Contemporary descriptions of motor control suggest that variability in movement can be indicative of skilled or unskilled performance. Here we used principal component analysis to study the kicking performance of elite and sub-elite soldiers who were highly familiar with the skill in order to compare the variability in the first and second principal components. The subjects kicked a force plate under a range of loaded conditions, and their movement was recorded using optical motion capture. The first principal component explained >92% of the variability across all kinematic variables when analyzed separately for each condition, and both groups and explained more of the variation in the movement of the elite group. There was more variation in the loading coefficient of the first principal component for the sub-elite group. In contrast, for the second principal component, there was more variation in the loading coefficient for the elite group, and the relative magnitude of the variation was greater than for the first principal component for both groups. These results suggest that the first principal component represented the most fundamental movement pattern, and there was less variation in this mode for the elite group. In addition, more of the variability was explained by the hip than the knee angle entered when both variables were entered into the same PCA, which suggests that the movement is driven by the hip.

• MeSH
• analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• dolní končetina * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pohyb * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Front kicks are often used in combat activities that involve the use of kicks and punches, including close combat military training. To mimic real-life combative environments where soldiers execute forceful front kicks while wearing military boots, it is logical to wear these boots during close combat training. However, the effect of military footwear on front kick forces remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of military boots on front kick dynamics. Six male soldiers (23.3 ± 1.7 yr, 74.3 ± 6.2 kg, 175.5 ± 4.5 cm) performed eight individual front kicks with no military boots, in bare feet (NB) and with military boots (MB). Peak force (N), impulse (N.s) and time to reach peak force (ms), were measured during each kick. Data were analyzed using paired sample t-tests or nonparametric Wilcoxon pair test and Cohen’s d. Results. Neither peak force (3180 ± 647 N) nor impulse (367 ± 40 N.s) of MB were different than NB (3157 ± 291 N and 360 ± 48 N.s, respectively) (p = 0.85; d = 0.04 and p = 0.36; d = 0.12, respectively). Peak force was reached in a significantly shorter time during MB (39 ± 16 ms) compared to NB (56 ± 8 ms; d = −0.88). Conclusion. Peak force was reached in a shorter time using MB compared to barefoot (NB) front kicks. The use of military boots changes the time course of peak force during the front kick.

• MeSH
• biomechanika * MeSH
• bojové sporty MeSH
• kineziologie aplikovaná MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obuv MeSH
• odporový trénink MeSH
• ozbrojené síly MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Due to the internal structure of the knee joint, the ability to characterize and quantify the dynamic response of the meniscal tissue directly in vivo is highly problematic. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the behaviour of the meniscus under loading conditions. Four healthy young females were included. To obtain T2* values in the meniscus, the vTE sequence was used with 10 echoes ranging from 0.8 to 10.1 ms. Submilisecond first echo time is a great advantage of vTE sequence allowing for precise mapping of relatively short T2*. The two-parametric least squares fitting procedure was used to calculate T2* pixel-wise. A custom-made diamagnetic apparatus was developed to simulate stress conditions on the lower limb in a conventional MR scanner. vTE T2* was performed in five consecutive scans, 6:10 min apart. Three different compartments of the medial and lateral meniscus were segmented. The differences at the different time-points were calculated. A constant increase of T2* times after compression was statistically significant in the anterior horn of the medial meniscus. T2* mapping with variable echo time sequence might be a satisfactorily sensitive technique to detect the changes of meniscus physiology under loading conditions in vivo.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kloubní chrupavka * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• kolenní kloub MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody   MeSH
• menisky tibiální * diagnostické zobrazování   fyziologie   MeSH
• zátěžový test * MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Pain-provoking disorders of the lumbar spine affect most of adult population and nearly everyone suffers from some of them during their lifetime. A common symptom of diseases, injuries or inevitable changes in the area of lumbar spine is known as the Low Back Pain (LBP). A chronic form of the LBP, called the Low Back Pain syndrome, is mostly caused by degenerative changes of intervertebral discs of the lowest intervertebral joints. The work was focused on in vitro analysis of the porcine lumbar spine kinematics. Two last neighbouring intervertebral joints without active tissue, L4/5 and L5/6, were used. The total number of fifteen cadaveric samples of porcine lumbar spine was involved. A unique loading mechanism was designed and constructed for the purposes of this study. Samples were loaded by flexion/extension movement within the physiological range of motion of ± 5°, in a quasi-static mode. The recording and analysing of the lumbar spine kinematics was realized by the motion capture camera system (Qualisys AB, Göteborg, Sweden). The results showed that the so-called instantaneous axis of rotation (IAR), or the corresponding instantaneous centre of rotation (ICR), was an adequate objective parameter for the assessment of the lumbar spine kinematics. Its position was comparable across all samples and situated very close to the spinal canal. For the purposes of this work, an altered artificial disc of a ball-and-socket type (ProSpon, Ltd., Kladno, Czech Republic) was used to study the kinematics of two neighbouring joints after the disc replacement in the area of a caudally situated one. The results of this comparative analysis showed a significant influence of the artificial disc on the kinematics of both, caudally situated joint, where the disc was implanted, and the adjacent one.

