The ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinases) cascade has an evolutionarily conserved three tier architecture consisting of protein kinases Raf, MEK (MAPK/ERK kinase) and ERK. Following activation, ERK phosphorylates various cellular elements leading to diverse cellular responses. Downstream of ERK the family of p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSKs) has been proven to be an important conveyor of ERK signaling, however, little is known if ERK and RSK coordinate their functions to generate a specific biological response. Here we show that in epithelial cells conditional activation of the ERK pathway causes phenotypic conversion of epithelial cells to autonomously migrating cells. This process involves two sequential steps characterized by loss of apical-basal polarity followed by cell scattering. The activation of ERK, but not RSK, is sufficient for the execution of the first step and it requires calpain mediated remodeling of actin cytoskeleton. Conversely, RSK regulates the successive stage characterized by cell-cell contact weakening and increased cellular migration. Thus, ERK and RSK regulate different cellular subprograms and coordinated execution of these subprograms in time generates a relevant biological response. Our data also suggest that the mechanism by which the ERK pathway controls a cellular response may be distributed between ERK and RSK, rather than being elicited by a single effector kinase.
- MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- epitelové buňky cytologie metabolismus MeSH
- extracelulárním signálem regulované MAP kinasy metabolismus MeSH
- kadheriny metabolismus MeSH
- kalpain metabolismus MeSH
- kinasy ribozomálního proteinu S6, 90-kDa metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- MAP kinasový signální systém MeSH
- mezibuněčné spoje metabolismus MeSH
- pohyb buněk MeSH
- polarita buněk MeSH
- psi MeSH
- signální transdukce * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- psi MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Nitric oxide (NO) is identified as a signaling molecule involved in many cellular or physiological functions including meiotic maturation and parthenogenetic activation of mammalian oocytes. We observed that nitric oxide donor SNAP was potent to induce parthenogenetic activation in Xenopus eggs. NO-scavenger CPTIO impaired the effects of SNAP, providing evidence for the effects of the latter to be specific upon NO release. In Xenopus eggs, SNAP treatment induced pigment rearrangement, pronucleus formation and exocytosis of cortical granules. At a biochemical level, SNAP exposure lead to MAPK and Rsk inactivation within 30 minutes whereas MPF remained active, in contrast to calcium ionophore control where MPF activity dropped rapidly. MAPK inactivation could be correlated to pronuclear envelope reformation observed. In SNAP-treated eggs, a strong increase in intracellular calcium level was observed. NO effects were impaired in calcium-free or calcium limited medium, suggesting that that parthenogenetic activation of Xenopus oocytes with a NO donor was mainly calcium-dependent.
- MeSH
- aktivace enzymů účinky léků MeSH
- aparát dělícího vřeténka účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- benzoáty farmakologie MeSH
- donory oxidu dusnatého farmakologie MeSH
- faktor podporující zrání metabolismus MeSH
- imidazoly farmakologie MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- mitogenem aktivované proteinkinasy metabolismus MeSH
- morfogeneze účinky léků MeSH
- ovum cytologie účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- oxid dusnatý metabolismus MeSH
- partenogeneze MeSH
- progesteron farmakologie MeSH
- S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicilamin farmakokinetika MeSH
- vápník metabolismus MeSH
- Xenopus laevis metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
In this study, the surface laser treatment of a new type of dental biomaterial, a Ti-graphite composite, prepared by low-temperature powder metallurgy, was investigated. Different levels of output laser power and the scanning speed of the fiber nanosecond laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm and argon as a shielding gas were used in this experiment. The surface integrity of the machined surfaces was evaluated to identify the potential for the dental implant's early osseointegration process, including surface roughness parameter documentation by contact and non-contact methods, surface morphology assessment by scanning electron microscopy, and surface wettability estimation using the sessile drop technique. The obtained results showed that the surface roughness parameters attributed to high osseointegration relevance (Rsk, Rku, and Rsm) were not significantly influenced by laser power, and on the other hand, the scanning speed seems to have the most prevalent effect on surface roughness when exhibiting statistical differences in all evaluated profile roughness parameters except Rvk. The obtained laser-modified surfaces were hydrophilic, with a contact angle in the range of 62.3° to 83.2°.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Reduced friction and wear of materials after the use of the carbon nanomaterials including nanodiamonds (NDs) have been confirmed by several studies in material engineering. Mechanical cleaning of the tooth surface by brush bristles should leave as little tissue roughened as possible. Higher surface roughness increases the tissue's wear and encourages the redeposition of the bacteria and the colouring agents present in the diet. Therefore, we evaluated the tooth tissues' surface's morphological changes after brushing them with the NDs suspension. Ten human teeth were brushed with the NDs aqueous suspension. The surfaces were observed using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). We found that the nature of the tissue surface became milder and smoother. A number of selected profilometric parameters were compared before and after brushing. We observed that brushing with the suspension of NDs resulted in a significant reduction in the enamel and dentine's surface roughness both in the range of the average parameters (Ra; p-0,0019) and in the detailed parameters (Rsk; p-0,048 and Rku; p-0,036). We concluded that the NDs used in the oral hygiene applications have a potentially protective effect on the enamel and the dentine's surfaces.
- MeSH
- čištění zubů metody MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikroskopie atomárních sil metody MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nanodiamanty aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- povrchové vlastnosti účinky léků MeSH
- suspenze aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- zubní sklovina účinky léků MeSH
- zuby účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
This article presents a study of the dependence of the biocompatibility of a carbon-based material, namely a 2D C/C composite, on mechanical and chemical surface modifications. The mechanical modifications were surface grinding and polishing, and chemical modifications were made by depositing thin layers of pyrolytic carbon, titanium-carbon and DLC layers. Human osteoblast-like MG 63 cells were cultivated on these materials. The densities of the cells after one-day cultivation and after four-day cultivation, and the average cell spreading area after one-day cultivation, were evaluated in dependence on particular surface roughness parameters. The minima of the cell density on pyrolytic carbon and titanium-carbon layers were found; they were connected with the maxima of the average cell area. For DLC, the cell area decreased as the roughness parameter Ra increased in the range 0.1-10 µm, although the minimum appeared for the density of the cells. Using a multivariate test, the dependences of the biocompatibility parameters on the layer material and on surface grinding were statistically significant. The results suggest that the optimal roughness parameters for MG 63 cell on carbon based surface were Ra ∼ 3.5 µm, RSm ∼0.03-0.08 mm, Rsk ∼0 or negative and Rku ∼ 20, DLC being the best material choice. These values of roughness were obtained by simple mechanical grinding of substrate and coating by DLC layer.
- MeSH
- biokompatibilní materiály chemie MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osteoblasty cytologie MeSH
- povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
- proliferace buněk MeSH
- titan chemie MeSH
- uhlík chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Cíl: Porovnat laparoskopickou (LSC) a robotickou (RSC) sakrokolpopexi při léčbě prolapsu pánevních orgánů v průběhu fáze „learning curve“ robotické chirurgie. Vyhodnocovali jsme operační charakteristiky, výsledky léčby prolapsu a pooperační výsledky. Typ studie: Retrospektivní komparativní studie. Pracoviště: Porodnicko-gynekologická klinika FN a LF UP Olomouc. Metodika: Analyzovali jsme data konsekutivních 51 pacientek s provedenou laparoskopickou sakrokolpopexí a 13 žen operovaných robotickým systémem. Ze záznamů byly retrospektivně získány údaje o věku pacientek, body mass indexu, chirurgické anamnéze, odhadované krevní ztrátě, délce operace, konkomitantních zákrocích a výsledcích chirurgické léčby (včetně klasifikačního systému POP-Q. Subjektivní výsledky byly v rámci follow-up hodnoceny pomocí dotazníků PGI-I and PISQ-IR (n = 26). Výsledky: V obou skupinách proběhla chirurgická léčba bez nutnosti konverze na otevřenou chirurgii. Průměrný operační čas byl delší ve skupině robotické chirurgie: 212 (128–394) minut ve srovnání s laparoskopickou skupinou 164 (80–342). Krevní ztráty byly nižší v robotické skupině 52 (10–200) ml při srovnání se skupinou laparoskopickou 58 (10–350) ml. Rozdíly v operačním čase a krevní ztrátě nebyly statisticky významné. Rozdíly mezi LSC a RSC skupinami v pooperačních výsledcích nebyly statisticky významné. „Learning curve“ robotické sakrokolpopexe byla kratší než u laparoskopického přístupu v případě zkušených laparoskopických operatérů. V rámci follow-up nebyla zaznamernána recidiva a většina pacientek byla spokojena s chirurgickou léčbou. Závěr: Tato studie demonstruje srovnatelnost RSC a LSC ve smyslu chirurgické bezpečnosti a úspěšnosti při střednědobém follow-up. Rozhodnutí o typu chirurgického přístupu musí být individuální a odvíjí se nejen od charakteristik pacientek a jejich preferencí, ale i od možností pracoviště a zkušeností operačního týmu.
Objective: To compare conventional laparoscopic (LSC) and robotic (RSC) sacrocolpopexy in the treatment of apical pelvic prolapse during robotic surgery „learning curve“. Operative characteristics, prolapse treatment outcomes, and postoperative results were assessed. Design: Retrospective comparative study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Palacky University, Olomouc. Methods: We analyzed consecutive 51 patients treated with laparoscopic sacropexy and 13 women operated with robotic system. Data on patient age, body mass index (BMI), operation history, estimated blood loss, operation time, surgical outcomes (including pelvic organ prolapse quantification – POP-Q), and concomitant surgeries were retrospectively obtained from patient medical records. Subjective outcomes were measured through PGI-I and PISQ-IR questionaires when available at last follow up (n = 26). Results: In both groups all procedures were performed correctly without conversion. The mean operative time was longer in robotic group: 212 (128–394) min, as compared to 164 (80–342) in the laparoscopic group. Blood loss was lower for the robotic 52 (10–200) ml compared to laparoscopic group 58 (10–350) ml. Differences in operative time and blood loss were not statistically significant. Differences between LSC and RSC groups in postoperative results were not statistically significant. Learning curve for robotic sacrocolpopexy was shorter than for laparoscopic procedure in case of experienced laparoscopic surgeons. No recurrences occurred during follow-up. Most patients were satisfied with surgical results. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that RSC may be comparable in surgical safety and efficacy. The decision regarding the best surgical approach has to be individualised according to the characteristics of the patient and their preferences as well as the local clinical setting and the surgical expertise of physicians.
The measurements of radon concentration were carried out in kindergartens of V4 countries (Hungary, Poland and Slovakia). RSKS detectors (Radosys Ltd., Hungary) were used for integrating measurement in indoor air. In total, 67 rooms in 20 kindergartens were measured. The survey was carried out in two periods from October 2015 to March 2016. The results show that radon concentration is less than 300 Bq m-3 in approximately 86.0% of cases in the first period and in 82.1% of cases in second period. However, rooms in kindergartens with radon concentration exceeding 1000 Bq m-3 were found in Slovakia.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování radiace metody MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- radioaktivní látky znečišťující vzduch analýza MeSH
- radon analýza MeSH
- školy * MeSH
- znečištění vzduchu ve vnitřním prostředí analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Maďarsko MeSH
- Polsko MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
