This review summarizes recent progress and developments as well as the most important pitfalls in targeted alpha-particle therapy, covering single alpha-particle emitters as well as in vivo alpha-particle generators. It discusses the production of radionuclides like 211At, 223Ra, 225Ac/213Bi, labelling and delivery employing various targeting vectors (small molecules, chelators for alpha-emitting nuclides and their biomolecular targets as well as nanocarriers), general radiopharmaceutical issues, preclinical studies, and clinical trials including the possibilities of therapy prognosis and follow-up imaging. Special attention is given to the nuclear recoil effect and its impacts on the possible use of alpha emitters for cancer treatment, proper dose estimation, and labelling chemistry. The most recent and important achievements in the development of alpha emitters carrying vectors for preclinical and clinical use are highlighted along with an outlook for future developments.

• MeSH
• aktinium chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• alfa částice terapeutické užití   MeSH
• astat chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• bismut chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• chelátory chemie   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• dávka záření MeSH
• heterocyklické sloučeniny monocyklické chemie   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• heterocyklické sloučeniny chemie   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• knihovny malých molekul chemie   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory patologie   radioterapie   MeSH
• nosiče léků aplikace a dávkování   chemie   MeSH
• radiofarmaka chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• radionuklidy chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• radium chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• vztah dávky záření a odpovědi MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• alfa částice MeSH
• radiometrie přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• radon MeSH

• MeSH
• alfa částice MeSH
• částice - urychlovače MeSH
• elektrony MeSH
• jaderná energie MeSH
• protony MeSH

Targeted alpha therapy with radionuclides undergoing multiple alpha-particle decays is a promising method of nuclear medicine. To study the effectiveness of alpha versus beta emitters, survival of DU145 prostate cancer cells exposed to 223Ra or 177Lu was assessed. Per decay, the cells were much more sensitive to the alpha than beta emitter. However, per unit dose the sensitivities would be comparable, contrary to the well-known evidence, if the decay energy were deposited within the sample completely and homogeneously. Measurements by Timepix detectors showed about three times higher counts of alpha particles above than below the sample. After the first alpha decay of 223Ra to 219Rn, this gas likely moves upwards and its subsequent three alpha decays occur in the upper part of the sample. Correct estimation of absorbed dose is a critical issue when analysing in vitro data and when translating their results to clinical applications.

• MeSH
• alfa částice terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• radiometrie metody   MeSH
• radionuklidy terapeutické užití   MeSH
• radium * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• hepatitida C epidemiologie   terapie   diagnóza   MeSH
• interferon alfa terapeutické užití   MeSH
• virus hepatitidy B MeSH
• Publikační typ
• sborníky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• gastroenterologie
• infekční lékařství

• MeSH
• biologický transport MeSH
• brefeldin A farmakologie   MeSH
• COP-vezikuly fyziologie   MeSH
• Polyomavirus fyziologie   MeSH
• transportní proteiny analýza   MeSH
• virion fyziologie   MeSH
• virům podobné částice analýza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH

The importance of fluorescence light microscopy for understanding cellular and sub-cellular structures and functions is undeniable. However, the resolution is limited by light diffraction (~200-250 nm laterally, ~500-700 nm axially). Meanwhile, super-resolution microscopy, such as structured illumination microscopy (SIM), is being applied more and more to overcome this restriction. Instead, super-resolution by stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy achieving a resolution of ~50 nm laterally and ~130 nm axially has not yet frequently been applied in plant cell research due to the required specific sample preparation and stable dye staining. Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) including photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM) has not yet been widely used, although this nanoscopic technique allows even the detection of single molecules. In this study, we compared protein imaging within metaphase chromosomes of barley via conventional wide-field and confocal microscopy, and the sub-diffraction methods SIM, STED, and SMLM. The chromosomes were labeled by DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindol), a DNA-specific dye, and with antibodies against topoisomerase IIα (Topo II), a protein important for correct chromatin condensation. Compared to the diffraction-limited methods, the combination of the three different super-resolution imaging techniques delivered tremendous additional insights into the plant chromosome architecture through the achieved increased resolution.

• MeSH
• chromozomy rostlin chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• DNA-topoisomerasy typu II metabolismus   MeSH
• fluorescenční barviva chemie   MeSH
• fluorescenční mikroskopie metody   MeSH
• indoly chemie   MeSH
• ječmen (rod) cytologie   genetika   MeSH
• konfokální mikroskopie metody   MeSH
• metafáze genetika   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• zobrazení jednotlivé molekuly metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hepatitida B krev   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• interferon alfa terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• virus hepatitidy B genetika   účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

Optimalizace terapie interferonem alfa ("tailoring"terapie) u chronických hepatitid B a C pomocí monitorování virémie a stanovení sérotypu viru hepatitidy C.; Optimalization of interferon alpha therapy ("tailoring"therapy) in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C using monitoring viremia and detection of hepatitis C virus serotype.

• MeSH
• chronická hepatitida B farmakoterapie   MeSH
• chronická hepatitida C farmakoterapie   MeSH
• interferon alfa terapeutické užití   MeSH
• ribavirin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• virus hepatitidy B účinky léků   účinky léků   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• virologie
• infekční lékařství
• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR

Bacteriophages are ubiquitous in nature and represent a vast repository of genetic diversity, which is driven by the endless coevolution cycle with a diversified group of bacterial hosts. Studying phage-host interactions is important to gain novel insights into their dynamic adaptation. In this study, we isolated 12 phages infecting species of the Acinetobacter baumannii-Acinetobacter calcoaceticus complex which exhibited a narrow host range and similar morphological features (podoviruses with short tails of 9-12 nm and isometric heads of 50-60 nm). Notably, the alignment of the newly sequenced phage genomes (40-41 kb of DNA length) and all Acinetobacter podoviruses deposited in Genbank has shown high synteny, regardless of the date and source of isolation that spans from America to Europe and Asia. Interestingly, the C-terminal pectate lyase domain of these phage tail fibres is often the only difference found among these viral genomes, demonstrating a very specific genomic variation during the course of their evolution. We proved that the pectate lyase domain is responsible for phage depolymerase activity and binding to specific Acinetobacter bacterial capsules. We discuss how this mechanism of phage-host co-evolution impacts the tail specificity apparatus of Acinetobacter podoviruses.

• MeSH
• Acinetobacter baumannii virologie   MeSH
• Acinetobacter calcoaceticus virologie   MeSH
• genom virový genetika   MeSH
• hostitelská specificita fyziologie   MeSH
• Podoviridae klasifikace   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• polygalakturonasa metabolismus   MeSH
• polysacharid-lyasy metabolismus   MeSH
• proteinové domény fyziologie   MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• virion genetika   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Asie MeSH
• Evropa MeSH