The Chinese Government quarantined Wuhan on 23 January 2020 and thereafter the Hubei province, affecting a total of 59 million citizens, to cease the spread of the coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19). The effects of this lockdown on the psychological and mental health of both the affected and unaffected Chinese are largely unknown currently. We utilized one of the largest crowdsourced databases (Sleep as Android) that consisted of 15,681 sleep records from 563 users in China to estimate the change in the sleep pattern of Chinese users during the span of 30 December 2019 to 8 March 2020 with reference to 64,378 sleep records of 1,628 users for the same calendar period of years 2011-2019. The sleep pattern in China changed drastically after 23 January 2020 when the law of quarantine and suspension of Wuhan became effective. The two major findings are: (1) Chinese people increased their sleep duration by an average of 20 min and delayed their sleep onset by an average of 30 min at weekdays, while they maintained a similar sleep duration at weekends, and (2) larger changes were found in several subgroups, including those in Wuhan (80 sleep records from 3 users), female subjects, and those aged ≤ 24 years. Overall, Chinese people slept later and longer than usual during the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine.

• MeSH
• Wakefulness * MeSH
• Betacoronavirus metabolism   MeSH
• Smartphone MeSH
• Circadian Rhythm physiology   MeSH
• COVID-19 MeSH
• Crowdsourcing * MeSH
• Mental Health MeSH
• Disease Outbreaks MeSH
• Quarantine psychology   MeSH
• Coronavirus Infections physiopathology   virology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Pandemics MeSH
• Sleep Wake Disorders epidemiology   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• Sleep physiology   MeSH
• Pneumonia, Viral physiopathology   virology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• China MeSH

Disruptions in sleep-wake patterns have been linked to a variety of health problems, including an increase risk for obesity, type II diabetes, and hypertension. The link to increased risk of malignancy and premature aging is less clear, however. This manuscript reviews current epidemiological and experimental evidence linking alterations in sleep-wake patterns to malignancy and premature aging. Epidemiological evidence suggests that alterations in sleep-wake patterns (e.g.; night-shift or rotating-shift work) are associated with increases in leukemia, endometrial, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers. Excessive long or short sleep duration is associated with increased mortality. These observations are further supported by experimental animal model systems: Sleep deprivation causes death in Drosophila cycle01 mutants. Manipulations of light-dark cycle in rodents or mutations that knock out certain genes in the circadian pathway accelerate aging and neoplastic growth. Melatonin, the pineal hormonal signal of darkness appears to have evolved in part to protect against mutagenesis by synchronizing cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis to the circadian peaks and troughs of genotoxic stress. A model based on circadian-gating of sleep-wake cycles, therefore, links the circadian pathway to the mutational theories of senescence and neoplasia.

• MeSH
• Circadian Rhythm physiology   genetics   immunology   MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 etiology   complications   MeSH
• Financing, Organized MeSH
• Hypertension etiology   complications   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Evidence-Based Medicine trends   MeSH
• Melatonin physiology   metabolism   MeSH
• Neoplasms etiology   complications   MeSH
• Obesity etiology   complications   MeSH
• Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm physiopathology   pathology   MeSH
• Aging physiology   immunology   pathology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

Melatonin, hormon produkovaný epifýzou v nočních hodinách, se u člověka uplatňuje jako časovač biologických rytmů a jako signál, který ohlašuje příchod spánku. Změněná úroveň sekrece a hladiny melatoninu byla zjištěna u různých psychiatrických poruch, jako je unipolární a bipolární deprese, sezonní afektivní porucha, bulimie, anorexie, panická porucha a obsedantně-kompulzivní porucha. Nízké hladiny melatoninu byly rovněž pozorovány u pacientů se schizofrenií. Se stoupajícím věkem produkce melatoninu klesá a zvyšuje se prevalence spánkových poruch, zejména nespavosti. V souvislosti s diagnostikou a terapií spánkových obtíží bývá jako dominující syndrom stále častěji popisován pocit nedostatečného osvěžení (vnímání nízké kvality spánku) a následně snížená aktivita ve dne. Melatonin může být užitečnou léčivou látkou v terapii poruch cirkadiánních rytmů, jako je syndrom změny časových pásem (jet-lag syndrome), zkracuje latenci usnutí a zároveň zlepšuje délku a kvalitu spánku. Melatonin může být rovněž využit jako krátkodobé hypnotikum u schizofrenních pacientů s nespavostí. Nízká produkce a sekrece melatoninu v noci byla prokázána u starších osob trpících nespavostí a jeho podávání se osvědčilo při léčbě spánkových obtíží u těchto pacientů. Ve srovnání s běžně předepisovanými látkami ze skupiny hypnotik, jako jsou benzodiazepiny a “Z” hypnotika (zolpidem, zopiklon), má melatonin několik klinicky významných předností, jednak nezpůsobuje ranní otupělost ani syndrom z odnětí, jednak není návykový.

Melatonin, the hormone produced nocturnally by the pineal gland, serves as a circadian time cue and sleep-anticipating signal in humans. Altered secretory patterns and levels of melatonin have been found in various psychiatric disorders such as unipolar and bipolar depression, seasonal affective disorder, bulimia, anorexia, panic disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder. Low melatonin levels have also been observed in patients with schizophrenia. With age, melatonin production declines and the prevalence of sleep disorders, particularly insomnia, increases. Non-restorative sleep (perceived poor quality of sleep) and subsequently poor daytime functioning are increasiagly recognized as a leading syndrome in the diagnostic and therapeutic process of insomnia complaints. Melatonin can be a useful therapeutic agent in the treatment of circadian phase disorders such as jet lag and increases the speed of falling asleep, as well as sleep duration and quality. Melatonin may be also a useful short-acting hypnotic for schizophrenic patients with insomnia. Low nocturnal melatonin production and secretion have been reported in elderly insomniacs, and exogenous melatonin has proved effective in treating sleep disturbances in these patients. In comparison to a number of sleep-promoting agents that are usually prescribed, such as benzodiazepines and Z-drugs ( zolpidem and zopiclon belonging to the latter ones), melatonin has several advantages of clinical relevance: it does not cause either hangover or withdrawal effects and is devoid of any addictive potential.

• MeSH
• Benzodiazepines adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Financing, Organized MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Melatonin pharmacology   physiology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Withholding Treatment MeSH
• Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm drug therapy   MeSH
• Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders drug therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH
• News MeSH

• MeSH
• Behavior MeSH
• Molecular Biology MeSH
• Nervous System Diseases MeSH
• Nervous System MeSH
• Neurochemistry MeSH
• Neurophysiology MeSH
• Neurons MeSH
• Neurosciences MeSH
• Publication type
• Monograph MeSH

• Conspectus
• Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
• NML Fields
• neurovědy
• biologie