• MeSH
• paratyreoidea chirurgie   MeSH
• štítná žláza chirurgie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• sborníky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Ortopedie. Chirurgie. Oftalmologie
• NLK Obory
• chirurgie
• otorinolaryngologie

The main goals of this study included the assessment of the level of key competences and training needs of the prevention workforce in European countries, and the examination of participants' characteristic differences in assessing the key competences necessary for prevention work. METHOD: Altogether, 154 respondents from 26 countries completed the online questionnaire. Survey participants were identified via the PubMed database and via the snowball technique. Invitations to complete the survey were transmitted to the participants electronically or by phone. Descriptive analyses and non-parametric tests (Wilcoxon signedrank test and Kruskal-Wallis test) were used to analyze the survey data. RESULTS: The results indicated that basic knowledge of theoretical background and research findings showed the highest levels among the competences the prevention workforce currently possessed, while advocacy of quality prevention was the skill with the lowest perceived level among ten key competences. Comparison between the current levels of key competences and their desired levels suggested a significant gap between the knowledge/ skills gained and those needed in all areas of prevention work, especially in advocacy and funding. The results also indicated that job characteristics, especially job seniority, have some effects on the survey results. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the SPAN survey support the need to invest in prevention education/training. Priority in investment should be given to training prevention workers in advocacy of quality prevention and funding. The results imply that there is a need for the modernization of education in the field of prevention science in Europe.

• MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• kvalita zdravotní péče MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odborná způsobilost statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• preventivní lékařství * statistika a číselné údaje   výchova   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• služby preventivní péče statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• studenti lékařství statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• studium lékařství statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• výuka - hodnocení * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zaměstnání MeSH
• zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe MeSH
• zdravotničtí pracovníci * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zpráva o sobě MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

"The book focuses on the time tested way of "the Socratic method" to teach the key concepts to busy clinical cardiologists, fellows, anesthesiologists and sonographers using a multiple choice question & answer format. The book will emphasize diagnostic interpretation rather than clinical management. This book is comprehensive with chapters ranging from fundamentals to new technologies. The format of each chapter is standardized with 3 types of questions. At the beginning, there are simple Type I questions followed by an answer. Then, Type II questions involving a question associated with a still frame graphic (M-Mode, 2-D or a 3-D) come next and are followed by an answer. Finally, Type III questions are presented involving case studies associated with several questions based on movies and still frames"--Provided by publisher.

• MeSH
• echokardiografie * MeSH
• kardiologie MeSH
• nemoci srdce ultrasonografie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• výukové testy MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• kardiologie
• angiologie
• radiologie, nukleární medicína a zobrazovací metody

A new acanthocepohalan species, Moniliformis saudi sp. n. is described from the desert hedgehog, Paraechinus aethiopicus (Ehrenberg), in central Saudi Arabia. Fourteen other valid species of Moniliformis Travassos, 1915 are recognised. The new species of Moniliformis is distinguished by having a small proboscis (315-520 µm long and 130-208 µm wide) with two apical pores, 14 rows of 8 hooks each and small hooks, thre largest being 25-31 µm long anteriorly. Distinguishing features are incorporated in a dichotomous key to the species of Moniliformis. The description is augmented by scanning electron microscopical (SEM) observation and DNA analysis of nuclear (18S rRNA) and mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase subunit 1; cox1) gene sequences. Attached worms cause extensive damage to the immediate area of attachment in the host intestine. This includes tissue necrosis and blood loss due to damage to capillary beds. Worms also obstruct essential absorbing surfaces.

• MeSH
• DNA helmintů genetika   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• helmintóza parazitologie   patologie   MeSH
• ježkovití parazitologie   MeSH
• Moniliformis anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   genetika   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• střeva parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Saudská Arábie MeSH

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Decision-making in treatment of an acute compartment syndrome is based on clinical assessment, supported by invasive monitoring. Thus, evolving compartment syndrome may require repeated pressure measurements. In suspected cases of potential compartment syndromes clinical assessment alone seems to be unreliable. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a non-invasive application estimating whole compartmental elasticity by ultrasound, which may improve accuracy of diagnostics. MATERIAL AND METHODS In an in-vitro model, using an artificial container simulating dimensions of the human anterior tibial compartment, intracompartmental pressures (p) were raised subsequently up to 80 mm Hg by infusion of saline solution. The compartmental depth (mm) in the cross-section view was measured before and after manual probe compression (100 mm Hg) upon the surface resulting in a linear compartmental displacement (Δd). This was repeated at rising compartmental pressures. The resulting displacements were related to the corresponding intra-compartmental pressures simulated in our model. A hypothesized relationship between pressures related compartmental displacement and the elasticity at elevated compartment pressures was investigated. RESULTS With rising compartmental pressures, a non-linear, reciprocal proportional relation between the displacement (mm) and the intra-compartmental pressure (mm Hg) occurred. The Pearson's coefficient showed a high correlation (r2 = -0.960). The intraobserver reliability value kappa resulted in a statistically high reliability (κ = 0.840). The inter-observer value indicated a fair reliability (κ = 0.640). CONCLUSIONS Our model reveals that a strong correlation between compartmental strain displacements assessed by ultrasound and the intra-compartmental pressure changes occurs. Further studies are required to prove whether this assessment is transferable to human muscle tissue. Determining the complete compartmental elasticity by ultrasound enhancement, this application may improve detection of early signs of potential compartment syndrome. Key words: compartment syndrome, intra-compartmental pressure, non-invasive diagnostic, elasticity measurement, elastography.

• MeSH
• biologické modely * MeSH
• elastografie metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pružnost MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• ROC křivka MeSH
• syndrom předního tibiálního kompartmentu patofyziologie   ultrasonografie   MeSH
• tlak MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Part of the in-depth and practical Pattern Recognition series, Practical Pulmonary Pathology, 3rd Edition, helps you accurately identify and interpret neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the lungs by using a pattern-based approach. Leading diagnosticians in pulmonary pathology guide you from a histological pattern, through the appropriate work-up, around the pitfalls, and to the best diagnosis. Superb, full-color illustrations capture key pathological patterns for a full range of common and rare conditions, and a "visual index" at the beginning of the book directs you to the exact location of in-depth diagnostic guidance. The back of the cover

• MeSH
• plíce * patologie   MeSH
• plicní nemoci * diagnóza   MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• pneumologie a ftizeologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• kolektivní monografie

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY A comparison of the efficacy of central anatomical single-bundle (CASB) reconstruction with that of double-bundle (DB) repair of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in relation to knee stability in anteroposterior translation (APT), internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) of the joint. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 40 patients were evaluated; 20 had ACL reconstruction by the CASB technique using hamstrings and 20 underwent DB repair surgery. The average age was 31.3 years, and the group included 22 men and 18 women with 19 right and 21 left knees. The KT-1000 test was used to assess the amount of APT in the knee and rotational deviations were measured by the Rolimeter. In the DB patients, measurements were performed before surgery (on joints with ACL injury), then after reconstruction of the anteromedial (AM) or the posterolateral (PL) bundle and subsequently after repair of both ACL bundles. The CASB patients were assessed before and after graft insertion. RESULTS The average APT value was 18.5 mm for the pre-operative knees and it fell to 8.9 mm after AM bundle reconstruction. However, when the PL bundle was inserted in the first place, the average APT value was 13.1 mm only. The average values recorded after the DB and CASB reconstructions were 6.1 mm and 9.1 mm, respectively. The average IR range of motion in the pre-operative joints was 18.6 degrees. After AM bundle reconstruction it was 13.9 degrees and after PL bundle repair it was 15.3 degrees. In DB reconstruction the average IR value achieved 10.4 degrees, and in CASB repair surgery it was 13.7 degrees. The average ER range of motion in the pre-operative joints was 17.8 degrees. After AM bundle reconstruction it was 14.5 degrees and after PL bundle repair it was 14.9 degrees. In DB reconstruction the average ER value achieved 11.4 degrees, and in CASB repair surgery it was 14.5 degrees. DISCUSSION Rotational stability of the knee after ACL reconstruction is one of the most important factors in restoring physiological kinematics of the joint after ACL injury. Since there are not many studies comparing knee rotational stability after CASB with that after DB reconstructions, the results presented here may contribute to selecting the optimal method of ACL reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS The results show that, in ACL reconstruction, the DB technique provides better stability to the knee, in both APT and rotation, than the CASB method. The latter has the same effect on knee stability as the presence of the AM bundle alone. When the PL bundle is added, knee stability, in both APT and internal/external rotation, is increased in comparison with central single-bundle ACL repair. Key words:anterior cruciate ligament, navigation, central anatomical single-bundle reconstruction, double-bundle reconstruction.

• MeSH
• chirurgie s pomocí počítače MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kolenní kloub patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ligamentum cruciatum anterius patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nestabilita kloubu etiologie   patologie   patofyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• poranění kolena komplikace   chirurgie   MeSH
• poranění předního zkříženého vazu MeSH
• rekonstrukce předního zkříženého vazu metody   MeSH
• rozsah kloubních pohybů MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Orientační peroperační elektromyostimulace svěračového komplexu (SC) bipolárním Pe?ovým stimulátorem se používá při rekonstrukci anorekta dětí svrozenou anorektální malformací (ARM). Peroperační elektromyografická diagnostika SC dosud nebyla vliteratuře publikována. Cílem studie bylo vypracovat metodu přesného peroperačního měření stimulací vyvolaných odpovědí SC udětí sARM asjejí pomocí určit nejvhodnější způsob celkové anestezie. Použili jsme elektromyografický přístroj Key Point v3.22 (Medtronic). Voperačním poli jsme bipolární elektrodou stimulovali tkáň SC. Odpovědi jsme snímali tenkou koncentrickou jehlovou elektrodou DCN 25. Intenzita stimulace byla 14 mA, trvání stimulu 0,2 ms. Metodu jsme použili u 17 pacientů vprůběhu operace anorektální malformace. Vyšetření jsme časovali dle stadia anestezie: po zahájení anestezie aběhem epidurálního bloku nebo po podání svalového relaxans, obojí valternujícím pořadí. Dosažené výsledky jsme srovnali sojedinělými literárními údaji apotvrdili jejich validitu. Vyhodnocením výsledků jsme popsanou metodu označili jako dostatečně přesnou. Nedepolarizující svalová relaxace významně měnila odpovědi vyvolané stimulací. Proto jsme jako optimální způsob anestezie určili kombinovanou anestezii spoužitím inhalačního anestetika, opiátu aepidurální blokády, avšak svyloučením nedepolarizující svalové relaxace.

Diagnostic perioperative electromyostimulation of the sphincter complex muscles with bipolar Pena stimulator is used for anorectal reconstruction in children with congenital anorectal malformations (ARM). The objective of this study was to develop an accurate technique for perioperative measurement of electromyographic parameters in children with ARM and, consequently, to determine the most suitable method of general anesthesia. A KeyPoint EMG v3.22 (Medtronic) was used. The tissue of the sphincter complex was stimulated with a bipolar electrode and a DCN 25 thin concentric needle electrode was used for recording. Intensity of the stimulation was 14 mA administered over 0.2 ms. The method was used in 17 patients repeatedly during a surgery for anorectal malformation. The examinations were performed at various stages of anesthesia: after induction and during epidural blockade or after administration of a muscle relaxant. The results were compared to scarce data in the lite­rature and confirmed their validity. Through evaluation of the results, the described method was found to be sufficiently accurate. A combination of inhalation anesthesia, opioids and epidural block, with an exclusion of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants, was determined to be the most useful method of anesthesia.

• Klíčová slova
• peroperační elektromyostimulace,
• MeSH
• anální atrézie chirurgie   MeSH
• anální kanál abnormality   chirurgie   MeSH
• anorektální malformace MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• elektrická stimulace metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• elektromyografie metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• kaudální anestezie metody   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci anu chirurgie   vrozené   MeSH
• nemoci rekta chirurgie   vrozené   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• peroperační monitorování metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• zákroky plastické chirurgie metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Glaucoma is the most common neurodegenerative disease and the second most common cause of blindness worldwide after cataract. While the diagnosis of end-stage glaucoma can be made by any physician trained in the use of the ophthalmoscope, it is preferable to diagnose glaucoma at an early stage, when intervention can alter the course of the disease and change the prognosis.Packed with superb illustrations, 'Fast Facts: Glaucoma' is bursting with practical information on the disease, including:• A concise overview of the glaucoma subtypes and their global prevalence• A clear explanation of the pathophysiology alongside what the patient actually experiences• The questions to ask when taking a history• The key elements of a comprehensive eye examination• How to minimize the impact of the disease on the patient and reduce risk factors• The latest medical and surgical treatments• Monitoring of the condition - including detail of follow-up examinations'Fast Facts: Glaucoma' is a highly readable practical reference for all medical and eyecare practitioners, an aid for students and scientists involved in the study of eye disease and a sound overview for anyone interested in this challenging disease.What is Glaucoma? How can it be detected? How can it be treated? 'Fast Facts: Glaucoma' answers all of these questions.Contents:• Definitions and epidemiology• Pathophysiology, natural history and prognosis• Diagnosis and clinical features• Principles of management• Medical treatment• Laser and surgical treatment• Monitoring• Prevention• Useful resources

• MeSH
• glaukom MeSH
• oftalmologie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• příručky MeSH

• NLK Obory
• oftalmologie

"Diagnostic Imaging: Pediatric Neuroradiology, Second Edition is a useful tool for all health professionals involved in ordering, performing, or interpreting imaging studies of the child's brain, head, neck, spinal column, and spinal cord. The book consists of diagnoses of all common disorders of the pediatric nervous system and many that are not common. For each diagnosis, information is included concerning the clinical presentation(s) of affected patients, the best sequences to perform for imaging analysis, what each imaging sequence is expected to show (in both common and uncommon presentations), and examples of images showing the key features. In addition, information is included concerning the pathophysiology and pathology of the disorders being discussed, and some basic information concerning the causative genes (when appropriate). In addition to the diagnoses, the book contains introductory chapters in multiple sections that give background on basic embryology, anatomy, and physiology as well as typical imaging features of normal structures in areas being imaged. Put together, the contents of the book make it useful for readers of many different backgrounds and at nearly all stages of training as well as practicing health professionals. This beautiful second edition comes with Amirsys eBook Advantage, an online and searchable version of the book with linked references. In classic Amirsys style, both print and electronic content is viewable in easy-to-read bulleted lists supported by clearly described images. With a comprehensive overhaul, Diagnostic Imaging: Pediatric Neuroradiology, Second Edition promises to become another classic."--Provided by publisher.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• hlava radiografie   MeSH
• krk radiografie   MeSH
• nemoci centrálního nervového systému * radiografie   MeSH
• neuroradiografie metody   MeSH
• páteř radiografie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• Publikační typ
• atlasy MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• radiologie, nukleární medicína a zobrazovací metody
• neurologie
• pediatrie