Phenanthrene
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The microbial diversity and functioning around oceanic islands is poorly described, despite its importance for ecosystem homeostasis. Here, we aimed to verify the occurrence of microbe-driven phenanthrene co-oxidation in the seawater surrounding the Trindade Island (Brazil). We also used Next-Generation Sequencing to evaluate the effects of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on these microbial community assemblies. Microcosms containing seawater from the island enriched with either labelled (9-14C) or non-labelled phenanthrene together with hexadecane, weathered oil, fluoranthene or pyrene, and combinations of these compounds were incubated. Biodegradation of phenanthrene-9-14C was negatively affected in the presence of weathered oil and PAHs but increased in the presence of hexadecane. PAH contamination caused shifts in the seawater microbial community-from a highly diverse one dominated by Alphaproteobacteria to less diverse communities dominated by Gammaproteobacteria. Furthermore, the combination of PAHs exerted a compounded negative influence on the microbial community, reducing its diversity and thus functional capacity of the ecosystem. These results advance our understanding of bacterial community dynamics in response to contrasting qualities of hydrocarbon contamination. This understanding is fundamental in the application and monitoring of bioremediation strategies if accidents involving oil spillages occur near Trindade Island and similar ecosystems.
- MeSH
- alkany MeSH
- Alphaproteobacteria účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace účinky léků genetika metabolismus MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- fenantreny metabolismus MeSH
- Gammaproteobacteria účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
- metagenomika MeSH
- mikrobiální společenstva účinky léků genetika fyziologie MeSH
- mořská voda mikrobiologie MeSH
- ostrovy MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky farmakologie MeSH
- pyreny MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S metabolismus MeSH
- uhlovodíky škodlivé účinky MeSH
- vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování MeSH
- znečištění ropou škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Brazílie MeSH
- ostrovy MeSH
In this study, we conducted an extensive investigation of the biodegradation capabilities and stress response of the newly isolated strain Pseudomonas veronii SM-20 in order, to assess its potential for bioremediation of sites contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Initially, phenotype microarray technology demonstrated the strain's proficiency in utilizing various carbon sources and its resistance to certain stressors. Genomic analysis has identified numerous genes involved in aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism. Biodegradation assay analyzed the depletion of phenanthrene (PHE) when it was added as a sole carbon and energy source. We found that P. veronii strain SM-20 degraded approximately 25% of PHE over a 30-day period, starting with an initial concentration of 600 μg/mL, while being utilized for growth. The degradation process involved PHE oxidation to an unstable arene oxide and 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, followed by ring-cleavage. Comparative proteomics provided a comprehensive understanding of how the entire proteome responded to PHE exposure, revealing the strain's adaptation in terms of aromatic metabolism, surface properties, and defense mechanism. In conclusion, our findings shed light on the promising attributes of P. veronii SM-20 and offer valuable insights for the use of P. veronii species in environmental restoration efforts targeting PAH-impacted sites.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Artificial soil (AS) is used in soil ecotoxicology as a test medium or reference matrix. AS is prepared according to standard OECD/ISO protocols and components of local sources are usually used by laboratories. This may result in significant inter-laboratory variations in AS properties and, consequently, in the fate and bioavailability of tested chemicals. In order to reveal the extent and sources of variations, the batch equilibrium method was applied to measure the sorption of 2 model compounds (phenanthrene and cadmium) to 21 artificial soils from different laboratories. The distribution coefficients (Kd) of phenanthrene and cadmium varied over one order of magnitude: from 5.3 to 61.5L/kg for phenanthrene and from 17.9 to 190L/kg for cadmium. Variations in phenanthrene sorption could not be reliably explained by measured soil properties; not even by the total organic carbon (TOC) content which was expected. Cadmium logKd values significantly correlated with cation exchange capacity (CEC), pHH2O and pHKCl, with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.62, 0.80, and 0.79, respectively. CEC and pHH2O together were able to explain 72% of cadmium logKd variability in the following model: logKd=0.29pHH2O+0.0032 CEC -0.53. Similarly, 66% of cadmium logKd variability could be explained by CEC and pHKCl in the model: logKd=0.27pHKCl+0.0028 CEC -0.23. Variable cadmium sorption in differing ASs could be partially treated with these models. However, considering the unpredictable variability of phenanthrene sorption, a more reliable solution for reducing the variability of ASs from different laboratories would be better harmonization of AS preparation and composition.
