Volumetric shrinkage (VS) of conventional, bulk-fill, and core build-up resin-based composites (RBCs) of various thickness (1-5 mm) was measured using the modified bonded-disk method with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Additionally, the bottom-to-top ratio of Vickers hardness (%VH) was measured. Conventional RBCs exhibited significantly higher VS than bulk-fill and core build-up RBCs (p<0.05). As specimen thickness increased, VS relative to volume (%VS) and difference in VS at each depth (VSdepth) decreased. For conventional RBCs, there was a significant drop in VSdepth between 1 mm and 2 mm (p<0.05), and another drop was observed between 3 mm and 4 mm (p<0.05) where %VH decreased below 90%. For bulk-fill and core build-up RBCs, VSdepth decreased significantly between 2 mm and 3 mm (p<0.05), but %VH exceeded 90% even in 5 mm deep cavities. These results indicated that post-curing contributed to lower shrinkage in deeper layers, and that conventional RBCs were not adequately polymerized at the depth of over 3 mm.

• MeSH
• Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives methods   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Polymerization MeSH
• Surface Properties MeSH
• Composite Resins * MeSH
• Materials Testing MeSH
• Hardness MeSH
• Dental Caries * MeSH
• Dental Materials MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

The effect of long-term water storage on the regional ultimate tensile strength (UTS), water sorption (Wsp) and water solubility (Wsl) of conventional and bulk-fill resin composites at various depths was investigated. Composite specimens light-cured from one side were sectioned into beams corresponding to different depths (1-5 mm) and stored in water for 24 h, 1 week, 1 month, 6 months or 1 year. UTS increased during the first week and then gradually decreased over time, especially in deeper regions. Bulk-fill composites initially exhibited similar UTS at all depths, whereas the UTS of conventional composites at 1 mm and 5 mm differed significantly at all time points. Wsp and Wsl increased with depth and storage time, markedly at 3-5 mm after 1 month for conventional composites and after 6 months for bulk-fill composites. The signs of degradation at depths beyond 3 mm suggested that even bulk-fill composites have suboptimal properties in layers more than 3 mm in thickness.

• MeSH
• Tensile Strength MeSH
• Polymerization MeSH
• Solubility MeSH
• Composite Resins * MeSH
• Materials Testing MeSH
• Water * MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

The effect of different air-blowing strategies using a prototype of a newly developed clinically applicable warm air-blowing device on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of one-step self-etch adhesives (1-SEAs) to human root-canal dentin was evaluated. Post cavities (8 mm depth, 1.5 mm diameter) were prepared and bonded with four 1-SEAs. Air-blowing was performed using normal air (23±1°C) for 10 or 20 s; warm air (60±1°C) for 10 or 20 s; or their combination for 10 s (5 s normal, 5 s warm) or 20 s (10 s normal, 10 s warm). After filling with corresponding core materials and 24-h water storage, μTBS test was performed. For three of the 1-SEAs, combined air-blowing for 20 s significantly increased μTBS compared to other air-blowing strategies (p<0.05). This suggests that the combination of normal and warm air-blowing for 20 s can enhance solvent evaporation from 1-SEAs, thus resulting in their improved bonding performance to root-canal dentin.