• MeSH
• bederní obratle anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• bolesti zad * etiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lumbalgie MeSH
• rotace MeSH
• točivý moment MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Around 300 million people all over the world at all age level suffer from asthma [1]. Patients with this disease have primarily difficult breathing with wheezing in respiratory sounds, cough and feeling of constricted chest. Therefore their physical activity is strongly limited [2]. Nowadays, there are several methods for asthma diagnosis, for example spirometry, measuring of peaks of expiratory velocity or measuring of bronchial reactivity. Although these methods are sufficiently reliable in most cases, they have also some imperfections, which are obvious especially by diagnosing of badly collaborating patients, e.g. small children aged up to three years. These infants can’t provide operations required for diagnosis, so results performed diagnosis are not reliable. For this reason, there is an idea of developing non invasive method of asthma diagnosis and other pulmonary diseases that would not need collaboration of patient [3]. One of the most probably working usable principles is comparison of air flow in airways of healthy and ill person. The difference of the air flow is caused by bronchial obstruction and constriction of airways of patient. There are other sounds and wheezing in the respiratory sounds detectable during breathing as a typical manifestation of the disease [4]. These phenomena can be detected by hearing of sound or by harmonic analysis.

• MeSH
• bronchiální astma * diagnóza   klasifikace   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• Fourierova analýza MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mechanika dýchání MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• počítačové zpracování signálu přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• respirační zvuky diagnóza   klasifikace   MeSH
• software MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Úvod: Terapie motodlahou (CPM) je metodou volby zvláště po implantování totální endoprotézy u kolenního nebo kyčelního kloubu. Jde o aplikaci kontinuálního pasivního pohybu na postiženou končetinu. Cíl studie: Ověření vlivu rychlosti motodlahy na terapeutický efekt. Zejména na rozsah pohybu v kloubu a subjektivní vnímání klidové bolesti. Metody: Terapie byla provedena u 50 náhodně vybraných pacientů po artroplastice kolenního kloubu formou endoprotézy. Pacienti absolvovali 10 terapií, 5x týdně, 20 minut dle předpisu lékaře. 26 pacientů absolvovalo terapii na motodlaze od firmy BTL, 24 pacientů na motodlaze od konkurenční firmy. K určení rozsahu pohybu byla použita metoda SFTR. K určení analgetického efektu byla použita kombinace Visual Analog Scale (VAS) a Verbal Numerical Rating Scale (VNRS). Výsledky: Zvýšení rozsahu pohybu a snížení bolesti bylo signifikantní u obou skupin pacientů. Většího rozsahu pohybu (v průměru o 20 %) a snížení bolesti (v průměru o 15 %) dosahovali pacienti s motodlahou BTL, 2 pacienti byli ze studie vyřazeni. Závěr: Prokázali jsme pozitivní vliv vyšší rychlosti motodlahy na zvýšení rozsahu pohybu v kolenním kloubu a na snížení bolesti.

Background: Continuous passive motion (CPM) therapy is the method of choice especially after implantation of total knee or hip joint replacement. It is the application of continuous passive motion on the affected limb. Objective: Verification of the CPM device velocity for therapeutic effect. Particular range of motion and subjective perception of pain (at rest). Methods: The therapy was performed with 50 randomly selected patients following arthroplasty of the knee joint in the form of prosthesis. Patients had 10 therapies, 5 times per week, 20 minutes according to the doctor's prescription. 26 patients completed therapy on BTL device, 24 on competitive device. To determine the range of motion we used SFTR method. We used the combination of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Verbal Numerical Rating Scale (VNRS) to determine the analgesic effect. Results: Increased range of motion and pain reduction was significant in both groups. A greater range of motion (on average 20%) and pain reduction (average 15%) patients reached with BTL device, 2 patients were excluded from the study. Conclusion: We have demonstrated the positive impact of CPM speed to increase range of motion in the knee joint and reduce pain.

• MeSH
• artralgie prevence a kontrola   rehabilitace   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pasivní pohybová terapie CPM * metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• rozsah kloubních pohybů MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• techniky fyzikální terapie MeSH
• terapie cvičením metody   MeSH
• totální endoprotéza kolene * rehabilitace   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Aim of this article is to find out if there is any difference in rheological properties in various degrees of flexion in the knee with meniscal tear and compare the results with measurement after physical activity. Experimental measurements were done by using the method of biorheometry which detects the passive resistance of the knee in movement from flexion to extension. We found changes of rheological properties in higher degrees of knee flexion with typical rising followed by fall of biorheogram around flexion of 80°. They were more remarkable after physical activity. Changes of rheological properties were more expressive in patients who have undergone meniscectomy a few years ago than changes in patients with recent meniscectomy.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kolenní kloub fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• menisky tibiální * chirurgie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• pohybová aktivita MeSH
• poranění menisku MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• reologie * klasifikace   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• rozsah kloubních pohybů * fyziologie   MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• T2 mapování, časově závislé změny laterálního při axiálním zatížení, manuální segmentace,
• MeSH
• experimenty na lidech MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody   přístrojové vybavení   využití   MeSH
• menisky tibiální * anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   patologie   MeSH
• muskuloskeletální systém anatomie a histologie   patologie   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• biomechanika * MeSH
• dolní končetina * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektromyografie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• sportovci MeSH
• sportovní výkon * fyziologie   MeSH
• sporty MeSH
• svaly * fyziologie   MeSH
• zátěžový test MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• přední zkřížený vaz,
• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• chrupavka MeSH
• diagnostické vybavení MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• kloubní chrupavka chirurgie   patologie   zranění   MeSH
• kolenní kloub fyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ligamentum cruciatum anterius fyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• poranění předního zkříženého vazu MeSH
• rekonstrukce předního zkříženého vazu rehabilitace   MeSH
• reologie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• hodnotící studie MeSH