The study is focused on artificial soil which is supposed to be a standardized "soil like" medium. We compared physico-chemical properties and extractability of Phenanthrene from 25 artificial soils prepared according to OECD standardized procedures at different laboratories. A substantial range of soil properties was found, also for parameters which should be standardized because they have an important influence on the bioavailability of pollutants (e.g. total organic carbon ranged from 1.4 to 6.1%). The extractability of Phe was measured by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) at harsh and mild conditions. Highly variable Phe extractability from different soils (3-89%) was observed. The extractability was strongly related (R(2)=0.87) to total organic carbon content, 0.1-2mm particle size, and humic/fulvic acid ratio in the following multiple regression model: SFE (%)=1.35*sand (%)-0.77*TOC (%)2+0.27*HA/FA.
The effect of phenanthrene (Phe) on induction of ethoxyresorufinO-deethylase (EROD) activity and oxidative stress was examined in immune organs of yellowfin seabream Acanthopagrus latus. Fish were treated with a single intraperitoneal injection at 2, 20, or 40 mg kg-1. The Phe concentration in spleen, EROD activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, ascorbic acid (AsA), total glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and protein carbonylation (PC) levels in spleen and head kidney were assessed at one, four, seven, and 14 days post-injection. Dose response relationship was explored for data on day four. Phe concentration reached the highest observed level on day four, showed decline on day seven, and was undetectable at the end of trial. EROD activity in both organs followed the pattern of Phe level in all treated groups. Catalase and SOD activity at low Phe concentrations was significantly higher than controls, while LPO and PC level showed no differences from controls. In contrast, at 20 and 40 mg kg-1, CAT and SOD activity, an indicator of oxidative stress, was significantly lower than in untreated controls, while AsA, GSH, LPO, and PC levels were higher on days 4 and 7. No parameter of any treatment group in either organ tissue showed difference from control values at the end of the experiment. The SOD and CAT activity in both organs exhibited a biphasic (initial stimulatory effect) effect, whereas other parameters showed a monophasic effect in terms of dose-response. Results suggest that Phe induced CYP1A and antioxidant responses in immune organs.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita MeSH
- cytochrom P-450 CYP1A1 metabolismus MeSH
- fenantreny metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- glutathion metabolismus MeSH
- glutathiontransferasa metabolismus MeSH
- karbonylace proteinů MeSH
- katalasa metabolismus MeSH
- ledviny metabolismus MeSH
- mořan zlatý imunologie metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- oxidace-redukce MeSH
- oxidační stres fyziologie MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- superoxiddismutasa metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- chemické znečištění vody škodlivé účinky MeSH
- fenantreny aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- glutathionreduktasa analýza účinky léků MeSH
- glutathiontransferasa analýza účinky léků MeSH
- katalasa analýza účinky léků MeSH
- metabolická inaktivace fyziologie MeSH
- ryby MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
Alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are important environmental pollutants. In the present study, we determined levels of monomethylated naphthalenes (MeNap), phenanthrenes (MePhe), and anthracenes (MeAnt) in Czech river sediments. The levels of MePhe generally were lower than the concentrations of phenanthrene. In contrast, both MeNap and MeAnt were found at levels higher than their respective parent compounds in the majority of sampling sites. We then investigated their aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated activity, accumulation of phosphorylated p53 protein, induction of expression of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), and effects on cell proliferation in rat liver cell models to evaluate the relative importance of these toxicity mechanisms of low-molecular-weight methylated PAHs. Methylated phenanthrene and anthracene compounds were weak inducers of AhR-mediated activity as determined both in a reporter gene assay system and by detection of the endogenous gene (Cyp1a1) induction. 2-Methylphenanthrene was the most potent AhR ligand. Contribution of MeAnt and MePhe to overall AhR-inducing potencies should be taken into account in PAH-contaminated environments. Nevertheless, their effects on AhR were not sufficient to modulate cell proliferation in a normal rat liver progenitor cell model system. These PAHs only had a marginal effect on p53 phosphorylation at high doses of 1-, 3-, and 9-MePhe as well as 1 MeAnt. On the other hand, both 2- and 9-MeAnt as well as all the MePhe under study were efficient inhibitors of GJIC, suggesting that these compounds might act as tumor promoters. In summary, inhibition of GJIC and partial activation of AhR seem to be the most prominent toxic effects of the methylated PAHs in the present study.
- MeSH
- anthraceny toxicita MeSH
- cytochrom P-450 CYP1A1 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- fenantreny toxicita MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- geologické sedimenty chemie MeSH
- játra cytologie patologie MeSH
- karcinogeny toxicita MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí toxicita MeSH
- metylace MeSH
- mezerový spoj metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- nádorový supresorový protein p53 metabolismus MeSH
- naftaleny toxicita MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- receptory aromatických uhlovodíků metabolismus MeSH
- regulace genové exprese fyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- řeky MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
