AIMS: An effective decontamination procedure of personnel wearing personal protective equipment is required by CBRN responders and healthcare workers when dealing with biological warfare agents or natural outbreaks caused by highly contagious pathogens. This study aimed to identify critical factors affecting the efficacy of peracetic acid (PAA)-based disinfectants and products containing either hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite under the same conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS: The influence of concentration, application (contact) time, erroneous human behaviour, interfering substance, technical assets and weather conditions on disinfection efficacy against Bacillus subtilis spores were assessed in 14 experimental groups. Residual contamination of protective suits was measured to provide responders with readily understandable information (up to 100 colony forming units classified a suit as disinfected). Weather conditions, short application time and erroneous human behaviour substantially affected the effectiveness of PAAs (P < 0·05). Non-PAA-based disinfectants (either liquid or foam) did not reach comparable efficacy (P < 0·001). CONCLUSIONS: Peracetic acid was effective at a concentration of 6400-8200 ppm and an application time of 4 min. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The study provides operationally relevant data for the use of PAA-based disinfectants in preparedness planning and management of biological incidents and natural outbreaks.

• MeSH
• dekontaminace * MeSH
• dezinfekce MeSH
• dezinficiencia * farmakologie   MeSH
• kyselina peroctová * farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osobní ochranné prostředky * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• peroxid vodíku farmakologie   MeSH
• spory bakteriální MeSH
• zdravotnický personál MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Peracetic acid (PAA) is a powerful disinfectant recently adopted as a therapeutic agent in aquaculture. A concentration of 10 mg L(-1) PAA effectively suppresses zoospores of Aphanomyces astaci, the agent of crayfish plague. To aid in establishing safe therapeutic guideline, the effects of PAA on treated crayfish were investigated through assessment of histological changes and oxidative damage. Adult female signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus (n = 135) were exposed to 2 mg L(-1) and 10 mg L(-1) of PAA for 7 days followed by a 7 day recovery period in clean water. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly lower in gill and hepatopancreas after three days exposure to 10 mg L(1) PAA than in the group treated with 2 mg L(-1) PAA and a control in only clean water. Catalase activity in gill and hepatopancreas remained unaffected by both exposures. Glutathione reductase was significantly decreased in gill of 10 mg L(-1) PAA treated crayfish and increased in group exposed to 2 mg L(-1) compared to control after 7 days exposure. Antioxidant enzyme activity in exposed groups returned to control values after recovery period. Gill, hepatopancreas, and antennal gland showed slight damage in crayfish treated with 2 mg L(-1) of PAA compared to the control group. The extent and frequency of histological alterations were more pronounced in animals exposed to 10 mg L(-1). The gill was the most affected organ, infiltrated by granular hemocytes and displaying malformations of lamella tips and disorganization of epithelial cells. After a 7 day recovery period, the infiltrating cells in affected tissues of the exposed crayfish began to return to normal levels. Results suggested that the given concentrations could be applied to signal crayfish against crayfish plague agent in aquaculture; however, further studies are required for safe use.

• MeSH
• dezinficiencia toxicita   MeSH
• glutathionreduktasa metabolismus   MeSH
• hepatopankreas účinky léků   enzymologie   patologie   MeSH
• katalasa metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina peroctová toxicita   MeSH
• oxidancia toxicita   MeSH
• severní raci anatomie a histologie   účinky léků   enzymologie   MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa metabolismus   MeSH
• tykadla členovců účinky léků   patologie   MeSH
• žábry účinky léků   enzymologie   patologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The paper presents a comparative study of the pulsatile attenuation amplitude (PAA) within the optic nerve head (ONH) at four different areas calculated from retinal video sequences and its relevance to the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) changes in normal subjects and patients with different stages of glaucoma. The proposed methodology utilizes processing of retinal video sequences acquired by a novel video ophthalmoscope. The PAA parameter measures the amplitude of heartbeat-modulated light attenuation in retinal tissue. Correlation analysis between PAA and RNFL is performed in vessel-free locations of the peripapillary region with the proposed evaluating patterns: 360° circular area, temporal semi-circle, nasal semi-circle. For comparison, the full ONH area is also included. Various positions and sizes of evaluating patterns in peripapillary region were tested which resulted in different outputs of correlation analysis. The results show significant correlation between PAA and RNFL thickness calculated in proposed areas. The highest correlation coefficient Rtemp = 0.557 (p<0.001) reflects the highest PAA-RNFL correspondence in the temporal semi-circular area, compared to the lowest value in the nasal semi-circular area (Rnasal = 0.332, p<0.001). Furthermore, the results indicate the most relevant approach to calculate PAA from the acquired video sequences is using a thin annulus near the ONH center. Finally, the paper shows the proposed photoplethysmographic principle based on innovative video ophthalmoscope can be used to analyze changes in retinal perfusion in peripapillary area and can be potentially used to assess progression of the RNFL deterioration.

• MeSH
• discus nervi optici * MeSH
• glaukom * diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nervová vlákna MeSH
• optická koherentní tomografie metody   MeSH
• retinální gangliové buňky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit unique physicochemical properties, making these nanomaterials attractive for various medical applications. Among them, AgNPs have shown great potential in the treatment of cancer by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, inhibiting tumor growth, and enhancing the efficacy of conventional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Despite the promising therapeutical advantage of AgNPs, there are several challenges that need to be addressed. One of the most important is AgNPs' toxicity, which in case of treatment might be extended to non-cancerous cells and tissues. In our study, we therefore investigated the effects of spherical AgNPs with the silver core size of 10, 30, and 45 nm coated with polyacrylic acid (PAA-AgNPs) in an in vitro model using cancer (A549) and non-cancer (HEL299) cells. We estimated the impact of these nanoparticles on cell viability, cell proliferation, and cell actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Moreover, changes in the expression of TNFA, IL-10, FN1, and SOD1 mRNA induced by PAA-AgNPs were determined. Our results suggest that the smallest (10 nm) PAA-AgNPs are the most effective in apoptosis induction, however, they are also the most toxic from the three AgNPs types to both, cancer and non-cancer cells, while bigger (30 and 45 nm) PAA-AgNPs showed fewer undesirable effects in these pulmonary cells.

• MeSH
• apoptóza MeSH
• kovové nanočástice * chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory plic * farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• plíce metabolismus   MeSH
• stříbro farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Biological aging reflects a decline in the functions and integrity of the human body that is closely related to chronological aging. A variety of biomarkers have been found to predict biological age. Biological age higher than chronological age (biological age acceleration) indicates an accelerated state of biological aging and a higher risk of premature morbidity and mortality. This study investigated how socioeconomic disadvantages influence biological aging. METHODS: The data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) IV, including 10 nationally representative cross-sectional surveys between 1999-2018, were utilized. The analytic sample consisted of N = 48,348 individuals (20-84 years). We used a total of 11 biomarkers for estimating the biological age. Our main outcome was biological age acceleration, indexed by PhenoAge acceleration (PAA) and Klemera-Doubal biological age acceleration (KDM-A). Poverty was measured as a ratio of family income to the poverty thresholds defined by the U.S. Census Bureau, adjusted annually for inflation and family size (5 categories). The PAA and KDM-A were regressed on poverty levels, age, their interaction, education, sex, race, and a data collection wave. Sample weights were used to make the estimates representative of the U.S. adult population. RESULTS: The results showed that higher poverty was associated with accelerated biological aging (PAA: unstandardized coefficient B = 1.38 p <.001, KDM: B = 0.96, p = .026 when comparing the highest and the lowest poverty level categories), above and beyond other covariates. The association between PAA and KDM-A and age was U-shaped. Importantly, there was an interaction between poverty levels and age (p <.001), as the effect of poverty was most pronounced in middle-aged categories while it was modest in younger and elderly groups. CONCLUSION: In a nationally representative US adult population, we found that higher poverty was positively associated with the acceleration of biological age, particularly among middle-aged persons.

• MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• chudoba * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stárnutí * MeSH
• výživa - přehledy MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The effect of smear layer-deproteinizing pretreatment using hypochlorous acid (HOCl) on the micro-shear bond strengths (μSBS) of conventional and resin-modified glass-ionomer cements (GIC) to dentin was investigated and compared with demineralizing pretreatment with polyacrylic acid (PAA). Three GICs: Fuji IX GP Extra (restorative conventional GIC), GC Fuji II LC EM (restorative resin-modified GIC), and GC Fuji Luting EX (luting resin-modified GIC), were used. One hundred fifty human molars were divided into groups (n = 10) according to the cements and dentin pretreatments; no pretreatment (control), 10 s PAA pretreatment, and HOCl pretreatment for 5, 15, or 30 s. After 24 h, μSBS was tested and the data were statistically analyzed using a two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. HOCl pretreatment significantly increased μSBS of conventional GIC compared to the control group. For resin-modified restorative GIC, 5 s HOCl deproteinization significantly increased μSBS, while longer application times did not. There was no significant difference between HOCl-pretreated and control groups of resin-modified luting GIC. PAA pretreatment increased the μSBS of all cements significantly. In conclusion, smear layer deproteinization with HOCl can enhance the dentin bonding of conventional GIC. However, the residual radicals may adversely affect the polymerization of resin-modified GICs.

• MeSH
• dentin MeSH
• kyselina chlorná MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pryskyřičné cementy MeSH
• skloionomerní cementy MeSH
• složené pryskyřice MeSH
• smear layer * MeSH
• testování materiálů MeSH
• vazba zubní * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Úvod: Nejčastějším místem pro tvorbu aneurysmatu periferní tepny je popliteální tepna (PA). Klinické projevy aneurysmatu popliteální tepny (PAA) sahají od zjištění asymptomatické pulsatilní popliteální rezistence při rutinním fyzikálním vyšetření až po akutní ischemii ohrožující končetiny. Prezentace případu: Představujeme případ 71letého pacienta se 100m klaudikačním intervalem na levé dolní končetině, s hmatnou pulsující rezistencí v levé podkolenní jamce. Na základě výsledků CT angiografie bylo diagnostikováno aneurysma proximální popliteální tepny. Pro resekci aneurysmatu byl použit dorzální přístup. Aneurysma bylo pečlivě vypreparováno mezi svaly m. semimembranosus a m. biceps femoris. Cévní svorky byly umístěny nad proximální PAA na distální arteria femoralis superficialis (DSFA) a na popliteální tepnu mezi segmenty PA1-PA2. Aneurysma bylo odstraněno a byla provedena chirurgická revaskularizace s konečnou anastomózou na DSFA a proximální PA pomocí vaskulární protézy 7 mm polyethylentereftalátu. Pacient byl propuštěn třetí pooperační den bez jakýchkoli komplikací s průchodnou cévní rekonstrukcí a hmatatelnými periferními pulsacemi. Pacient zůstává s průchodnou cévní rekonstrukcí čtyři měsíce po operaci bez ultrasonografických známek stenózy. Závěr: Otevřená chirurgická resekce zůstává zlatým standardem v léčbě PAA s lepšími dlouhodobými výsledky než endovaskulární techniky. Nové endovaskulární techniky se však stávají sofistikovanějšími, což nám umožňuje používat tyto endovaskulární modality jako alternativní možnost léčby u vybraných pacientů

Introduction: The most frequent site for true peripheral artery aneurysm formation is the popliteal artery (PA). The clinical presentation of popliteal artery aneurysm (PAA) ranges from the finding of an asymptomatic pulsatile popliteal mass on routine physical examination to acute limb-threatening ischaemia. Case presentation: We are presenting a case of a 71-year-old male patient with 100 m claudication interval on the left lower extremity, with a palpable pulsating circular resistance in the left popliteal fossa. Based on CT angiography results, the patient was diagnosed with a proximal popliteal artery aneurysm. A posterior approach was used for the dissection of the aneurysm. The aneurysm was carefully dissected between semimembranosus and biceps femoris muscles. Vascular cross-clamps were placed above the proximal PAA on the distal superficial femoral artery (DSFA) and below on the popliteal artery between PA1 and PA2 segments. The aneurysm was removed, and surgical revascularisation with end-to-end anastomosis to the DSFA and proximal PA was performed with a 7 mm polyethylene-terephthalate vascular prosthesis. The patient was discharged on the third postoperative day without any complications with patent vascular graft and palpable crural arteries. The patient remains with a patent prosthetic graft 4 months after the surgery without any ultrasonographic signs of stenosis. Conclusion: Up-to-date, open surgical resection remains a gold standard in the treatment of PAA with superior long-term results over endovascular techniques. Nevertheless, new endovascular techniques are becoming more sophisticated, allowing us to use these endovascular modalities as an alternative treatment option in selected patients.

A novel phenylacetic acid (PAA)-induced CoA-ligase-encoding gene, designated as phlC, has been cloned from penicillin-producing fungus Penicillium chrysogenum. The open reading frame of phlC cDNA was 1671 bp and encoded a 556 amino acid residues protein with the consensus AMP binding site and a peroxisomal targeting signal 1 on its C terminus. The deduced amino acid sequence showed 37% and 38% identity with characterized P. chrysogenum Phl and PhlB protein, respectively. Functional recombinant PhlC protein was overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant enzyme was capable to convert PAA into its corresponding CoA ester with a specific activity of 129.5 ± 3.026 pmol/min per mg protein. Similar to Phl and PhlB, PhlC displayed broad substrate spectrum and showed higher activities to medium- and long-chain fatty acids. The catalytic properties of PhlC have been determined and compared to those of Phl and PhlB.

• MeSH
• acetylkoenzym A biosyntéza   MeSH
• Escherichia coli genetika   MeSH
• fenylacetáty metabolismus   MeSH
• klonování DNA MeSH
• koenzym A-ligasy chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• Penicillium chrysogenum enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• sekvenční seřazení MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Based on our previously developed mono-color video-ophthalmoscope a multi-color video-ophthalmoscope was developed. Using narrow band transmission filters, this instrument allows to measure the pulsatile cardiac cycle induced blood volume changes in the human retina for any wavelength in the sensitivity range of the used CMOS-camera. In this key experiment, video sequences (8 s, 25 fps, 200 frames) of the optic nerve head (ONH) were acquire for seven wavelengths between 475 nm and 677 nm one after the other. After image registration of all frames of each video sequence (to compensate for eye movements) and trend correction (to compensate for slow intensity changes), the amplitude of the cardiac cycle induced light intensity changes (pulsatile absorption amplitude PAA) can be calculated for all seven wavelengths. The results confirmed that the spectral distribution of PAA (λ) follows the distribution of the light absorption of blood. The measured values correspond to the absorption of a thin blood layer of about 0.5 μm thickness.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Assessment of retinal blood flow inside the optic nerve head (ONH) and the peripapillary area is an important task in retinal imaging. For this purpose, an experimental binocular video ophthalmoscope that acquires precisely synchronized video sequences of the optic nerve head and peripapillary area from both eyes has been previously developed. It enables to compare specific characteristics of both eyes and efficiently detect the eye asymmetry. In this paper, we describe a novel methodology for the analysis of acquired video data using a photoplethysmographic approach. We describe and calculate the pulsatile attenuation amplitude (PAA) spatial map, which quantifies the maximum relative change of blood volume during a cardiac cycle using a frequency domain approach. We also describe in detail the origin of PAA maps from the fundamental (the first) and the second harmonic component of the pulsatile signal, and we compare the results obtained by time-based and frequency-based approaches. In several cases, we show the advantages and possibilities of this device and the appropriate image analysis approach - fast measurement and comparison of blood flow characteristics of both eyes at a glance, the robustness of this approach, and the possibility of easy detection of asymmetry.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH