Úvod: Karcinom děložního hrdla přímo ovlivňuje reprodukční funkce žen ve fertilním věku. Až třetina onemocnění je diagnostikována u žen mladších 45 let, které stále mohou mít otevřené reprodukční plány. V posledních letech se proto zvyšuje zájem o provádění fertilitu šetřící léčby (FST – fertility-sparing treatment), jejímž cílem je zachování fertility při dosažení stejné onkologické bezpečnosti jako u radikální chirurgické léčby. Cíl: Shrnout současné poznatky o FST u žen s časnými stadii karcinomu děložního hrdla. Metodika: Přehled publikované literatury na dané téma s využitím lékařských databází. Výsledky: FST je vyhrazena pro pacientky s HPV asociovaným karcinomem děložního hrdla do stadia IB s negativními uzlinami. K dispozici jsou konzervativní výkony (konizace a prostá vaginální trachelektomie) a radikální trachelektomie. Konzervativní postupy u nádorů ≤ 2 cm mají srovnatelné onkologické výsledky jako radikální léčba s výrazně nižší mírou perinatologických komplikací. V průměru 55 % pacientek po léčbě otěhotní a z nich v průměru 70 % porodí živého novorozence. Přibližně 38 % porodů je předčasných, nejčastěji po radikální trachelektomii. Nejčastější pooperační komplikací s přímým dopadem na plodnost je cervikální stenóza. Závěr: U vybrané skupiny pacientek s nádory ≤ 2 cm je FST bezpečný postup s dobrými perinatologickými výsledky. Zůstává však nejasné, zda je bezpečné nabízet tuto léčbu pacientkám s většími nádory. Použití neoadjuvantní chemoterapie následované konzervativní operací je slibný přístup, který však vyžaduje další ověření v klinických studiích.
Introduction: Cervical cancer directly affects the reproductive function of women of childbearing age. Up to one-third of the disease is diagnosed in women younger than 45 years of age, who may still have open reproductive plans. Therefore, in recent years, there has been increasing interest in performing fertility-sparing treatment (FST), which aims to preserve fertility while achieving the same oncologic safety as radical surgical treatment. Objective: To summarize the current knowledge on FST in women with early stages of cervical cancer. Methods: Review of published literature on the topic using medical databases. Results: FST is reserved for patients with HPV-associated cervical cancer up to stage IB with negative nodes. Conservative procedures (conization and simple vaginal trachelectomy) and radical trachelectomy are available. Conservative procedures for tumors ≤ 2 cm have comparable oncological outcomes as radical treatment with a significantly lower rate of perinatological complications. On average, 55% of patients become pregnant after treatment and of these, on average 70% give birth to a live newborn. Approximately 38% of deliveries are preterm, most often after radical trachelectomy. The most common postoperative complication with direct impact on fertility is cervical stenosis. Conclusion: In a selected group of patients with tumors up to 2 cm, FST is a safe procedure with good perinatological outcomes. However, it remains unclear whether it is safe to offer this treatment to patients with larger tumors. The use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by conservative surgery is a promising approach but requires further validation in clinical trials.
PURPOSE: The common protocol of full-field stimulus threshold (FST) testing recommends pupil dilation. The aim of this study is to investigate the difference between FST measurements with dilated and nondilated pupils in healthy subjects and patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). METHODS: Twenty healthy subjects and 20 RP patients were selected. One pupil of each subject was dilated; the other eye was measured in physiological width of the pupil. The FST was conducted using Diagnosys Espion E2/E3 with white, blue, and red stimuli. Statistical analysis was conducted with a mixed-model analysis of variance and a paired t-test. RESULTS: The statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between measurements of dilated and nondilated pupils with the following: blue stimuli for all subjects and groups except those with highly progressed RP; white stimuli for all tested subjects in total, for RP patients with better-preserved visual field (VF), and rod-mediated FST response; and red stimuli for RP patients with better-preserved VF and rod-mediated FST response. On average, the difference between the FST values for RP patients were -3.2 ± 3 dB for blue, -2.3 ± 2.9 dB for white, and -0.83 ± 3 dB for red stimuli. The correlation between the FST values of dilated and nondilated pupils with all three stimuli was linear. CONCLUSIONS: Current recommendations are to perform FST with dilated pupils. However, based on this study's findings, pupil dilation can be omitted for clinical diagnostics or rough follow-ups. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: Our data provide useful information for the clinical use of FST.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pupila * MeSH
- retinopathia pigmentosa * diagnóza MeSH
- výzkumný projekt MeSH
- zdraví dobrovolníci pro lékařské studie MeSH
