• MeSH
• farmacie MeSH
• terminologie jako téma MeSH
• Publikační typ
• biografie MeSH
• historické články MeSH

• O autorovi
• Galénos, 129-asi 216 Autorita

• Publikační typ
• abstrakty MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

• MeSH
• feochromocytom MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH

• MeSH
• kognice účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methamfetamin aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• poruchy spojené s užíváním amfetaminu patofyziologie   MeSH
• stimulanty centrálního nervového systému aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• translační biomedicínský výzkum organizace a řízení   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• úvodníky MeSH

Cílem práce bylo zavedení molekulární real-time PCR metodiky doporučené CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) pro účely detekce bakterií Neisseria menin­gitidis, Haemophilus influenzae a Streptococcus pneumoniae v klinických (kultivačně negativních) vzorcích při podezření na invazivní bakteriální onemocnění. Klinické vzorky jsou zasílány do NRL pro meningokokové nákazy Oddělení bakteriálních vzdušných nákaz CEM SZÚ z různých regionů České republiky. Jedná se především o likvor, nesrážlivou krev či sérum, výjimečně sekční materiál. NRL má zavedenou ­mo­lekulární diagnostiku těchto bakteriálních původců menigi­tid a sepsí z klinických vzorků již od roku 1999. Původně se jednalo o seminested polymerázovou řetězovou reakci s elektroforetickým vyhodnocením. V roce 2014 byla implementována molekulární metoda real-time PCR s kvalitativním hodnocením.

The study aim was to implement a molecular real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay recommended by the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) for the detection of Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae in clinical (culture negative) specimens from patients with suspected invasive bacterial disease. Clinical specimens are referred to the National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for Meningococcal Infections, Unit for Airborne Bacterial Infections, Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health from various regions of the Czech Republic. Clinical specimens are, in particular, cerebrospinal fluid, anti-coagulated blood or serum and, exceptionally, post-mortem specimens. The NRL has implemented molecular diagnosis of these bacterial pathogens involved in meningitis and sepsis from clinical specimens since 1999. The first diagnostic method was semi-nested PCR followed by electrophoretic analysis. In 2014, a molecular qualitative real-time PCR assay was implemented.

• MeSH
• DNA bakterií analýza   MeSH
• Haemophilus influenzae * genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Neisseria meningitidis * genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí využití   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• Streptococcus pneumoniae * genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Binge-drinking is very prevalent and potentially harmful, yet very little is known about the specificity of its effects on behavior and the underlying neurophysiologic mechanisms. While it is generally accepted that alcohol impairs top-down cognitive control and conflict monitoring, it has remained unclear whether this also applies to subliminally triggered conflicts, as alcohol may not impair automated processes to the same extent. To investigate this, we used a within-subjects design in a sample of n = 22 healthy young male subjects who performed a complex response conflict paradigm while an EEG was recorded. Behavioral data showed that a binge-like intoxication of 1.1‰ increased the response conflict induced by consciously perceived flankers, but paradoxically decreased the response conflict induced by subliminal primes. The latter was found to be reflected in decreased amplitude differences in the visual N1, which reflects attentional aspects of stimulus processing, and the N2 as well as a following central negativity, which are thought to reflect conflict monitoring and cognitive effort. On the neuroanatomical level, we found the decrease in subliminally induced response conflicts to be based on changes in fronto-parietal networks (including BA 7/the precuneus, BA 40/the postcentral gyrus, BA 23 & 24/the cingulate cortex and BA 13/the insular cortex) that subserve attention allocation, the processing of complex stimuli and cognitive conflict. It can be concluded that alcohol intoxication paradoxically reduces subliminally triggered response conflicts, which may be caused by decreased allocation of attention towards less salient/noticeable stimuli.

• MeSH
• alkoholické nápoje škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektroencefalografie MeSH
• kognice účinky léků   MeSH
• konflikt (psychologie) * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mozek účinky léků   MeSH
• nárazové pití alkoholu komplikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

There is still a considerable need for development of new tools and methods detecting specific viral proteins for the diagnosis and pathogenesis study of the Yellow fever virus (YFV). This study aimed to develop and characterize polyclonal peptide antisera for detection of YFV-C and -NS1 proteins. The antisera were used further to investigate NS1 protein expression during YFV infection in mammalian cells. YFV target proteins were detected by all antisera in western blot and immunofluorescence assays. No cross-reactivity was observed with Dengue virus, West Nile virus, Tick-borne encephalitis virus and Japanese encephalitis virus. Nuclear localization of the YFV-C protein was demonstrated for the first time. Experiments investigating NS1 expression suggested a potential use of the YFV-NS1 antisera for development of diagnostic approaches targeting the secreted form of the NS1 protein. The antisera described in this study offer new possibilities for use in YFV research and for the development of novel diagnostic tests.

• MeSH
• antigeny virové analýza   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• buněčné jádro chemie   virologie   MeSH
• Cercopithecus aethiops MeSH
• diagnostické testy rutinní metody   MeSH
• fluorescenční protilátková technika MeSH
• králíci MeSH
• morčata MeSH
• peptidy izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• protilátky virové imunologie   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• Vero buňky MeSH
• virologie metody   MeSH
• virové nestrukturální proteiny analýza   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• virové plášťové proteiny analýza   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• virus žluté zimnice imunologie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• western blotting MeSH
• zkřížené reakce MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci MeSH
• morčata MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Cognitive flexibility is a major requirement for successful behavior. nNeural oscillations in the alpha frequency band were repeatedly associated with cognitive flexibility in task-switching paradigms. Alpha frequencies are modulated by working memory load and are used to process information during task switching, however we do not know how this oscillatory network communication is modulated. In order to understand the mechanisms that drive cognitive flexibility, ERPs, oscillatory power and how the communication within these networks is organized are of importance. The EEG data show that during phases reflecting preparatory processes to pre-activate task sets, alpha oscillatory power but not the small world properties of the alpha network architecture was modulated. During the switching only the N2 ERP component showed clear modulations. After the response, alpha oscillatory power reinstates and therefore seems to be important to deactivate or maintain the previous task set. For these reactive control processes the network architecture in terms of small-world properties is modulated. Effects of memory load on small-world aspects were seen in repetition trials, where small-world properties were higher when memory processes were relevant. These results suggest that the alpha oscillatory network becomes more small-world-like when reactive control processes during task switching are less complex.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektroencefalografie * MeSH
• evokované potenciály MeSH
• kognice fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mapování mozku MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• paměť fyziologie   MeSH
• reakční čas MeSH
• zdraví dobrovolníci pro lékařské studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The effects of high-dose ethanol intoxication on cognitive flexibility processes are not well understood, and processes related to hangover after intoxication have remained even more elusive. Similarly, it is unknown in how far the complexity of cognitive flexibility processes is affected by intoxication and hangover effects. We performed a neurophysiological study applying high density electroencephalography (EEG) recording to analyze event-related potentials (ERPs) and perform source localization in a task switching paradigm which varied the complexity of task switching by means of memory demands. The results show that high-dose ethanol intoxication only affects task switching (i.e. cognitive flexibility processes) when memory processes are required to control task switching mechanisms, suggesting that even high doses of ethanol compromise cognitive processes when they are highly demanding. The EEG and source localization data show that these effects unfold by modulating response selection processes in the anterior cingulate cortex. Perceptual and attentional selection processes as well as working memory processes were only unspecifically modulated. In all subprocesses examined, there were no differences between the sober and hangover states, thus suggesting a fast recovery of cognitive flexibility after high-dose ethanol intoxication. We assume that the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) system accounts for the observed effects, while they can hardly be explained by the dopaminergic system.

• MeSH
• cingulární gyrus fyziologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• dechové testy MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektroencefalografie MeSH
• evokované potenciály fyziologie   MeSH
• GABA MeSH
• kognice fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mozek fyziologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• nervový přenos fyziologie   MeSH
• otrava alkoholem patofyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• plnění a analýza úkolů MeSH
• pozornost MeSH
• reakční čas MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH