice spheres containing bovine serum albumin. After combining static observations with the dynamic process of ice sublimation from the sample, we can attain images with nanometer resolution.

• MeSH
• artefakty MeSH
• led * analýza   MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací * metody   MeSH
• nízká teplota MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• sublimace chemická MeSH
• termodynamika MeSH
• zmrazování MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

This study extends our previous work by examining the effects of alpha2-adrenoceptors under cold stimulation involving the increase of myogenic vascular oscillations as increases of very-low-frequency and low-frequency of the blood pressure variability. Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: vehicle; yohimbine; hexamethonium+yohimbine; guanethidine+yohimbine. Systolic blood pressure, heart rate, power spectral analysis of spontaneous blood pressure and heart rate variability and spectral coherence at very-low-frequency (0.02 to 0.2 Hz), low-frequency (0.2 to 0.6 Hz), and high-frequency (0.6 to 3.0 Hz) regions were monitored using telemetry. Key findings are as follows: 1) Cooling-induced pressor response was attenuated by yohimbine and further attenuated by hexamethonium+yohimbine and guanethidine+yohimbine, 2) Cooling-induced tachycardia response of yohimbine was attenuated by hexamethonium+yohimbine and guanethidine+yohimbine, 3) Different patterns of power spectrum reaction and coherence value compared hexamethonium+yohimbine and guanethidine+yohimbine to yohimbine alone under cold stimulation. The results suggest that sympathetic activation of the postsynaptic alpha2-adrenoceptors causes vasoconstriction and heightening myogenic vascular oscillations, in turn, may increase blood flow to prevent tissue damage under stressful cooling challenge.

• MeSH
• alfa-2-adrenergní receptory - antagonisté farmakologie   MeSH
• alfa-2-adrenergní receptory fyziologie   MeSH
• hemodynamika účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• krevní tlak účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• náhodné rozdělení MeSH
• nízká teplota škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• srdeční frekvence účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• telemetrie metody   MeSH
• vazokonstrikce účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• yohimbin farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH