Q120602455
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- MeSH
- 2. světová válka MeSH
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- holocaust MeSH
- koncentrační tábory * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- porod MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- věznice MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Polsko MeSH
This article introduces a bio-psycho-socio-spiritual model of the Holocaust impact on health. On the empirical level, the way to achieving the set goals leads through qualitative field research using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis approach. Three groups of respondents (Holocaust survivors, 2nd generation of survivors and experts from helping professions who have experience with survivors care) were linked to ensure the validity of the stated conclusions. The main technique for data collection was a semi-structured interview. The data were analyzed using Atlas.ti software, following the IPA recommendations.The results refer to a wide range of physical impacts (e.g. osteoporosis, flat-foot, degenerative spine diseases, chronic pain, stomach and duodenal ulcer, chronic skin defects), mental impacts (e.g. PTSD, distrust, suspicion, vigilance, inferiority complex, annoyance in connection with the German language, specific attitude to food), social impacts (loss of property, marriages of convenience, need for education, inclination to care about weaker persons) and spiritual health impact (guilt, loss of faith in God, strengthening of Jewish identity, need to pass experience). Holocaust survivors are characterized by being interested in their health. Since the time of internment they have had their daily healing rituals, such as morning stretching exercises, yoga, cold baths, airing. Cleanliness of the body (especially the hands) and the environment are very important for all survivors. For most of them it is important to keep their mental health in good condition. That is the reason why they often attend various educational activities and if they are able to travel they do that. Research on the Holocaust Survivor Group represents the integration of resilience and vulnerability, desire for life, and the ability of a person to survive and live in extreme conditions. Using the example of this study examining the impact of trauma on health in all of its dimensions, it is possible to predict the future health problems of specific groups of migrants in connection with war conflicts and other life-threatening situations.
OBJECTIVE: Period of elderly age preordains the occurrence of many health issues. People deported during World War II to concentration camps suffered from malnutrition, lack of sleep, physical and mental exhaustion. Recently, the health condition of Holocaust survivors is often complicated as a result of physical punishments and different torture methods as well as mental hardships which they had suffered during deportation. The consequences often have psychosomatic nature thus the survivors are often receivers of health care. The topic of bibliography review is based on the need to objectivize and systematically evaluate subjective health issues of Holocaust survivors in connection with trauma related to the stay in a concentration camp. The aim is to offer a review of effects of the Holocaust on health of different body systems for survivors in concentration camps and Jewish ghettos in the course of World War II. METHODS: To map the subjective problems of Holocaust survivors, evidence-based medicine (EBM) method has been used with the help of scientific database PubMed, CINAHL Plus with full text, ProQuest and other sources with specific key words and Boole operators. Prognostic type of clinical/review questions has been selected for the bibliography review, which is trying to predict the probability of relation or output of illness/condition and based on diseases or symptoms seriousness to find out expectancy for treatment/improvement of care. RESULTS: 175 studies have been found in basic search with the use of key words both in English and in Czech language. The search has not been time-limited. The advanced search has focused on different body systems and health damage due to Nazi experiments. Fourteen studies have been used to complete the study. The research results have confirmed the significant effect of Holocaust trauma on body condition of the survivors. The reasons of this condition were insufficient nutrition, unsuitable and harmful hygienic, living and working conditions and brutality of the guards. According to the research, these factors have impacted all organ systems, mainly locomotion and cardiovascular ones. The results have shown a more frequent occurrence of osteoporosis, fractures of long bones and corresponding chronical pain of people of Jewish origin who had gone through different forms of torture during World War II. Other present symptoms include gastrointestinal problems, tumors mainly in the area of colorectum and lungs. Moreover, the stay in concentration camps had influence on women's menstrual cycle. CONCLUSION: The studies of Holocaust effects are an example of the influence of an extreme mental and physical burden on the body condition of the survivors' health. The results of the studies have shown a wide range of the effects also in mental and social areas.
- MeSH
- bibliografie jako téma MeSH
- holocaust * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- přežívající statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- zdravotní stav * MeSH
- židé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Příspěvek prezentuje vzpomínky čtyř bývalých vězeňkyň židovského ghetta Terezín, které v období od 24. listopadu 1941 do 21. srpna 1945 zastávaly v ghettu Terezín práci ve zdravotnictví, zejména práci zdravotní sestry či ošetřovatelky. Vzpomínky bývalých vězeňkyň doplňují bílá místa života v ghettu Terezín, dokládají náročnost ošetřovatelské péče ve válečných podmínkách a v situaci ohrožení vlastního života i života svých nejbližších.
The paper presents memories of four former female prisoners of the Jewish ghetto Terezín, which worked as nurses in health care in the period from 24th November, 1941 to 21st August, 1945. Former female prisoners' memories fill up blank space of the description of life in Terezín ghetto, confirm demandingness of nursing care in war conditions and in situations of endangered own life and life of their relatives.
Autorka v príspevku predkladá stručné historické súvislostí vzniku ženského koncentračného tábora Ravensbrück. Zdôrazňuje výnimočný režim, pracovné aktivity, násilné prejavy táborových dozorcov ako súčasť plánovanej a cieľavedomej likvidácie väzenkýň. Opisuje kruté životné podmienky, stravovanie, úroveň hygieny a ich vplyv na vznik a šírenie epidémii rôznych chorôb. V kazuistike prezentuje skúsenosť internovanej českej väzenkyne s neľudským zaobchádzaním, prežívaním silných psychických otrasov a konfrontáciou s dôsledkami brutálnych podmienok v tábore, ktoré si u nej niekoľkokrát vyžiadali ambulantné ošetrenie i hospitalizáciu v táborovej nemocnici - revíri. Opisuje podmienky prijatia na revír, zabezpečenie zdravotnej starostlivosti, spôsoby a možnosti liečby jednotlivých ochorení.
In the paper the author presents a brief historical context of the establishment of the female concentration camp Ravensbrück. She stresses an exceptional regime, working activities, violent displays of camp guards as a part of planned and systematic elimination of female prisoners. It describes cruel life conditions, catering, level of hygiene and their influence on the occurrence and spread of epidemics of various diseases. In case study it presents an experience of internated Czech female prisoner with inhuman treatment, experience of strong mental shocks and confrontation with the consequences of brutal conditions in the camp, which required several dispensary attendaces and a hospitalization in the camp hospital - ward. It describes the conditions of admission into the ward, health care securing, methods and possibilities of the treatment of different diseases.
- MeSH
- koncentrační tábory dějiny organizace a řízení pracovní síly MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ošetřovatelská péče metody pracovní síly MeSH
- vězni MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
The main objective of this study is to describe the most common childhood diseases occurring in the Theresienstadt ghetto during the Second World War as well as applied anti-epidemic measures. A partial objective is to describe medical and nursing care of sick child prisoners. The data was obtained by the method of synthesis of primary and secondary data with the highest importance after adequate external source criticism using selected monographs, memoirs, survivor diaries, Orders of the day by the Council of the Elders and Reports of the Jewish self-government of the Theresienstadt ghetto from 1941 to 1945, the Archives of the Jewish Museum in Prague, the Ghetto Museum, the Museum of the History of Polish Jews in Warsaw, Post Bellum online electronic collection of oral historical interviews, and witness accounts. The validity of the presented conclusions is ensured by comparing data from several sources. The most common infections in Theresienstadt children were enteritis, scarlet fever, infectious jaundice, measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, black cough, pneumonia, otitis media, and typhoid fever. Most of these infections had entirely atypical symptomatology or complications. Children were hospitalized in children's hospitals, in children's rooms of hospitals for adults and infirmaries in children's homes. Albeit diagnostic methods had a high standard, options of treatment were very limited. The most common treatments included bed rest, diet and cold compress. Occasionally, chemotherapeutic agents (e.g. a sulphonamide drug Prontosil) and Aspirin were available. The anti-epidemic measures in the ghetto focused on hygiene, enhancing children's immunity, vaccination and pest control.
