Reintegration
Dotaz
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The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases among the European working age population, as well as the implications for the individual and societal level, underline the need for policy guidelines targeting the effective inclusion of persons with chronic diseases in the workplace. The aim of the present paper was to explore the perspectives of European and National-level stakeholders on existing strategies for work re-integration of persons with chronic diseases, and to provide policy guidelines. A highly-structured interview protocol was distributed to 58 National level stakeholders (policy makers, professionals and employers) from seven European countries. Additionally, 20 European organizations concerned with health-related issues and employment completed an online survey. The findings reveal that employment-related challenges remain largely unaddressed. Both national and European stakeholders considered the existing legislative frameworks inadequate and appraised the co-ordination for the implementation of employment re-integration policies as ineffective. Policies targeting at work re-integration of persons with chronic diseases at European and national level should focus on consistent cooperation among all key stakeholders, awareness raising to staff and management, dissemination of effective strategies, developing research and evaluation standards and establishing monitoring systems on inclusive labour markets.
- MeSH
- chronická nemoc epidemiologie rehabilitace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- návrat do práce zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- organizační politika MeSH
- pracoviště zákonodárství a právo normy MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
- výběr pracovníků zákonodárství a právo normy MeSH
- zaměstnanost zákonodárství a právo normy statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Článek shrnuje českou a zahraniční literaturu týkající se reintegrace a resocializace pachatelů do společnosti. Článek se zaměřil na definování resocializace a na faktory, jež jsou v literatuře zmiňovány.
In this article, factors concerning reintegration and resocialization of offenders into society are summarized. The article defines socialization and resocialization and further concentrates on studies, which define different clasifications of risk and protective factors of reintegration. In the end, the article concentrates on different concepts pertaining to reintegration and resocialization.
Background: Persons with chronic diseases (PwCDs) often experience work-related problems, and innovative actions to improve their participation in the labor market are needed. In the frame of the European (EU) Pathways Project, the aim of the study is to compare existing strategies (policies, systems, and services) for professional (re-)integration of PwCDs and mental health conditions available at both European and national level between different European welfare models: Scandinavian, Continental, Anglo-Saxon, Mediterranean, and “Post-Communist”. Method: The European strategies were identified by an overview of relevant academic and grey literature searched through Medline and internet searches, while national strategies were explored through questionnaires and in-depth interviews with national relevant stakeholders. Results: The mapping of existing strategies revealed that, both at European and national level, PwCDs are often considered as part of the group of “persons with disabilities” and only in this case they can receive employment support. European countries put in place actions to support greater labor market participation, but these differ from country to country. Conclusion: Strategies targeting “persons with disabilities” do not necessarily address all the needs of persons with chronic diseases. Countries should consider the importance of employment for all to achieve smart, sustainable, and inclusive growth.
- MeSH
- chronická nemoc * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- postižení * MeSH
- postup MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- sociální péče * MeSH
- teoretické modely * MeSH
- zaměstnanost * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is organized in nucleoids in complex with accessory proteins, proteins of mtDNA replication and gene expression machinery. A robust mtDNA genome is represented by hundreds to thousands of nucleoids in cell mitochondrion. Detailed information is lacking about the dynamics of nucleoid distribution within the mitochondrial network upon physiological and pathological events. Therefore, we used confocal microscopy to study mitochondrial nucleoid redistribution upon mitochondrial fission and following reintegration of the mitochondrial network. Fission was induced by oxidative stress at respiration inhibition by rotenone or upon elimination of the protonmotive force by uncoupling or upon canceling its electrical component, ΔΨ(m), by valinomycin; and by silencing of mitofusin MFN2. Agent withdrawal resulted in concomitant mitochondrial network reintegration. We found two major principal morphological states: (i) a tubular state of the mitochondrial network with equidistant nucleoid spacing, 1.10±0.2 nucleoids per μm, and (ii) a fragmented state of solitary spheroid objects in which several nucleoids were clustered. We rarely observed singular mitochondrial fragments with a single nucleoid inside and very seldom we observed empty fragments. Reintegration of fragments into the mitochondrial network re-established the tubular state with equidistant nucleoid spacing. The two major morphological states coexisted at intermediate stages. These observations suggest that both mitochondrial network fission and reconnection of the disintegrated network are nucleoid-centric, i.e., fission and new mitochondrial tubule formation are initiated around nucleoids. Analyses of combinations of these morphological icons thus provide a basis for a future mitochondrial morphology diagnostics.
- MeSH
- buňky Hep G2 MeSH
- DNA vazebné proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- konfokální mikroskopie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mitochondriální DNA metabolismus ultrastruktura MeSH
- mitochondriální dynamika genetika fyziologie MeSH
- mitochondriální proteiny genetika metabolismus ultrastruktura MeSH
- mitochondrie ultrastruktura MeSH
- replikace DNA genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- akustika řeči MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- klinická logopedie metody MeSH
- kvalita hlasu MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- poruchy artikulace * diagnóza etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- senzorická zpětná vazba * fyziologie MeSH
- teoretické modely MeSH
- vývoj řeči MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
