Crystal structures and magnetic properties of polymeric and trinuclear heterobimetallic Mn(III)···Pt(II)···Mn(III) coordination compounds, prepared from the Ba[Pt(CN)₄] and [Mn(L4A/B)(Cl)] (1a/b) precursor complexes, are reported. The polymeric complex [{Mn(L4A)}₂{μ⁴-Pt(CN)₄}]n (2a), where H₂L4A = N,N'-ethylene-bis(salicylideneiminate), comprises the {Mn(L4A)} moieties covalently connected through the [Pt(CN)₄](2-) bridges, thus forming a square-grid polymeric structure with the hexacoordinate Mn(III) atoms. The trinuclear complex [{Mn(L4B)}₂{μ-Pt(CN)₄}] (2b), where H₂L4B = N,N'-benzene-bis(4-aminodiethylene-salicylideneiminate), consists of two [{Mn(L4B)} moieties, involving pentacoordinate Mn(III) atoms, bridged through the tetracyanidoplatinate (II) bridges to which they are coordinated in a trans fashion. Both complexes possess uniaxial type of magnetic anisotropy, with D (the axial parameter of zero-field splitting) = -3.7(1) in 2a and -2.2(1) cm(-1) in 2b. Furthermore, the parameters of magnetic anisotropy 2a and 2b were also thoroughly studied by theoretical complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) methods, which revealed that the former is much more sensitive to the ligand field strength of the axial ligands.

• MeSH
• komplexní sloučeniny chemie   MeSH
• krystalografie rentgenová MeSH
• ligandy MeSH
• magnetismus MeSH
• mangan chemie   MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• Schiffovy báze chemie   MeSH
• sloučeniny platiny chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Diabetes mellitus manifests as prolonged elevated blood glucose levels resulting from impaired insulin production. Such high glucose levels over a long period of time damage multiple internal organs. To mitigate this condition, researchers and engineers have developed the closed loop artificial pancreas consisting of a continuous glucose monitor and an insulin pump connected via a microcontroller or smartphone. A problem, however, is how to accurately predict short term future glucose levels in order to exert efficient glucose-level control. Much work in the literature focuses on least prediction error as a key metric and therefore pursues complex prediction methods such a deep learning. Such an approach neglects other important and significant design issues such as method complexity (impacting interpretability and safety), hardware requirements for low-power devices such as the insulin pump, the required amount of input data for training (potentially rendering the method infeasible for new patients), and the fact that very small improvements in accuracy may not have significant clinical benefit. METHODS: We propose a novel low-complexity, explainable blood glucose prediction method derived from the Intel P6 branch predictor algorithm. We use Meta-Differential Evolution to determine predictor parameters on training data splits of the benchmark datasets we use. A comparison is made between our new algorithm and a state-of-the-art deep-learning method for blood glucose level prediction. RESULTS: To evaluate the new method, the Blood Glucose Level Prediction Challenge benchmark dataset is utilised. On the official test data split after training, the state-of-the-art deep learning method predicted glucose levels 30 min ahead of current time with 96.3% of predicted glucose levels having relative error less than 30% (which is equivalent to the safe zone of the Surveillance Error Grid). Our simpler, interpretable approach prolonged the prediction horizon by another 5 min with 95.8% of predicted glucose levels of all patients having relative error less than 30%. CONCLUSIONS: When considering predictive performance as assessed using the Blood Glucose Level Prediction Challenge benchmark dataset and Surveillance Error Grid metrics, we found that the new algorithm delivered comparable predictive accuracy performance, while operating only on the glucose-level signal with considerably less computational complexity.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 1. typu * MeSH
• inzulin MeSH
• krevní glukóza MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• selfmonitoring glykemie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

River ecosystems are threatened by future changes in land use and climatic conditions. However, little is known of the influence of interactions of these two dominant global drivers of change on ecosystems. Does the interaction amplify (synergistic interaction) or buffer (antagonistic interaction) the impacts and does their interaction effect differ in magnitude, direction and spatial extent compared to single independent pressures. In this study, we model the impact of single and interacting effects of land use and climate change on the spatial distribution of 33 fish species in the Elbe River. The varying effects were modeled using step-wise boosted regression trees based on 250 m raster grid cells. Species-specific models were built for both 'moderate' and 'extreme' future land use and climate change scenarios to assess synergistic, additive and antagonistic interaction effects on species losses, species gains and diversity indices and to quantify their spatial distribution within the Elbe River network. Our results revealed species richness is predicted to increase by 0.7-2.9 species by 2050 across the entire river network. Changes in species richness are likely to be spatially variable with significant changes predicted for 56-85% of the river network. Antagonistic interactions would dominate species losses and gains in up to 75% of the river network. In contrast, synergistic and additive effects would occur in only 20% and 16% of the river network, respectively. The magnitude of the interaction was negatively correlated with the magnitudes of the single independent effects of land use and climate change. Evidence is provided to show that future land use and climate change effects are highly interactive resulting in species range shifts that would be spatially variable in size and characteristic. These findings emphasize the importance of adaptive river management and the design of spatially connected conservation areas to compensate for these high species turnovers and range shifts.

• MeSH
• biodiverzita MeSH
• klimatické změny * MeSH
• řeky MeSH
• ryby * MeSH
• teoretické modely * MeSH
• zachování přírodních zdrojů MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

The knowledge of the access paths connecting interior of molecular systems with surrounding environment is important for the understanding of structurefunction relationships and engineering of molecules for biotechnological applications. CAVER is a computer program developed for calculations of tunnels, channels or pores in the biomolecules, inorganic materials and molecular ensembles. The algorithm performs a skeleton search based on a reciprocal distance function grid. The algorithm is implemented in the stand-alone version, web version and as plug-in for PyMol. CAVER is available from the website http://loschmidt.chemi.muni.cz/caver

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• anorganické látky chemie   MeSH
• chemické modely MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• makromolekulární látky chemie   MeSH
• molekulární konformace MeSH
• molekulární modely MeSH
• nukleové kyseliny chemie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• počítačová grafika MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• proteiny chemie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• software MeSH
• uživatelské rozhraní počítače MeSH

Background: In the range of Semantic Web, the idea of linking and sharing the resources generated by different authors, like ontologies, knowledge bases, or datasets, is referred to “Linked data”. Then, an ambitious project within the “Linked Data” paradigm is the “Linking Open Data” community project. It aims at publishing open data sets on the Web and semantically connecting data items belonging to different data sources. Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to present a literature review on the subject of Linked Open Data in Health and Clinical Care. In fact, the availability of open data would increase evidence of the results of biomedical research, and consequently, of clinical practice. Methods: Selection criteria have been defined and searching in PubMed/Medline and Scopus citation databases - for all years the database were available - journals papers have been retrieved. Finally, an evaluation grid has been defined for analysing the retrieved papers, to answer some defined research questions. Results: Nine journal articles have been analysed according to the defined evaluation grid. In five out of nine papers, the main contributions are strategies and methodologies for the integration of systems, including bridging the information gap among forms for clinical research and the one for patient care. Then, in three papers the main contributions are the development of consistent triple stores according to the “Linked Data” paradigm. Finally, the last paper aims at building an open dataset for public health purposes. Conclusions: The review was able to answer the research questions, despite the limited number of included papers.

• MeSH
• bio-ontologie MeSH
• biomedicínský výzkum MeSH
• internet MeSH
• lékařská informatika * metody   MeSH
• poskytování zdravotní péče MeSH
• přístup k informacím * MeSH
• sémantika MeSH
• ukládání a vyhledávání informací metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Throughout development, neuronal progenitors undergo complex transformation into polarized nerve cells, warranting the directional flow of information in the neural grid. The majority of neuronal polarization studies have been carried out on rodent-derived precursor cells, programmed to develop into neurons. Unlike rodent neuronal cells, SH-SY5Y cells derived from human bone marrow present a sub-clone of neuroblastoma line, with their transformation into neuron-like cells showing a range of highly instructive neurobiological characteristics. We applied two-step retinoic acid (RA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protocol to monitor the conversion of undifferentiated SH-SY5Y into neuron-like cells with distinctly polarized axon-dendritic morphology and formation of bona fide synaptic connections. We show that BDNF is a key driver and regulator of the expression of axonal marker tau and dendritic microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2), with their sorting to distinct cellular compartments. Using selective kinase inhibitors downregulating BDNF-TrkB signaling, we demonstrate that constitutive activation of TrkB receptor is essential for the maintenance of established polarization morphology. Importantly, the proximity ligation assay applied in our preparation demonstrates that differentiating neuron-like cells develop elaborate synaptic connections enriched with hallmark pre- and postsynaptic proteins. Described herein findings highlight several fundamental processes related to neuronal polarization and synaptogenesis in human-derived cells, which are of major relevance to neurobiology and translational neuroscience.

• MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozkový neurotrofický faktor genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• neuroblastom genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• neurogeneze genetika   MeSH
• neurony cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
• signální transdukce MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

When a tree dies, it continues to play an important ecological role within forests. Coarse woody debris (CWD), including standing deadwood (SDW) and downed deadwood (DDW), is an important functional component of forest ecosystems, particularly for many dispersal-limited saproxylic taxa and for metapopulation dynamics across landscapes. Processes, such as natural disturbance or management, modify forest composition and structure, thereby influencing CWD abundance and distribution. Many studies have compared older forests to forests managed with even-aged silvicultural systems and observed a prolonged period of low CWD occurrence after harvesting. With fine-scale spatial data, our study compares the long-term impacts of light partial harvesting on the CWD structure of eastern deciduous hardwood forests. We mapped and inventoried DDW and SDW using variable radius plots based on a 10 m × 10 m grid throughout an unmanaged, structurally-complex relict forest and two nearby forests that were partially harvested over 46 years ago. The relict stand had significantly larger individual pieces and higher accumulations of DDW and SDW than both of the partially harvested stands. Connectivity of CWD was much higher in the relict stand, which had fewer, larger patches. Larger pieces and higher proportion of decay-resistant species (e.g. Quercus spp.) in the relict forest resulted in slower decomposition, greater accumulation and increased connectivity of CWD. Partial harvests, such that occur with selection forestry, are generally considered less disruptive of ecosystem services, but this study highlights the long-term impacts of even light partial harvests on CWD stocks and distribution. When planning harvesting events, forest managers should also consider alternative methods to ensure the sustainability of deadwood resources and function.

• MeSH
• biodiverzita MeSH
• dřevo chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• lesy * MeSH
• stromy fyziologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The perineal body connects muscles from the pelvic floor and is critical for support of the lower part of the vagina and proper function of the anal canal. We determined mechanical parameters and volume fractions of main components of the human female postmenopausal perineal body. METHODS: The specimens were taken from 15 fresh female cadavers (age 74 ± 10, mean ± standard deviation). Seventy-five specimens from five regions of the perineal body were processed histologically to assess volume fractions of tissue components using stereological point testing grid. Fifteen specimens taken from the midline region were loaded uniaxially with 6 mm/min velocity until tissue rupture to determine Young's modulus of elasticity, ultimate stresses, and strains. RESULTS: The perineal body was composed of collagen (29%), adipose cells (27%), elastin (7%), smooth muscle (11%), and skeletal muscle (3%). The residual tissue (19%) constituted mostly peripheral nerves, lumina of blood vessels, fibroblasts, and fibrocytes. Young's modulus of elasticity at midline region was 18 kPa (median) at small and 232 kPa at large deformations, respectively. The ultimate stress was 172 kPa and the ultimate strain was 1.4. CONCLUSIONS: We determined the structural and mechanical parameters of the perineal body. The resultant data could be used as input for models simulating pelvic floor prolapse or dysfunction.

• MeSH
• anální kanál MeSH
• biomechanika fyziologie   MeSH
• elastin analýza   MeSH
• hladké svalstvo anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• kolagen analýza   MeSH
• kosterní svaly anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mrtvola MeSH
• pánevní dno anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• perineum anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• postmenopauza fyziologie   MeSH
• prolaps pánevních orgánů patofyziologie   MeSH
• pružnost fyziologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tuková tkáň anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• vagina MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The pig is a large animal model that is often used in experimental medicine. The aim of this study was to assess, in normal pig livers, sexual dimorphism in the normal fraction of hepatic interlobular and intralobular connective tissue (CT) in six hepatic lobes and in three macroscopical regions of interest (ROIs) with different positions relative to the liver vasculature. Using stereological point grids, the fractions of CT were quantified in histological sections stained with aniline blue and nuclear fast red. Samples (415 tissue blocks) were collected from healthy piglets, representing paracaval, paraportal and peripheral ROIs. There was considerable variability in the CT fraction at all sampling levels. In males the mean fraction of interlobular CT was 4.7 ± 2.4% (mean ± SD) and ranged from 0% to 11.4%. In females the mean fraction of the interlobular CT was 3.6 ± 2.2% and ranged from 0% to 12.3%. The mean fraction of intralobular (perisinusoidal summed with pericentral) CT was <0.2% in both sexes. The interlobular CT represented >99.8% of the total hepatic CT and the fractions were highly correlated (Spearman r = 0.998, P <0.05). The smallest CT fraction was observed in the left medial lobe and in the paracaval ROI and the largest CT fraction was detected in the quadrate lobe and in the peripheral ROI. For planning experiments involving the histological quantification of liver fibrosis and requiring comparison between the liver lobes, these data facilitate the power analysis for sample size needed to detect the expected relative increase or decrease in the fraction of CT.

• MeSH
• játra anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• pojivová tkáň anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• informatika MeSH
• software MeSH
• Publikační typ
• příručky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Programování. Software
• NLK Obory
• technika