• MeSH
• Adhesives MeSH
• Dentin MeSH
• Dentin-Bonding Agents MeSH
• Dental Pulp Cavity MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Tensile Strength MeSH
• Resin Cements MeSH
• Materials Testing MeSH
• Dental Bonding * MeSH
• Dental Cements MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the sealing performance of self-etch adhesives (SEA) after smear layer deproteinization with chemo-mechanical caries removal agents (CRA) to enamel and dentin cavity walls in comparison with 6% NaOCl smear layer deproteinizing. METHODS: Eighty extracted bovine incisors with tapered cylindrical cavities (2.5 mm upper diameter, 1.5 mm lower diameter, 2 mm depth) at the cemento-enamel junction were randomly divided into four pre-treatment groups; no treatment (control), Papacarie (papain enzyme-based CRA), Carisolv (NaOCl-based CRA), and 6% NaOCl. After pretreatment, G-Bond Plus (GBP, one-step SEA) or Clearfil SE Bond 2 (CSE, two-step SEA) was applied to the pre-treated cavity, and then filled with a flowable resin composite (Clearfil Majesty ES Flow). Gap formations at the enamel and dentin lateral walls, and on the dentin cavity floor were investigated using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) after 24-h water storage at 37 °C. Deproteinizing effects of the tested agents on smear layer-covered enamel and dentin were quantified by changes in the amide:phosphate ratio using ATR-FTIR analysis. RESULTS: Papacarie significantly reduced gap formation with both self-etch adhesives at all locations, compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In contrast, increased gap formation was observed with Carisolv and NaOCl. In most groups, CSE exhibited significantly lower gap formation than GBP (p < 0.05). ATR-FTIR revealed a significant decrease in the amide:phosphate ratio for all the deproteinizing agents (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Chemo-mechanical CRAs could effectively remove the organic phase of enamel and dentin smear layer. The papain enzyme-based gel Papacarie could improve the sealing performance of the self-etch adhesives to both enamel and dentin.

• MeSH
• Adhesives MeSH
• Dentin MeSH
• Dentin-Bonding Agents MeSH
• Resin Cements MeSH
• Cattle MeSH
• Composite Resins MeSH
• Smear Layer * MeSH
• Materials Testing MeSH
• Dental Bonding * MeSH
• Dental Cements MeSH
• Dental Enamel MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Cattle MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

• MeSH
• Neoplasms radiotherapy   MeSH
• Nuclear Medicine methods   MeSH
• Radiotherapy methods   MeSH
• Publication type
• Textbook MeSH

• Conspectus
• Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NML Fields
• radiologie, nukleární medicína a zobrazovací metody
• onkologie
• NML Publication type
• kolektivní monografie

PURPOSE: multiple myeloma is considered an incurable hematologic cancer but a subset of patients can achieve long-term remissions and survival. The present study examines the clinical features of long-term survival as it correlates to depth of disease response. PATIENTS & METHODS: this was a multi-institutional, international, retrospective analysis of high-dose melphalan-autologous stem cell transplant (HDM-ASCT) eligible MM patients included in clinical trials. Clinical variable and survival data were collected from 7291 MM patients from Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Korea, Spain, the Nordic Myeloma Study Group and the United States. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to assess progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Relative survival (RS) and statistical cure fractions (CF) were computed for all patients with available data. RESULTS: achieving CR at 1 year was associated with superior PFS (median PFS 3.3 years vs. 2.6 years, p < 0.0001) as well as OS (median OS 8.5 years vs. 6.3 years, p < 0.0001). Clinical variables at diagnosis associated with 5-year survival and 10-year survival were compared with those associated with 2-year death. In multivariate analysis, age over 65 years (OR 1.87, p = 0.002), IgA Isotype (OR 1.53, p = 0.004), low albumin < 3.5 g/dL (OR = 1.36, p = 0.023), elevated beta 2 microglobulin ≥ 3.5 mg/dL (OR 1.86, p < 0.001), serum creatinine levels ≥ 2 mg/dL (OR 1.77, p = 0.005), hemoglobin levels < 10 g/dL (OR 1.55, p = 0.003), and platelet count < 150k/μL (OR 2.26, p < 0.001) appeared to be negatively associated with 10-year survival. The relative survival for the cohort was ~0.9, and the statistical cure fraction was 14.3%. CONCLUSIONS: these data identify CR as an important predictor of long-term survival for HDM-ASCT eligible MM patients. They also identify clinical variables reflective of higher disease burden as poor prognostic markers for long-term survival.

