Picot, F* Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
- MeSH
- agitované chování * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- homeopatie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- materia medica * aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae) has a long history of use by folk populations for the management of multiple human ailments. Based on the published literature, there has been no attempt to conduct a comparative assessment of the biological activity and the phytochemical profiles of the leaves and stem bark of A. leiocarpus extracted using methanol, ethyl acetate, and water. By high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-ESI-MSn) analysis, quinic, shikimic, gallic, and protocatechuic acids were tentatively identified from all the extracts, while chlorogenic, caffeic, ferulic, and dodecanedioic acids were only characterised from the leaves extracts. Additionally, a pharmacological study was carried out to evaluate potential protective effects that are induced by the extracts in rat colon and colon cancer HCT116 cell line. In general, the methanol and water extracts of A. leiocarpus leaves and stem bark showed potent radical scavenging and reducing properties. It was noted that the stem bark extracts were more potent antioxidants as compared to the leaves extracts. The methanol extract of A. leiocarpus leaves showed the highest acetyl (4.68 mg galantamine equivalent/g) and butyryl (4.0 mg galantamine equivalent/g) cholinesterase inhibition. Among ethyl acetate extracts, the pharmacological investigation suggested stem bark ethyl acetate extracts to be the most promising. This extract revealed ability to protect rat colon from lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress, without exerting promoting effects on HCT116 cell line viability and migration. As a conclusion, A. leiocarpus represents a potential source of bioactive compounds in the development of novel therapeutic agents.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficiency (OMIM #614723) is a rare autosomal recessive defect in the purine salvage pathway that causes excessive production of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine, leading to nephrolithiasis and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This case report describes the natural history of CKD in untreated APRT deficiency. We describe a novel APRT mutation (chr16:88877985 G / C; c.195 C>/G; p.His54Asp) presenting with CKD without nephrolithiasis. The patient initially required dialysis, but kidney function improved with allopurinol. We reviewed APRT deficiency reported in the literature to determine the loss of kidney function in individuals with untreated APRT deficiency and its relationship to nephrolithiasis. We identified 95 individuals in whom kidney function was assessed prior to treatment. There was a bimodal distribution of kidney failure. AKI occurred frequently in childhood due to obstructing nephrolithiasis or crystalline nephropathy and was usually reversible. CKD developed after age 20 in all patients irrespective of nephrolithiasis history, with 36/42 patients > 40 years of age having at least stage 3 CKD, and 24/42 having an eGFR > 10 mL/min/1.73m2 or being on dialysis. There were 13 adults without nephrolithiasis and 50 adults with nephrolithiasis. The mean age of end-stage renal diesease (ESRD) was 50.52 +/- 13.9 for those without nephrolithiasis and 43.4 +/- 15.8 years for those with nephrolithiasis (p = 0.24). APRT deficiency is associated with slowly progressive CKD that occurs independently of nephrolithiasis. Diagnosis should be considered in all individuals with chronic tubulointerstitial kidney disease, with or without the presence of nephrolithiasis. In our patient, allopurinol 300 mg/day resulted in improvement of kidney function..
- MeSH
- adeninfosforibosyltransferasa * nedostatek MeSH
- alopurinol terapeutické užití MeSH
- antimetabolity terapeutické užití MeSH
- chronická renální insuficience * etiologie MeSH
- hodnoty glomerulární filtrace MeSH
- intersticiální nefritida etiologie komplikace MeSH
- ledvinové kameny * etiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- urolitiáza * komplikace MeSH
- vrozené poruchy metabolismu * komplikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Automated chyme reinfusion (CR) in patients with intestinal failure (IF) and a temporary double enterostomy (TDE) restores intestinal function and protects against liver injury, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. The aim was to investigate whether the beneficial effects of CR relate to functional recovery of enterohepatic signaling through the bile salt-FGF19 axis. APPROACH AND RESULTS: Blood samples were collected from 12 patients, 3 days before, at start, and 1, 3, 5, and 7 weeks after CR initiation. Plasma FGF19, total bile salts (TBS), 7-α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4; a marker of bile salt synthesis), citrulline (CIT), bile salt composition, liver tests, and nutritional risk indices were determined. Paired small bowel biopsies prior to CR and after 21 days were taken, and genes related to bile salt homeostasis and enterocyte function were assessed. CR induced an increase in plasma FGF19 and decreased C4 levels, indicating restored regulation of bile salt synthesis through endocrine FGF19 action. TBS remained unaltered during CR. Intestinal farnesoid X receptor was up-regulated after 21 days of CR. Secondary and deconjugated bile salt fractions were increased after CR, reflecting restored microbial metabolism of host bile salts. Furthermore, CIT and albumin levels gradually rose after CR, while abnormal serum liver tests normalized after CR, indicating restored intestinal function, improved nutritional status, and amelioration of liver injury. CR increased gene transcripts related to enterocyte number, carbohydrate handling, and bile salt homeostasis. Finally, the reciprocal FGF19/C4 response after 7 days predicted the plasma CIT time course. CONCLUSIONS: CR in patients with IF-TDE restored bile salt-FGF19 signaling and improved gut-liver function. Beneficial effects of CR are partly mediated by recovery of the bile salt-FGF19 axis and subsequent homeostatic regulation of bile salt synthesis.
- MeSH
- anastomóza chirurgická škodlivé účinky MeSH
- enterální výživa metody MeSH
- enterostomie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- fibroblastové růstové faktory krev metabolismus MeSH
- gastrointestinální obsah * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nutriční stav MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- selhání střeva krev etiologie metabolismus terapie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- žlučové kyseliny a soli krev metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Bridelia species have been used in traditional African medicine for the management of diverse human ailments. In the current work, the detailed phytochemical profiles of the extracts of the stem bark of B. speciosa were evaluated and the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties of the extracts were assessed. The anti-bacterial and anti-mycotic effects of the extracts were evaluated against selected pathogen strains. Additionally, the anti-proliferative effects were studied on the liver cancer HepG2 cell line. Finally, the putative protective effects were assessed on isolated rat liver that was challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results revealed the presence of 36 compounds in the ethyl acetate extract, 44 in the methanol extract, and 38 in the water extract. Overall, the methanol extract showed the highest antioxidant activity, particularly in LPS-stimulated rat liver. Additionally, this extract exerted the highest antimycotic effect on C. albicans, whereas the water extract showed a promising anti-proliferative effect on liver cancer HepG2 cells. The methanol extract was also the most active as enzyme inhibitor, against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. The current study appraises the antioxidant and enzyme inhibition properties of B. speciosa methanol extract and showed that this specie could be a promising source of biologically active phytochemicals, with potential health uses.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.
- MeSH
- autofagie * fyziologie MeSH
- autofagozomy MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- biotest normy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lyzozomy MeSH
- proteiny spojené s autofagií metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
- směrnice MeSH
BACKGROUND: Testing for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations is an essential recommendation in guidelines for metastatic non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer, and is considered mandatory in European countries. However, in practice, challenges are often faced when carrying out routine biomarker testing, including access to testing, inadequate tissue samples and long turnaround times (TATs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: To evaluate the real-world EGFR testing practices of European pathology laboratories, an online survey was set up and validated by the Pulmonary Pathology Working Group of the European Society of Pathology and distributed to 64 expert testing laboratories. The retrospective survey focussed on laboratory organisation and daily EGFR testing practice of pathologists and molecular biologists between 2018 and 2021. RESULTS: TATs varied greatly both between and within countries. These discrepancies may be partly due to reflex testing practices, as 20.8% of laboratories carried out EGFR testing only at the request of the clinician. Many laboratories across Europe still favour single-test sequencing as a primary method of EGFR mutation identification; 32.7% indicated that they only used targeted techniques and 45.1% used single-gene testing followed by next-generation sequencing (NGS), depending on the case. Reported testing rates were consistent over time with no significant decrease in the number of EGFR tests carried out in 2020, despite the increased pressure faced by testing facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. ISO 15189 accreditation was reported by 42.0% of molecular biology laboratories for single-test sequencing, and by 42.3% for NGS. 92.5% of laboratories indicated they regularly participate in an external quality assessment scheme. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the strong heterogeneity of EGFR testing that still occurs within thoracic pathology and molecular biology laboratories across Europe. Even among expert testing facilities there is variability in testing capabilities, TAT, reflex testing practice and laboratory accreditation, stressing the need to harmonise reimbursement technologies and decision-making algorithms in Europe.
- MeSH
- erbB receptory genetika MeSH
- laboratoře MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- nádory plic * diagnóza genetika patologie MeSH
- nemalobuněčný karcinom plic * diagnóza genetika patologie MeSH
- pandemie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Cílem příspěvku je charakterizovat ošetřovatelství založené na důkazech, objasnit jednotlivé kroky procesu evidence based nursing a popsat bariéry implementace ošetřovatelství založeného na důkazech v klinické praxi. Ošetřovatelství založené na důkazech je proces klinického rozhodování sester prostřednictvím využití nejdostupnějších výsledků výzkumu, klinické zkušenosti a preferencí pacienta v kontextu dostupných prostředků. Implementují-li sestry ošetřovatelství založené na důkazech v kontextu péče a podporující organizační kultury instituce, je poskytována vysoká kvalita péče a jsou dosaženy nejlepší výsledky pro pacienta, poskytovatele i systém. Proces ošetřovatelství založeného na důkazech byl běžně popisován jako pětifázový. Nejnovější publikace poukazují na rozšíření fází a uvádějí sedm kroků. Proces ošetřovatelství založeného na důkazech se nyní popisuje jako proces, který má sedm kroků: krok 0 – dotazování; krok 1 – formulace klinické otázky v PICOT formátu; krok 2 – hledání nejlepšího důkazu; krok 3 – kritické zhodnocení důkazu; krok 4 – integrace důkazu, klinické zkušenosti, hodnot a preferencí pacienta při rozhodování v klinické praxi nebo změně; krok 5 – zhodnocení výsledku praktických rozhodnutí nebo změn založených na důkazu; krok 6 – diseminace (rozšíření) výsledků. Aby sestry mohly uskutečňovat ošetřovatelství založené na důkazech, je potřeba respektovat následující faktory: k dané problematice musí být publikovaný adekvátní výzkum, sestry musí mít zručnosti týkající se přístupu a kritické analýzy výzkumu, praxe musí umožnit sestrám implementovat změny vycházející z ošetřovatelství založeného na důkazech. Hlavní bariéry implementace ošetřovatelství založeného na důkazech jsou bariéry týkající se výzkumu, organizace a charakteristik sester.
The target of the contribution presented here is to characterize the evidence based nursing, explain particular steps of the evidence based nursing and describe barriers encountered in the course of the evidence based nursing implementation in clinical practice. The evidence based nursing is a process of reaching clinical decisions by nurses through the mediation of taking advantage of available research results, clinical experience and patient´s preferences in context of the tools available. If nurses implement the evidence based nursing in context of taking the care and supporting the organizational culture of the institution, then high quality care is given with achieving the best results for the patient, caregiver as well as system. The process of the evidence based nursing has been commonly considered to include five stages. The most recent publications suggest that the stages employed should be extended and mention seven steps. The process of the evidence based nursing is currently described as a procedure consisting of seven steps: step 0 – interviewing; step 1 – clinical question formulation in PICOT format; step 2 – searching for the best evidence; step 3 – critical assessment of the evidence; step 4 – integration of the evidence, clinical experience, values and preferences of the patient in the course of reaching decisions in clinical practice or change; step 5 – evaluation of results of practical decisions or changes based on evidence; step 6 – dissemination (propagation) of results. In order that nurses might implement the evidence based nursing, it is necessary to respect the following factors: a published adequate research concerning the given problem must be available, the nurses must master the skill concerning the attitude to the problem and critical analyses of the research, and practice must make them possible to implement changes resulting from the evidence based nursing. The main barriers encountered in the implementation of the evidence based nursing are those concerning the research, organization and characteristics of nurses.