- zraková pole MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Myostatin (MSTN), an important negative regulator of skeletal muscle, plays an important role in skeletal muscle health. In previous study, we found that the expression of MSTN was different during skeletal muscle injury repair. Therefore, we explored the expression changes of MSTN at different time points during skeletal muscle injury repair after eccentric exercise. In addition, MSTN is regulated by follistatin (FST) and decorin (DCN) in vivo, so our study examined the time-specific changes of FST, DCN and MSTN in the circulation and skeletal muscle during skeletal muscle injury repair after eccentric exercise, and to explore the reasons for the changes of MSTN in the process of exercise-induced muscle injury repair, to provide a basis for promoting muscle injury repair. The rats performed one-time eccentric exercise. Blood and skeletal muscle were collected at the corresponding time points, respectively immediate after exercise (D0), one day (D1), two days (D2), three days (D3), seven days (W1) and fourteen days (W2) after exercise (n=8). The levels of MSTN, FST, DCN in serum and mRNA and protein expression in muscle were detected. MSTN changes in the blood and changes in DCN and FST showed the opposite trend, except immediately after exercise. The change trends of mRNA and protein of gastrocnemius DCN and MSTN are inconsistent, there is post-transcriptional regulation of MSTN and DCN in gastrocnemius. Acute eccentric exercise might stimulate the secretion of DCN and FST into the circulation and inhibit MSTN. MSTN may be regulated by FST and DCN after acute eccentric exercise.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- dekorin * genetika metabolismus MeSH
- folistatin * genetika metabolismus MeSH
- kondiční příprava zvířat * MeSH
- kosterní svaly * metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- messenger RNA genetika MeSH
- myostatin * genetika metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Formosan subterranean termites (FST) were exposed to strains of Beauveria pseudobassiana (Bpb) and Isaria fumosorosea (Ifr) to determine virulence of the fungi. Once lethality was determined, sublethal doses of Bpb were combined with enzymes capable of degrading the insect cuticle to measure the potential to enhance fungal infection. Bpb applied to FST in combination with proteinases and a chitinase caused increased mortality over the fungus alone. Mortality was enhanced when Ifr was applied to FST in combination with a chitinase isolated from Serratia marcesans. A lipase isolated from Pseudomonas cepacia, when combined with Ifr, also resulted in greater mortality than all control treatments. FST were also exposed to the eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitors (EBIs) dexamethasone (DEX), ibuprofen (IBU), and ibuprofen sodium salt (IBUNA), in combination with Ifr. Combining Ifr with IBUNA caused significantly increased mortality on days 6, 7, and 9. Cuticle-degrading enzymes and EBIs may have potential to enhance the pathogenic effect of a fungal control agent against the Formosan subterranean termite.
- MeSH
- analýza přežití MeSH
- chitinasy metabolismus MeSH
- dexamethason metabolismus MeSH
- dezinsekce metody MeSH
- Hypocreales růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- ibuprofen metabolismus MeSH
- ikosanoidy antagonisté a inhibitory MeSH
- insekticidy metabolismus MeSH
- Isoptera metabolismus mikrobiologie fyziologie MeSH
- lipasa metabolismus MeSH
- proteasy metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The population structure of the fungal pathogen Pyrenophora teres, collected mainly from different regions of the Czech and Slovak Republics, was examined using a microsatellite analyses (SSR). Among 305 P. teres f. teres (PTT) and 82 P. teres f. maculata (PTM) isolates that were collected, the overall gene diversity was similar (ĥ = 0.12 and ĥ = 0.13, respectively). A high level of genetic differentiation (FST = 0.46; P < 0.001) indicated the existence of population structure. Nine clusters that were found using a Bayesian approach represent the genetic structure of the studied P. teres populations. Two clusters consisted of PTM populations; PTT populations formed another seven clusters. An exact test of population differentiation confirmed the results that were generated by Structure. There was no difference between naturally infected populations over time, and genetic distance did not correlate with geographical distance. The facts that all individuals had unique multilocus genotypes and that the hypothesis of random mating could not be rejected in several populations or subpopulations serve as evidence that a mixed mating system plays a role in the P. teres life cycle. Despite the fact that the genetic differentiation value between PTT and PTM (FST = 0.30; P < 0.001) is lower than it is between the populations within each form (FST = 0.40 (PTT); FST = 0.35 (PTM); P < 0.001) and that individuals with mixed PTT and PTM genomes were found, the two forms of P. teres form genetically separate populations. Therefore, it can be assumed that these populations have most likely undergone speciation.
- MeSH
- Ascomycota klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genetická variace * MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- mikrosatelitní repetice * MeSH
- molekulární typizace MeSH
- mykologické určovací techniky MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Vitamine D (VD) has important functions in the human brain and may play a role in affective-related disorders. VD receptors are expressed in multiple brain regions associated with depressive disorders. The aim of the preclinical study was to examine the effects of chronic cholecalciferol administration (1.0, 2.5 or 5.0mg/kg/day,s.c., once daily, for 14days) on the depression-like behavior and corticosterone levels in the blood samples following ovariectomy in female rats. Cholecalciferol was administered to the ovariectomized (OVX) rats and OVX rats treated with 17β-estradiol (17β-E2, 0.5μg/rat,s.c., once daily, for 14days). Depression-like behavior and spontaneous locomotor activity were assessed in the forced swimming test (FST) and the open field test (OFT), respectively. The corticosterone levels in the blood serum before and after FST were measured in all experimental groups. Treatment with cholecalciferol in high dose (5.0mg/kg/day,s.c.) significantly decreased the immobility time of OVX rats in the FST. Co-administration of cholecalciferol in high dose with 17β-E2 exerted a markedly synergistic antidepressant-like effect in the OVX rats on the same model of depression-like behavior testing. Cholecalciferol in high dose (5.0mg/kg/day,s.c.) administered alone or together with 17β-E2 significantly enhanced frequency of grooming for the OVX rats in the OFT. Moreover, cholecalciferol in high dose administered alone or together with 17β-E2 significantly decreased the elevated corticosterone levels in the blood serum of OVX rats following the FST. These results indicate that Cholecalciferol in high dose has a marked antidepressant-like effect in the adult female rats with low levels of estrogen.
- MeSH
- antidepresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- cholekalciferol terapeutické užití MeSH
- deprese krev farmakoterapie psychologie MeSH
- estrogeny krev MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- ovarektomie * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- vitamin D terapeutické užití MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Fertility-sparing treatment (FST) for patients with cervical cancer intends to achieve oncologic outcomes comparable to those after radical treatment while maximizing reproductive outcomes, including the ability to conceive and minimizing the risk of prematurity. METHODOLOGY: International multicentre retrospective FERTISS study focused on patients treated with FST analysed timing of FST relative to pregnancy, conception attempts and methods, abortion rates, prophylactic procedures reducing the risk of severe prematurity, pregnancy duration, and delivery mode. RESULTS: Of the 733 patients treated at 44 centres in 13 countries, 49.7% attempted to conceive during median follow-up of 72 months and 22.6% (166/733) patients achieved a successful pregnancy. Success rate was significantly higher after non-radical surgery (63.2%; 122/193) compared to radical trachelectomy (25.7%; 44/171, p < 0.001). Available perinatological data shows that 89.5% (111/124) of the patients became pregnant naturally. There was no significant difference in the abortion rate in the first pregnancy nor delivery success rates between non-radical and radical procedures patients. Preterm delivery (<38 weeks gestation) occurred more frequently after radical than non-radical procedures (76.5% vs. 57.7%, p = 0.15). Almost all patients (97.3%; 73/75) who underwent regular ultrasound cervicometry in pregnancy with subsequent prophylactic procedures delivered a live fetus, compared to 30.6% (15/49) women without such management, p < 0.001. CONCLUSION: Patients who underwent non-radical surgery had significantly higher pregnancy rates. Most pregnancies resulted in a viable fetus, but radical trachelectomy led to a higher rate of preterm births in the severe prematurity range. Half of the patients did not attempt pregnancy after FST.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nádory děložního čípku * chirurgie MeSH
- předčasný porod prevence a kontrola etiologie epidemiologie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- trachelektomie metody MeSH
- výsledek těhotenství MeSH
- zachování plodnosti * metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- 6. PN (6. polní nemocnice), SZP (střední zdravotnický personál), UNPROFOR, SFOR (Stabilization Forces), KFOR, KFOR Commz.-W (KFOR Communication Zone-West), AFOR, FST (Forward Surgical Team), ICRC (International Committee of the Red Cross),
- MeSH
- komunikace MeSH
- lékařské mise MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pracoviště psychologie MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- vojenské nemocnice MeSH
- vojenské ošetřovatelství MeSH
- vybavení a zásoby nemocnice MeSH
- zdravotní sestry MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
BACKGROUND: Clupeid fisheries in Lake Tanganyika (East Africa) provide food for millions of people in one of the world's poorest regions. Due to climate change and overfishing, the clupeid stocks of Lake Tanganyika are declining. We investigate the population structure of the Lake Tanganyika sprat Stolothrissa tanganicae, using for the first time a genomic approach on this species. This is an important step towards knowing if the species should be managed separately or as a single stock. Population structure is important for fisheries management, yet understudied for many African freshwater species. We hypothesize that distinct stocks of S. tanganicae could be present due to the large size of the lake (isolation by distance), limnological variation (adaptive evolution), or past separation of the lake (historical subdivision). On the other hand, high mobility of the species and lack of obvious migration barriers might have resulted in a homogenous population. RESULTS: We performed a population genetic study on wild-caught S. tanganicae through a combination of mitochondrial genotyping (96 individuals) and RAD sequencing (83 individuals). Samples were collected at five locations along a north-south axis of Lake Tanganyika. The mtDNA data had low global FST and, visualised in a haplotype network, did not show phylogeographic structure. RAD sequencing yielded a panel of 3504 SNPs, with low genetic differentiation (FST = 0.0054; 95% CI: 0.0046-0.0066). PCoA, fineRADstructure and global FST suggest a near-panmictic population. Two distinct groups are apparent in these analyses (FST = 0.1338 95% CI: 0.1239,0.1445), which do not correspond to sampling locations. Autocorrelation analysis showed a slight increase in genetic difference with increasing distance. No outlier loci were detected in the RADseq data. CONCLUSION: Our results show at most very weak geographical structuring of the stock and do not provide evidence for genetic adaptation to historical or environmental differences over a north-south axis. Based on these results, we advise to manage the stock as one population, integrating one management strategy over the four riparian countries. These results are a first comprehensive study on the population structure of these important fisheries target species, and can guide fisheries management.
- MeSH
- analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
- diskriminační analýza MeSH
- fylogeografie MeSH
- genetické lokusy MeSH
- genom * MeSH
- haplotypy genetika MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus genetika MeSH
- jezera * MeSH
- mitochondriální DNA genetika MeSH
- populační genetika * MeSH
- rybářství * MeSH
- ryby genetika MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- zachování přírodních zdrojů * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Tanzanie MeSH
In the present study, the cDNA sequences of Hsp70 and Hsp90 genes of Isaria farinosa (designated IFHSP70 and IFHSP90) were cloned and characterized using multiple techniques of molecular biology and bioinformatics. The genetic differentiation of the two genes was investigated among 10 geographically separated populations distributed in the Yunnan province. The complete sequence of the IFHSP70 cDNA had a length of 2158 bp, and contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 1962 bp, encoding a 71-kDa polypeptide comprising of 653 amino acids. IFHSP90 cDNA had a length of 2144 bp, and contained an ORF of 2103 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 79.23 kDa, comprising of 700 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequences of IFHSP70 and IFHSP90 shared high sequence identities with other fungi. Fundamental information pertaining to the protein families, signatures, and conserved motifs of Hsp70 and Hsp90 were also identified. Analysis of molecular variances (AMOVA) from the Hsp70 and Hsp90 genes showed that the genetic variation within-population (83.26%, 83.08%) was greater than among the populations (16.74%, 16.92%). The values of nucleotide diversity (Pi), haplotype diversity (Hd), coefficient of genetic differentiation (Fst), and gene flow (Nm) were calculated. For Hsp70, Pi = 0.0425, Hd = 0.888, Fst = 0.167, Nm = 1.24; For Hsp90, Pi = 0.0420, Hd = 0.894, Fst = 0.169, and Nm = 1.22. These data indicated that the genetic differentiation among 10 different geographical populations of I. farinosa was limited. This study describes, for the first time, cloning, characterization and identification of Isaria farinosa Hsp70 and Hsp90 genes, and provides a preliminary basis for exploring the genetic structure of the genus Isaria using the sequences of Hsp70 and Hsp90 as molecular markers.
- MeSH
- Cordyceps klasifikace genetika metabolismus MeSH
- fungální proteiny chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genetická variace * MeSH
- otevřené čtecí rámce MeSH
- proteiny tepelného šoku HSP70 chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- proteiny tepelného šoku HSP90 chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- sekvenční seřazení MeSH
- výpočetní biologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Čína MeSH