• MeSH
• Biomarkers MeSH
• Kaplan-Meier Estimate MeSH
• Combined Modality Therapy MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Multiple Myeloma diagnosis   epidemiology   mortality   therapy   MeSH
• Odds Ratio MeSH
• Cancer Survivors * statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Prognosis MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Neoplasm Staging MeSH
• Population Surveillance MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

The incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is rising. Whilst the majority are cured surgically, aggressive metastatic cSCC carry a poor prognosis. Inactivating mutations in transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) receptors have been identified amongst genetic drivers of sporadic tumours and murine models of cSCC, suggesting a tumour suppressor function for TGF-β in normal skin. However, paradoxically, TGF-β acts as a tumour promoter in some murine model systems. Few studies have analysed the role of TGF-β/activin signalling in human normal skin, hyper-proliferative skin disorders and cSCC. Antibodies recognising phospho-SMAD proteins which are activated during canonical TGF-β/activin signalling were validated for use in immunohistochemistry. A tissue microarray comprising FFPE lesional and perilesional tissue from human primary invasive cSCC (n=238), cSCCin-situ(n=2) and keratocanthoma (n=9) were analysed in comparison with tissues from normal human scalp (n=10). Phosphorylated SMAD2 and SMAD3 were detected in normal interfollicular epidermal keratinocytes and were also highly localised to inner root sheath, matrix cells and Keratin 15 positive cells. Lesional cSCC tissue had significantly reduced activated SMAD2/3 compared to perilesional tissue, consistent with a tumour suppressor role for SMAD2/3 activators in cSCC. Increased cSCC tumour thickness inversely correlated with the presence of phospho-SMADs in tumour tissue suggesting that a reduction in canonical TGF-β/activin signalling may be associated with disease progression.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To measure the Knoop microhardness at the bottom of four posterior resin-based composites (RBCs): Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (Ivoclar Vivadent), SureFil SDR flow (DENTSPLY), SonicFill (Kerr), and x-tra fil (Voco). METHODS: The RBCs were expressed into metal rings that were 2, 4, or 6-mm thick with a 4-mm internal diameter at 30°C. The uncured specimens were covered by a Mylar strip and a Bluephase 20i (Ivoclar Vivadent) polywave(®) LED light-curing unit was used in high power setting for 20s. The specimens were then removed and placed immediately on a Knoop microhardness-testing device and the microhardness was measured at 9 points across top and bottom surfaces of each specimen. Five specimens were made for each condition. RESULTS: As expected, for each RBC there was no significant difference in the microhardness values at the top of the 2, 4 and 6-mm thick specimens. SureFil SDR Flow was the softest resin, but was the only resin that had no significant difference between the KHN values at the bottom of the 2 and 4-mm (Mixed Model ANOVA p<0.05). Although the KHN of SureFil SDR Flow was only marginally significantly different between the 2 and 6-mm thickness, the bottom at 6-mm was only 59% of the hardness measured at the top. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study highlights that clinicians need to consider how the depth of cure was evaluated when determining the depth of cure. SureFil SDR Flow was the softest material and, in accordance with manufacturer's instructions, this RBC should be overlaid with a conventional resin.

• MeSH
• Acrylic Resins chemistry   radiation effects   MeSH
• Dental Stress Analysis MeSH
• Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate chemistry   radiation effects   MeSH
• Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives instrumentation   methods   MeSH
• Methacrylates chemistry   radiation effects   MeSH
• Polymerization radiation effects   MeSH
• Polyurethanes chemistry   radiation effects   MeSH
• Surface Properties radiation effects   MeSH
• Composite Resins chemistry   radiation effects   MeSH
• Curing Lights, Dental * MeSH
• Materials Testing MeSH
• Dental Materials chemistry   radiation effects   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Přehledová studie má pět částí. V první jsou charakterizovány dva koncepční přístupy k humoru. Jeden pokládá za zastřešující pojem „komično“ a humor je jen jednou z jeho spíše pozitivních podob. Druhý vychází ze zastřešujícího pojmu „humor“ a rozlišuje různé podoby humoru, včetně negativních. Výklad uvádí tři hlavní teorie humoru: nadřazenosti, nesouladu, neshody a uvolnění či tlumení. Druhá část přibližuje humor u seniorů a upozorňuje, že toho víme relativně málo o humoru ve stáří, neboť většina výzkumů probíhá u dětí, dospívajících či dospělých v produktivním věku. Třetí část studie přibližuje diagnostikování humoru u seniorů. V rámci kvalitativních metod se používají např. hloubkové rozhovory se seniory nebo analýza deníkových záznamů seniorů. V rámci kvantitativních metod se používají dotazníky a studie podává přehled sedmi nejběžnějších, které se používají ve výzkumech humoru u starých osob. V rámci smíšených metod se porovnává porozumění humoru u mladých osob a seniorů anebo porozumění humoru u relativně zdravých seniorů a seniorů po mozkové příhodě. Čtvrtá část studie přináší model Gelkopfa o vztazích mezi humorem, léčbou a uzdravováním pacientů. Pátá část studie demonstruje možnosti jak využívat humoru při zlepšování psychického stavu seniorů (individuální nebo skupinové intervence).

This survey study has five parts. In the first part two conceptual approaches to humor are characterized. One considers „the comic“ to be an umbrella concept, and humor is only one of its rather positive forms. The other comes out from the umbrella concept „humor“, and distinguishes between various forms of humor including the negative ones. Three main theories of humor are presented: theory of superiority, theory of incongruity, and a relief theory. The second part introduces humor in the elderly and draws the attention to the fact that we know relatively little about humor in old age because most research has been carried out in children, adolescents or adults in productive age. The third part of the study describes the process of diagnostics of humor in the elderly. For example, within the qualitative methods, in-depth interviews with seniors or analyses of their diary entries are used. Within quantitative methods, questionnaires are used, and this study presents the survey of seven most frequent ones applied in the studies of humor in the elderly. In the context of mixed methods, understanding of humor in young and seniors, or understanding of humor in relatively healthy seniors and seniors after stroke are compared. The fourth part of the study presents the Gelkopf’s model on relationship between humor, treatment and cure of patients. The fifth part of the study demonstrates the options how to use humor to improve the mental state of the elderly (by means of individual or group interventions).

• Keywords
• Situational Humor Response Scale, Values in Action Inventory Strenghts - Humor Scale, Humor Orientation Scale, Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale, Joke and Story Completion Test, Coping Humor Scale,
• MeSH
• Adaptation, Psychological MeSH
• Circadian Rhythm MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Personality Inventory MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires classification   MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Aging * MeSH
• Wit and Humor as Topic * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to investigate depth dependent changes of polymerization process and kinetics of visible light-curing (VLC) dental composites in real-time. The measured quantity - "ion viscosity" determined by dielectric analysis (DEA) - provides the depth dependent reaction rate which is correlated to the light intensity available in the corresponding depths derived from light transmission measurements. METHODS: The ion viscosity curves of two composites (VOCO Arabesk Top and Grandio) were determined during irradiation of 40s with a light-curing unit (LCU) in specimen depths of 0.5/0.75/1.0/1.25/1.5/1.75 and 2.0mm using a dielectric cure analyzer (NETZSCH DEA 231 with Mini IDEX sensors). The thickness dependent light transmission was measured by irradiation composite specimens of various thicknesses on top of a radiometer setup. RESULTS: The shape of the ion viscosity curves depends strongly on the specimen thickness above the sensor. All curves exhibit a range of linear time dependency of the ion viscosity after a certain initiation time. The determined initiation times, the slopes of the linear part of the curves, and the ion viscosities at the end of the irradiation differ significantly with depth within the specimen. The slopes of the ion viscosity curves as well as the light intensity values decrease with depth and fit to the Lambert-Beer law. The corresponding attenuation coefficients are determined for Arabesk Top OA2 to 1.39mm(-1) and 1.48mm(-1), respectively, and for Grandio OA2 with 1.17 and 1.39mm(-1), respectively. For thicknesses exceeding 1.5mm a change in polymerization behavior is observed as the ion viscosity increases subsequent to the linear range indicating some kind of reaction acceleration. SIGNIFICANCE: The two VLC composites and different specimen thicknesses discriminate significantly in their ion viscosity evolution allowing for a precise characterization of the curing process even with respect to the polymerization mechanism.

• MeSH
• Composite Resins * MeSH
• Curing Lights, Dental * MeSH
• Dental Bonding * MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH