Coordinative patterns require experience and learning to be acquired, producing movements that offer efficient solutions to various situations and involving certain degree of variability. This coordination variability implies functionality in movement, but it can be impacted by the type of sport practice from early years. The purpose of this work is to analyze the coordination variability and coordination patterns in a specific action such as single-leg landing in children practicing gymnastics, volleyball and non-sporting children. Thirty children (15 girls) performed 10 successful trials of single-leg landing from a height of 25 cm. A motion capture system (9 cameras) was used to capture 3D thigh and shank kinematics. To identify the significant effect of children's groups on coordination and coordination variability during single-leg landing, one-dimensional Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) was used. Regarding the coordination patterns, in the frontal plane, during the attenuation phase of single-leg landing, the control group exhibited a higher frequency of Anti-Phase with proximal dominancy compared to the sport groups (i.e., gymnastics, and volleyball). In addition, in the sagittal plane during the second peak phase, volleyball players exhibited a higher coordination variability than the gymnastics. The children in the control group showed a greater frequency of antiphasic movements, which indicates the influence of training at an early age, being a determining factor in the increase or not of variability.

• MeSH
• bérec fyziologie   MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• gymnastika * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• motorické dovednosti fyziologie   MeSH
• pohyb MeSH
• psychomotorický výkon fyziologie   MeSH
• volejbal * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Although in real life people frequently perform visual search together, in lab experiments this social dimension is typically left out. Here, we investigate individual, collaborative and competitive visual search with visualization of search partners' gaze. Participants were instructed to search a grid of Gabor patches while being eye tracked. For collaboration and competition, searchers were shown in real time at which element the paired searcher was looking. To promote collaboration or competition, points were rewarded or deducted for correct or incorrect answers. Early in collaboration trials, searchers rarely fixated the same elements. Reaction times of couples were roughly halved compared with individual search, although error rates did not increase. This indicates searchers formed an efficient collaboration strategy. Overlap, the proportion of dwells that landed on hexagons that the other searcher had already looked at, was lower than expected from simulated overlap of two searchers who are blind to the behavior of their partner. The proportion of overlapping dwells correlated positively with ratings of the quality of collaboration. During competition, overlap increased earlier in time, indicating that competitors divided space less efficiently. Analysis of the entropy of the dwell locations and scan paths revealed that in the competition condition, a less fixed looking pattern was exhibited than in the collaborate and individual search conditions. We conclude that participants can efficiently search together when provided only with information about their partner's gaze position by dividing up the search space. Competing search exhibited more random gaze patterns, potentially reflecting increased interaction between searchers in this condition.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kompetitivní chování fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• odměna MeSH
• pohyby očí fyziologie   MeSH
• reakční čas MeSH
• sociální chování * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• povrchová elektromyografie, WaterSurface EMG, timing, vodní kolo,
• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• cyklistika fyziologie   MeSH
• dolní končetina fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektromyografie metody   přístrojové vybavení   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• plavecké bazény MeSH
• pohyb fyziologie   MeSH
• psychomotorický výkon fyziologie   MeSH
• svalová kontrakce fyziologie   MeSH
• svaly fyziologie   MeSH
• voda fyziologie   MeSH
• záda fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Photosynthesis in plants and algae relies on the coordinated function of photosystems (PS) I and II. Their efficiency is augmented by finely-tuned light-harvesting proteins (Lhcs) connected to them. The most recent Lhcs (in evolutionary terms), Lhcb6 and Lhcb3, evolved during the transition of plants from water to land and have so far been considered to be an essential characteristic of land plants. We used single particle electron microscopy and sequence analysis to study architecture and composition of PSII supercomplex from Norway spruce and related species. We have found that there are major land plant families that lack functional lhcb6 and lhcb3 genes, which notably changes the organization of PSII supercomplexes. The Lhcb6 and Lhcb3 proteins have been lost in the gymnosperm genera Picea and Pinus (family Pinaceae) and Gnetum (Gnetales). We also revealed that the absence of these proteins in Norway spruce modifies the PSII supercomplex in such a way that it resembles its counterpart in the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, an evolutionarily older organism. Our results break a deep-rooted concept of Lhcb6 and Lhcb3 proteins being the essential characteristic of land plants, and beg the question of what the evolutionary benefit of their loss could be.

• MeSH
• biologická evoluce * MeSH
• fotosystém II (proteinový komplex) metabolismus   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• podjednotky proteinů chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• rostlinné geny MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• sekvenční homologie aminokyselin MeSH
• světlosběrné proteinové komplexy metabolismus   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• vyšší rostliny metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• organizace a řízení MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH

Jedná se o případovou studii, která se zabývá komparativní analýzou elektromyografické aktivity vybraných svalů při chůzi na suchu a ve vodě u probanda s Parkinsonovou nemocí. Proband, muž ve věku 67 let, jemuž byla Parkinsonova nemoc diagnostikována ve věku 56 let. Pomocí povrchové elektromyografie byla hodnocena svalová aktivita m. tibialis anterior, m. gastrocnemius, m. rectus femoris, m. biceps femoris a mm. erectores spinae v úrovni TH/L přechodu. Získaný elektromyografický signál byl rektifikován a poté hodnocen normalizovaný stupeň svalové aktivity při chůzi na suchu a ve vodě. Výsledky poukázaly na shodnou normalizovanou aktivitu sledovaných svalů ve vodním prostředí a nebyl prokázán pozitivní vliv vodního prostředí při rehabilitaci, zvláště posilování svalů u pacientů s Parkinsonovou nemocí. Zjištění vypovídají o trvalém vlivu patologického centrálního programu provázející Parkinsonovu nemoc, u kterého pak nedochází ke změně koordinačního vzorce typického pro pohyb ve vodním prostředí. Klíčová slova: chůze, Parkinsonova nemoc, vodní prostředí, povrchová elektromyografie, WaS EMG