Východiská: Výsledky viacerých štúdii potvrdili, že sestry ako najpočetnejšia skupina zdravotníckych pracovníkov trávia pri poskytovaní ošetrovateľskej starostlivosti s pacientmi veľa času. Sú tak vystavené riziku agresie a násilia zo strany pacientov, čo má vplyv na kvalitu poskytovanej starostlivosti, ale aj psychickú a fyzickú pohodu sestier. Cieľ: Zmapovať skúseností sestier s výskytom verbálneho a sexuálneho násilia zo strany pacientov a zistiť dôsledky násilného správania u sestier. Metódy: Na zisťovanie skúseností sestier s násilím zo strany pacientov bol použitý neštandardizovaný dotazník vlastnej konštrukcie. Elektronický zber dát sa uskutočnil v termíne od 15. novembra do 15. decembra 2017. Dotazník bol distribuovaný registrovaným sestrám a pôrodným asistentkám cez portál Slovenskej komory sestier a pôrodných asistentiek a na sociálnej sieti. Pri spracovaní údajov bola použitá jednoduchá a opisná deskriptívna štatistika – absolútna početnosť (n) a relatívna početnosť (%). Výsledky boli spracované v programe STATISTICA CZ a MS Excel. Výsledky: Štúdie sa zúčastnilo 531 respondentov. Výsledky potvrdili pozitívnu skúsenosť s verbálnym násilím, pričom najčastejšou formou verbálnych útokov zo strany pacientov boli až u 85,9 % (n=431) respondentov urážky a nadávky a u 64,5 % (n=324) zastrašovanie a vyhrážky. Najfrekventovanejšou formou sexuálneho obťažovania, resp. násilia, s ktorými sa stretávali respondenti, boli slovné poznámky, čo potvrdilo 52,19 % (n=262) respondentov, ale aj fyzické obťažovanie (14,9 %) a sexuálne návrhy na telesný kontakt (12,9 %). Záver: Skúseností sestier s výskytom verbálneho a sexuálneho násilia zo strany pacientov a dôsledky takého správania predurčujú k účasti sestier na edukačnom stretnutí, komunikačnom tréningu alebo školení ako zvládať agresívneho a násilného pacienta.
Resources: Results of numerous studies have confirmed that nurses spend a lot of time patients when providing nursing care, as the most numerous group of health care workers. That is why they are exposed to the risk of aggression and violence from patients which has influence on the quality of provided care as well as mental and physical comfort of nurses. Aim: To map the experience of nurses with the occurrence of verbal and sexual violence from patients and find out the effects of violent behavior on nurses. Methods: Non-standardized own questionnaire has been used to find out the experience of nurses with violence from patients. Electronic collection of data took place between 15th November and 15th December 2017. The questionnaire was distributed to registered nurses and midwives through the portal of Slovak Chamber of Nurses and Midwives on social networking site. Single and descriptive statistics – absolute percent occurrence (n) and relative percent occurrence (%) have been used in processing the data. The results have been processed in programme STATISTICA CZ and MS Excel. Results: 531 respondents participated in the study. The results have confirmed positive experience with verbal violence, the most frequent form from patients have been offences and invectives, up to 85,9 % (n=431) respondents, and intimidation and threats, 64,5 % (n=324). The most frequent form of sexual abuse or violence which the respondents have encountered have been verbal comments, confirmed by 52,19 % (n=262) respondents but also physical harassment (14,9 %) and sexual proposals of physical contact (12,9 %). Conclusion: Experience of nurses with the occurrence of verbal and sexual violence from patients in a form of communication training or mentoring how to handle an aggressive or violent patient.
- MeSH
- agrese klasifikace MeSH
- hospitalizovaní pacienti MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nezdvořilost klasifikace prevence a kontrola statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- personál sesterský nemocniční MeSH
- poruchy sociálního chování epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- sexuální obtěžování klasifikace prevence a kontrola statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- sociální chování MeSH
- vztahy mezi ošetřovatelkou a pacientem * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- motivace * MeSH
- pracovní uspokojení MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- zdravotní sestry * MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
1. elektronické vydání 1 online zdroj (96 stran)
Publikace představuje osobnosti v oboru ošetřovatelství, které z historického kontextu přispěly k implementaci změn do ošetřovatelské praxe na Slovensku.