This case study compares electromyographic activity of specific muscles during walking on dry land and in water. Subject male, aged 67 was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease at the age of 56 years. A surface EMG was used to measure muscle activity in the m. tibialis anterior, m. gastrocnemius, m. rectus femoris, m. biceps femoris and mm. erectors spinae at the TH/L level. The resultant EMG signal was rectified and then the normalized muscle activity level was evaluated for walking on dry land and in water. Results showed identical normalized activity of monitored muscles in the water environment, which indicates a permanent effect of the pathological central program accompanying Parkinson's disease, where the coordination pattern typical for the water environment fails to occur.. Keywords: walking/gait, Parkinson's disease, water environment, surface EMG, WaS EMG

• MeSH
• chůze (způsob) fyziologie   MeSH
• chůze * fyziologie   MeSH
• elektrody MeSH
• elektromyografie využití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neurologické poruchy chůze * patologie   rehabilitace   MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc * komplikace   patologie   rehabilitace   MeSH
• plavání MeSH
• pohybová aktivita MeSH
• pohybové poruchy rehabilitace   MeSH
• sběr dat MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• svalová rigidita rehabilitace   MeSH
• svaly fyziologie   MeSH
• terapie cvičením metody   MeSH
• výzkum MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the impact of SportsMetrics programs on knee and ankle kinematics, as well as knee-ankle coupling responses during double leg landings among female athletes with dynamic knee valgus (ligament dominance). METHODS: Eighty-four female athletes, including 30 volleyball players, 30 basketball players, and 24 soccer players, were randomly divided into two equal training (TG) and a control groups (CG). The TG underwent 18 sessions of SportsMetrics exercises, while the CG maintained their regular exercise routine. Dynamic knee valgus, lower limb kinematics, and coordination were assessed using the double leg squat and landing error scoring system tests. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures encompassed knee sagittal and frontal kinematics, ankle sagittal kinematics, as well as knee-ankle coordination and its variability. RESULTS: Significant reduction in knee range of motion in the frontal plane was observed across all three sports during landing. The SportsMetrics program tailored for basketball players led to a specific increase in knee flexion. CONCLUSION: The implementation of SportsMetrics effectively modifies ACL injury risk factors, addressing dynamic knee valgus and landing techniques in female athletes. Female athletes displaying dynamic knee valgus are advised to incorporate sport-specific SportsMetrics programs into their training regimens for optimal results.

• MeSH
• basketbal fyziologie   MeSH
• biomechanika fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fotbal fyziologie   MeSH
• hlezenní kloub * fyziologie   MeSH
• kolenní kloub * fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• poranění předního zkříženého vazu patofyziologie   MeSH
• rozsah kloubních pohybů * fyziologie   MeSH
• sportovci MeSH
• volejbal fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

Agricultural land abandonment is recognized as a major environmental threat in Europe, being particularly pronounced in south-eastern Europe, where knowledge on its effects is limited. Taking the Balkan Peninsula as a case study, we investigated agricultural abandonment impact on passerine communities at regional level. We set up a standard methodology for site selection (70 sites) and data collection, along a well-defined forest-encroachment gradient that reflects land abandonment in four countries: Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia and Greece. Regardless the different socio-economic and political histories in the Balkans that led to diverse land abandonment patterns in space and time, rural abandonment had a consistent negative effect on bird communities, while regional-level analysis revealed patterns that were hidden at local level. The general trends were an increase of forest-dwelling bird species at the expense of farmland birds, the decline of overall bird species richness, as well as the decline of Species of European Conservation Concern (SPECs) richness and abundance. Many farmland bird species declined with land abandonment, whereas few forest species benefited from the process. In conclusion, our results support CAP towards hampering rural land abandonment and preserving semi-open rural mosaics in remote upland areas, using a suite of management measures carefully tailored to local needs. The maintenance of traditional rural landscapes should be prioritized in the Balkans, through the timely identification of HNV farmland that is most prone to abandonment. We also suggest that coordinated transnational research is needed, for a better assessment of conservation options in remote rural landscapes at European scale, including the enhancement of wild grazers' populations as an alternative in areas where traditional land management is rather unlikely to be re-established.

• MeSH
• biodiverzita MeSH
• lesy MeSH
• ptáci * MeSH
• zachování přírodních zdrojů MeSH
• zemědělství * MeSH
• životní prostředí * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Albánie MeSH
• Bulharsko MeSH
• Chorvatsko MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• Řecko MeSH
• východní Evropa MeSH

Spatial navigation attracts the attention of neuroscientists as an animal analogue of human declarative memory. The Carousel maze is a dry-land navigational paradigm, which proved to be useful in studying neurobiological substrates of learning. The task involves avoidance of a stable sector on a rotating arena and is highly dependent upon the hippocampus. The present study aims at testing hypothesis that sulpiride (a centrally-active dopamine D2-like receptor antagonist) and propranolol (a beta-blocker) impair spatial learning in the Carousel maze after combined systemic administration. These doses were previously shown to be subthreshold in this task. Results showed that both substances affected behavior and significantly potentiated their negative effects on spatial learning. This suggests central interaction of both types of receptors in influencing acquisition of this dynamic-environment task.

• MeSH
• antagonisté dopaminu D2 MeSH
• antagonisté dopaminu aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• beta blokátory aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• bludiště - učení účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• potkani Long-Evans MeSH
• propranolol aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• prostorové chování účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• psychomotorický výkon účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• receptory dopaminu D2 fyziologie   MeSH
• sulpirid aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• synergismus léků MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• kojenecká mortalita MeSH
• odumření plodu MeSH
• organizace a řízení MeSH
• perinatologie MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH